Osteoporosis is known as a "quiet epidemic", it is understood that an average of 1 osteoporotic fracture occurs every 3 seconds worldwide, and the number of osteoporosis patients in China has ranked first in the world. What is osteoporosis?Can osteoporosis be prevented?How should we supplement calcium in our lives?Let's find out.
At least 69.44 million people in our country suffer from osteoporosis
Fractures are the most serious consequence of the disease
Osteoporosis is a disease of the skeletal system characterized by a decrease in bone strength, including bone density and bone mass, and an increased risk of fracture.
At present, the epidemiological survey results in China show that the prevalence of osteoporosis in people over 50 years old is 192%；The number of people over 65 years old reached 320%, of which 10 are males7%, up to 51 women6%。Osteoporosis is known as a "silent epidemic" because the vast majority of osteoporosis patients have no obvious discomfort in the early stages until the middle and late stages of the disease, when the pain is noticed due to the continuous superposition of bone microstructure destruction. In addition, the severity of osteoporosis is not directly related to pain, about 20% of osteoporosis patients are found to have osteoporosis because of X-ray or bone density examination after fracture, and about 10% of osteoporosis patients even have no clinical manifestations of bone pain for life.
Worldwide, an average of 1 osteoporotic fracture occurs every 3 seconds. Osteoporotic fractures are the most serious consequence of osteoporosis and the most common cause of death and disability in the elderly. About 1 in 3 women and 1 in 5 men will suffer a fracture after the age of 50, and the incidence is much higher than that of breast cancer, stroke and heart attack. The most common osteoporotic fracture site is the spine, but only 20% of people with vertebral fractures go to the hospital for treatment.
The most harmful osteoporotic fracture is hip fracture, after which the patient is bedridden for at least 3 months, leaving the elderly at risk of illness and death for a long time. Studies have found that nearly one-third of patients (about 25% of women and 32% of men) die of systemic complications (such as pneumonia, urinary tract infection, venous thrombosis, bedsores, etc.) within 1 year after hip fracture, and 50% of patients will face permanent disability or be unable to take care of themselves.
In 2010, about 1 in the world was over 50 years old5.8 billion people are at high risk of osteoporotic fractures, and the number of people at high risk of osteoporotic fractures is expected to double by 2040. According to the statistics of "Osteoporosis in China", at least 69.44 million people in China suffer from osteoporosis, and another 2100 million people have a lower than normal bone mass and are at risk of osteoporosis. Major osteoporotic fractures (hip, vertebral body, and wrist) increased by about 2.69 million in 2015;It is estimated that there will be about 4.83 million new cases in 2035 and about 5.99 million new cases in 2050.
Prevention of osteoporosis begins in childhood
Supplementation with calcium and vitamin D is effective in prevention
The prevention of osteoporosis can be divided into primary and secondary prevention, the primary prevention begins in childhood and adolescence, and medical experts have said that "senile osteoporosis is a pediatric disease", which seems to be absurd, but actually contains scientific truth.
Although osteoporosis mostly develops in old age, prevention of osteoporosis begins in childhood and is very important. The higher the peak bone accumulated at a young age, the more it can be used up later and the lower the risk of developing osteoporosis in the future. The target of secondary prevention is to target the risk factors of osteoporosis, and the larger the volume of the body's "bone ore island", the later and less severe the onset of osteoporosis in old age. Especially for women, if they don't get enough vitamin D and calcium from their diet, most women will start to lose bone mass after menopause.
Ordinary people often ask if drinking bone broth to supplement calcium?In fact, bone broth contains less calcium, hundreds of bowls to achieve the calcium supplement effect of a glass of milk, and because of the purine content and high fat, long-term drinking will lead to hyperuricemia and hyperlipidemia, which is not the right good way to osteoporosis. In the face of a wide variety of calcium preparations on the market, how to choose the right calcium agent?
Experts say that high-concentration calcium carbonate preparations that also contain vitamin D and synthesis should be chosen. According to the results of the "Nutrition and Health Survey of Chinese Residents", the daily calcium intake of residents in China is only 3888mg, which is about 400mg less than the **daily calcium intake of 800mg recommended by the Chinese Nutrition Association. Vitamin D can promote intestinal absorption of calcium and phosphorus, and it is recommended to consume 800 IU of vitamin D3 per day, and there is no contraindication to using 50,000 IU per week to achieve the ** goal of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels greater than 20 ng mL (50 nmol L). Calcium is the cornerstone of maintaining bone health, responding to the needs of growth and development, strengthening bones, obtaining optimal peak bone mass, and supplementing with adequate calcium and vitamin D can effectively prevent osteoporosis.
So, how to choose anti-osteoporotic drugs?Effective anti-osteoporotic drugs can increase bone density, improve bone quality, and significantly reduce the risk of fractures. Generally speaking, anti-osteoporosis drugs are mainly divided into two categories, which play the role of "open source" and "throttling" of bone mass, respectively. The so-called "throttling", that is, reducing bone loss, this class of drugs is called bone resorption inhibitors, such as bisphosphonates, calcitonin, estrogen, selective estrogen receptor modulators, etc. The so-called "open source", that is, to increase the body's bone mass, these drugs are called bone formation promoters, such as parathyroid hormone analogues. There are also some drugs that have both "open source" and "throttling" effects, such as strontium salts. In addition, some TCM preparations also have anti-osteoporotic effects. Anti-osteoporosis medications**, like other chronic diseases, need to be long-term and individualized**, so the medication regimen varies from patient to patient and needs to be taken under the guidance of a doctor.
At the same time, we should also do the following in life:
1.Balanced nutrition
Milk, soybeans, nuts, dark vegetables, etc., are all rich in calcium, of which milk is the most recommended. The calcium content in the common pure milk on the market is about 100 mg 100 ml, so it is easy to drink 300 ml of milk every day, plus supplements from other foods.
2.Branch** moves
For people of any age, the prevention of osteoporosis requires consistent care. For adolescents and children, the body is in the growth period, exercise is very helpful for bone accumulation, try to maximize the "peak bone mass". For adults, it is recommended to exercise regularly with weights (such as running, various ball games, etc.), 3-5 times a week, each exercise for 30 minutes to 1 hour, exercise can enhance muscle strength, improve nerve and muscle responsiveness, and reduce the risk of falls.
3.Quit smoking and limit alcohol
Poor lifestyle habits can lead to decreased bone density and increase the risk of fractures.
4.Get plenty of sun
Spending more time in the sun can promote vitamin D synthesis in the body. It is generally recommended to spend 15-30 minutes in the sun from 11 a.m. to 3 p.m. for as much exposure as possible**. Of course, you should also pay attention to avoid bright light to avoid being sunburned.
5.Prevent falls
Middle-aged and elderly people should pay attention to the prevention of falls to avoid the occurrence of fragility fractures. People who are older than 65 years are more likely to fallPeople who have had a fall;People with limb movement disorders and unsteady gait;Those with hearing and vision loss;Anemia;Patients with orthostatic hypotension;Those who take drugs that affect conscious behavior (such as sedative sleeping pills);Malnourished;Weakness and dizziness;Lack of caregivers;Those who are unconscious;People with sleep disorders, etc.