Topical drugs are the most commonly used drugs, and the right drugs can be matched with appropriate methods to get good results.
1. SolutionIt is mainly used for ** diseases with purulent discharge and exudate, such as blisters, erosions, ulcers, etc., and commonly used are 3% boric acid, 3% aluminum acetate, and normal saline. After cleaning the wound, soak 4 to 6 layers of gauze in the liquid medicine, squeeze it to the degree that it does not drip water, and apply it to the affected area. When applying a large area of wet compress, the wet compress time should be reduced, and the whole body should be wet compressed, and different drugs can be used in different areas.
2. DetergentMainly used to cleanse and soothe affected areas**. The commonly used calamine lotion needs to be shaken well before each use, and then washed and applied to the hands, which has anti-inflammatory, sterilizing and anti-itching effects. These drugs are not recommended for use in the hair area because of the risk of sticking the hair together.
3. OintmentIt is mainly used for local diseases, such as anti-infection, disinfection, anti-itching, and pain relief. Commonly used desonide, mupirox, etc. Before using this type of drug, avoid breakage, ulceration, oozing and other parts to clean**, wait for 2-3 minutes to dry slightly, apply it thinly according to the instructions, and gently massage it to make the drug enter**; Some drugs can be encapsulated to increase the moisture content of the stratum corneum and improve the efficacy.
After getting the drug, you must first understand the name, dosage form, and expiration date of the drug. Doctors often prescribe two or even more drugs, which not only have different effects due to different drug ingredients, but also have different absorption methods due to different dosage forms, and the absorption time and duration of each drug will also be different, so it is important to understand the drugs in advance and use them in the right way.
When taking the drug for the first time, it should be tried on a small area on **, stay for 12 48 hours, observe whether there are uncomfortable symptoms, if there are no uncomfortable symptoms, then increase the dosage of the drug, expand the scope of medication, and stop the drug immediately if there is no discomfort.
In general, a single dose of 2 grams for the face and hands, 3 grams for one arm, chest or back, 4 grams for one leg, and 20-30 grams for the whole body. **Limited absorption of the drug, so no overdose is required.
Once opened, use within 4 weeks.
Depending on the patient's age, stage, location, season,
The characteristics of the disease are different to make a reasonable choice.
Infants and young children are soft and tender, and high-concentration, strong irritation drugs should be avoided, and such drugs should not be used on mucous membranes, thin stratum corneum such as **.
For acute skin lesions, topical use should be mainly wet compresses; Lotions and emulsions can be used in the subacute phase; Ointments can be used for chronic lesions, but it is important to note that irritating ointments are generally contraindicated in the acute and subacute phases.
In terms of season, it is advisable to use creams and ointments in autumn and winter; The effect of using ointment in summer is average, and the frequency should not be too much, for patients with strong sensitivity, it is also necessary to pay attention to the choice of mild and non-irritating drugs or use low concentrations first, and then gradually increase the concentration.
According to the different nature and stage of the disease, it is also necessary to pay attention to the order of medication, for example, onychomycosis can be encapsulated with urea ointment first, softened and peeled, and then used antifungal preparations to achieve good efficacy, otherwise the effect will be much worse.
The dosage form and usage of external drugs are different, and appropriate use can achieve good efficacy; If it is not used properly, it often fails to achieve the best effect, or even has the opposite effect. Therefore, we should not only pay attention to the pharmacological effects of drugs, but also pay attention to the choice of drug dosage forms and usage.
Reviewer: Song Yi, Chief Pharmacist of the First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University.
Author: Yu Lulu, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University.