He didn t want to be a poet, but he left behind the most poems in history

Mondo History Updated on 2024-02-15

In 1172 A.D. (the eighth year of the Southern Song Dynasty), a bleak autumn day. There was a drizzle in the sky, and in front of the dangerous sword gate in Xishu, a tall ** shadow riding a donkey was coming. His eyes were confused, his expression was lonely, the gloomy weather, and the scattered rain seemed to be a portrayal of his life.

He stood in front of the Jianmen Pass for a long time, looking in the direction of Nanzheng (now Hanzhong, Shaanxi) in the northwest. It was the frontier of the anti-gold movement, and it also carried his ideals and glory, but he had to leave. The road ahead is vast and stormy, and his life will be cut off from now on. ideals and ambitions are forever blocked from the vast mountains of the northwest; The unyielding soul, the despair and sorrow that have nowhere to be complained, can only be poured into poetry with blood and tears to accompany him for the rest of his life .......

There are traces of dust and wine on the clothes, and there is no soul everywhere when you travel far away.

Is this fit a poet? Drizzle rides a donkey into the sword gate.

There was a light rain in the Jianmen Road.

He didn't want to be a poet, he wanted to make contributions and be ashamed of the country, but under the dark sky of the Southern Song Dynasty, his ambition was difficult to pay, and his hopes were dashed, so he had to become a poet and pour out his pain and resentment with a pen.

He is Lu You!

When he was born on the stormy Huai River boat, his father named him "swim", the concept of words, meaning both internal and external, but a prophecy, doomed him to a bumpy and fluttering life, ambition is difficult to pay, and the embrace is not opened; Love is lost, regret is lifelong, and his heart has never really been anchored.

First, the career is bumpy.

Lu You was born in a famous family in Jiangnan, with a prominent family background, his father has been an official in the imperial court for several generations, and the Lu family has passed on poems and books, and the family collection of books is the best in Jiangnan. Lu You's father and ancestors, each with their own writings, their words and virtues, are famous for a while. From the moment Lu You was born, he was destined to be accompanied by poetry and books and fight for fame.

But he coincided with the troubled times, the Jin soldiers invaded, the country was ruined, and he followed his father in the smoke of war at a young age, fleeing to the south. The shame of losing the country and the hatred of his family and country were deeply imprinted on his young heart.

In his youth and youth, the Southern Song Dynasty was still under the watchful eye of the Jin people; Shrouded in the gloomy clouds and fog of lost land to be recovered, rivers and mountains to be rectified, and shame to be snowed. The court was peaceful, the humiliation of peace, the people's struggle, and the sighs of the aspirants, the sky of the Southern Song Dynasty has never been bright.

Lu You deeply felt the grief and indignation of the whole country, the aggrieved but suppressed feelings, and it burned into a fire in his heart, and he was determined to recover the Central Plains in the future and wash away the national shame.

But he didn't expect that his ideals would be so out of place. In the examination, he worked hard to write, made generous statements, and advocated the fight against gold and the recovery of the Central Plains ....... But in the Southern Song Dynasty court, where the lord and surrender faction led by Qin Hui were in power, Lu You's rhetoric was to subvert the dynasty, disrupt the country, and become a stinger in their eyes, so Lu You fell to Sun Shan in the exam twice in a row.

In the twenty-third year of Shaoxing (1153 AD), Lu You participated in Enyin's lock hall exam for the third time. The examiner this time was Chen Zhimao, who was strong in resisting Jin and upright, and he was moved by Lu You's amazing literary brilliance and patriotic sincerity, and he was amazed. Ignoring the hint that Qin Hui, the sole minister of the previous dynasty, asked to take his grandson Qin Xun as the champion, he risked being deposed and dismissed, and insisted on taking Lu You as the first place.

On the day of the release, Lu You was full of tears. After ten years of cold windows and three resumptions in Beijing, he finally got his wish and got ahead. The door to serve the country was finally opened to him; The desire to resist Jin Xue's shame seems to be getting closer and closer.

But what he was waiting for was the disappointment that made him fall into the abyss.

It turned out that Qin Hui, who was in power and the opposition, was furious when he saw the list, and he couldn't tolerate someone ranking before his grandson Qin Xun. So he crossed Lu You's name from the list of the palace examination of the Ministry of Rites on the grounds of "relieving the recovery and agitating anti-gold", and held the examiner Chen Zhimao responsible.

Lu You fell from heaven to hell in an instant, and this time, he finally understood the darkness of the imperial court and the complexity of human nature, and felt the huge mountain shadow in front of his ideal. The resistance to gold has not begun, but it has been frustrated again and again. In front of him, the clouds were sealed with fog locks. And he, already 30 years old.

Second, missing out on true love.

The third expedition failed. The blow to Lu You is huge. He found a secluded place in Yunmen, Shaoxing, studied and practiced swords every day, and closed the door. Frustrated with ideals, hopeless in his career, he really wanted to find someone to talk to, that person was deeply engraved in his soul, but he had already left him and married another woman. To be exact, Lu You divorced her, which became the deepest pain in his life.

Her name is Tang Wan, and she is the daughter of Lu Youtang's uncle and her mother's niece. Tang Wan is not only outstanding in appearance, but also elegant and talented, and writes good poetry. The two got married in the 14th year of Shaoxing (1144 AD), when Lu You was 20 years old and Tang Wan was 17 years old.

After marriage, the two fell in love, Qin Se and Ming. Because of their like-minded interests and talents, the two are not only husband and wife, but also soul confidants. Lu You felt the gift of heaven and loved Tang Wan, and the two of them were like glue. Moments do not separate. That was probably the happiest time of Lu You's life.

But the haunting joy didn't last long. There is a pair of eyes not far away, who are already dissatisfied and hateful towards them, but they are immersed in the sweetness of love. A ruthless stick is about to hit them all the way around.

It turned out that Lu You's mother saw that Lu You was obsessed with Tang Wan every day, and the two of them liked to have fun and neglected their studies, and they forgot their fame. What is the use of keeping such a daughter-in-law? So she poured out her dissatisfaction and anger on Tang Wan, and the innocent Tang Wan became a disaster in her eyes. He ordered Lu You to divorce his wife and stay away from Tang Wan.

Mother's words are like a bolt from the blue to Lu You, who is immersed in sweet love, how can his loving wife leave? How can a loved one be separated? But in the Song Dynasty, disobeying the orders of one's parents was unfilial piety, which would be despised by others, tolerated by the world, and could not gain a foothold in this society. Therefore, his mother's judgment on his fate was like a blade from the sky, the cold air was pressing, and it ruthlessly cut off the happy life of him and Tang Wan.

This was the most painful moment in Lu You's life. With tears in his eyes, he watched as Tang Wan was sent out of the house and left him forever. His soul had been torn to pieces in an instant, and pieces were gone with Tang Wan and those beautiful memories, leaving behind the pain and regret that he could not make up for for the rest of his life.

Soon, he married Wang at the behest of his mother, and Tang Wan also married Zhao Shicheng, a famous scholar in Vietnam. The two have not met for several years, but they have become the most painful symbol in each other's hearts.

The scientific expedition failed, the fame was slim, the lover was gone, and there was no one to sue. In addition to reading and practicing swords, Lu You also walked around Sanyin in order to relieve his worries and relieve boredom. On this day, he came to Shen Yuan and saw Tang Wan, who he thought about day and night, and even broke his liver and intestines.

The two froze in place like an electric shock, and the old feelings and old things came to their hearts, and they stared at each other for a long time and were relatively speechless. Tang Wan's husband Zhao Shicheng led Tang Wan to leave in a hurry after saluting with Lu. Only Lu You was left in place.

But this sight shattered Lu You's heart again. Several scientific expeditions were disappointed, but true love belonged to someone else. His lost soul seemed to have nothing to rely on. The thoughts, love, and remorse for Tang Wan accumulated over the years in his heart, like the tide of the angry river, hit his fragile and helpless heart again and again, and he no longer cared about the rules of etiquette, honor and disgrace, and wrote a poem "Hairpin Phoenix" on the wall.

Red crisp hands, yellow silk wine, the city is full of spring palace wall willows. The east wind is evil, and the joy is thin. A sorrowful feeling, a few years away. Wrong, wrong, wrong.

Spring is as old as ever, people are empty and thin, and tears are red and silky. Peach blossoms fall, idle pond pavilion. Although the mountain league is here, it is difficult to trust the brocade book. Mo, Mo, Mo!

His love for Tang Wan finally erupted like a volcano, hearty, painful, and dripping with his blood and tears. Lu You used his love tragedy to achieve the eternal legend of love poetry.

Legend has it that when Tang Wan visited Shen Yuan again, when she saw the words inscribed by Lu You, her liver and intestines were broken, and she was greatly stimulated, and she couldn't afford to get sick after returning home, and she passed away soon after. She is the one who loves Lu You the most, and she is also the one who hurts the most, until she sacrifices her life.

The power of love is great and tenacious. Lu You walked out of Shen Yuan that day, but he never came out of Tang Wan's shadow in his life. Whenever he was frustrated, lonely and helpless again and again, he would think of Shen Yuan and Tang Wan's ....... In his heart, Tang Wan was the only person he could trust and rely on in his heart, but he was ruthlessly dismantled and taken away by fate, and his soul no longer had nowhere to rest, only endless heartaches accompanied Lu You's long life.

3. The ups and downs of the Huan Sea.

In the fifteenth year of Shaoxing (1125 AD), Lu You was already 34 years old, but he finally ushered in the opportunity, and Qin Hui, the lone minister who advocated peace, died, and the main battle faction began to gain the upper hand in the imperial court. A large number of suppressed and exiled people from the main battle faction were appointed, and Lu You was also promoted by his teacher Zeng Ji to serve as the head of Ningde County, Fujian. He finally achieved the first step to serve the country and began his career in the sea conscientiously. Two years later, due to his outstanding political achievements, Lu You was transferred to the capital as the official of the imperial decree, mainly responsible for revising the examination and approval of the law. His career has been smooth sailing from the beginning, and his progress seems to be just around the corner.

But his upright and pure personality and eagerness to serve the country made him do something in front of the emperor that seemed very out of place to others, which made his life fall into a trough again.

In the 31st year of Shaoxing (1161 AD), the gold lord Wan Yanliang led the army to attack the Southern Song Dynasty, and frantically shouted for the destruction of the Southern Song Dynasty within 100 days, which was a huge crisis, but in the eyes of Lu You, it was a good opportunity to resist Jin and serve the country. Prancing Horse Border Pass and going into battle to kill the enemy, he has an unshirkable responsibility. He immediately sent a letter to ask Ying to go north, and Gaozong was moved by his anti-gold enthusiasm and immediately summoned him.

Facing the emperor, the fire that had been hidden in Lu You's heart for many years instantly burned brightly. Maybe he held it for too long, maybe it was because of his deep love, Lu You made a generous statement to Gaozong, so that he burst into tears, and his determination to resist Jin was beyond words. But in Gaozong's eyes, Lu You, a petty official, not only failed in his manners, but his grief and indignation seemed to be an accusation and sarcasm of his own resistance to gold over the years. Gaozong was angry because of this, and instead of sending Lu You to the front line of the anti-Jin resistance, he dismissed him from office.

Lu You's enthusiasm for serving the country was poured with a scoop of cold water. He was simple and pure, how could he have expected the emperor's complicated thoughts? The ideal ambition is in front of him, but he misses it again, and he can only wait a little longer.

In June of the 32nd year of Shaoxing, Zhao Gou, who had been reigning for 35 years and was afraid of gold like a tiger, finally abdicated, and Song Xiaozong ascended the throne. He was determined to change the trend of surrender and peace that had permeated the government and the opposition for many years, and vigorously advocated resistance to Jin. He not only rehabilitated Yue Fei's father and son. And vigorously promote the main battle faction, Lu You's "tear splash dragon bed", has long been famous, coupled with his good poetry and writing, Xiaozong felt that talents were rare, and he was specially given the background of Jinshi, and stayed in the capital as a privy council editor.

In order to repay the kindness of filial piety, Lu You actively planned for the anti-gold plan, knowing everything and saying everything. He suggested that Xiaozong "rectify the rule of officials, strictly enforce military discipline, stabilize Jianghuai, and Xu Tu Central Plains". His sharpness aroused the displeasure of the Lord and the faction, and he was regarded as a thorn in their side. Finally, under their attack, Lu You was forced to leave the capital again and serve as the general judge of Zhenjiang, but the Lord and the faction still did not intend to let him go. In the second year of the main road, Lu You was once again dismissed and returned to his hometown. At this time, he was 42 years old.

In his prime, he had no way to serve the country, Lu You's depression and grievances can be imagined, but he was repeatedly belittled, and he accepted this reality safely, and waited silently in pain again. But the court seems to have forgotten him, and there has been no news of his conscription for a long time. The most precious prime of life is spent in the idleness of the countryside. Wandering in the beautiful countryside of Shanyin, he was sad and frustrated, feeling that the future was bleak, and he could only continue to motivate himself with "the mountains and rivers are exhausted and there is no way out, and the willows and flowers are bright and another village".

This is 4 years.

Fourth, the bloody army.

In the eighth year of the main road, Lu You took the initiative to write to the imperial court and asked to take up an official position. Due to years of idleness, sitting on the mountain, his life is becoming more and more embarrassing, and the imperial court finally gave him a position of general judgment of the eighth grade, but the location is Kuizhou, which is remote in the southwest. San'in and Kuizhou are separated from east to west, and there are thousands of miles away. He could only take his family up the Yangtze River and go to the southwest. The road ahead is boundless, and he laughs at himself, "Walking Bashu in his last years, and working hard for rice". But he didn't know that the far West would have his magnificent ideals, and his life was about to reach the peak of his dreams.

Lu You's tenure in Kuizhou was as plain as water, with magnificent canyons and the surging Yangtze River, but it did not make waves in his heart.

But at this time, the distant Lin'an has undergone great changes, and Yu Yunwen ascended to the position of right minister. He is an out-and-out main battle faction. As soon as he came to power, he actively prepared for war, from the Huai River in the east to the Dasanguan Pass in the west, defending the border for thousands of miles, beating war drums and shouting bursts, reorganizing the army for war, preparing for war, and preparing to counterattack Jin. Therefore, when Kuizhou's term of office expired and Lu You wrote to Yu Yunwen for help, he had already heard of Lu You's name and decided to make the best use of his talents, so he recommended him to the Nanzheng front line and served under Wang Yan, the Xuanfu envoy in Sichuan.

Lu You was overjoyed to receive the news, he thought that he would never have the opportunity to kill the enemy and serve the country in his life. Sighing day by day, and now, the opportunity is in front of him, and he is about to fulfill his long-cherished wish.

In Nanzheng, Lu You changed his previous loss and confusion, he was in high spirits and full of ambition. Although he only served as a judge of the Sichuan Xuanfu Envoy's Office, he was equivalent to a military staff officer in charge of legal affairs. The official is lowly, but he thinks it is the most meaningful thing in his life. Although he is nearly half and half a hundred years old, he is "an old man talking about juvenile madness", patrolling and practicing like young people, practicing horseback archery and archery, fighting skills, and preparing to do a big job.

Traveling on the Qinling Ancient Road, overlooking the great rivers and mountains, patriotism and enthusiasm arise spontaneously, and a magnificent poem blurts out. Many of his side poems that did not lose to the Tang Dynasty were all completed at this time. The eventful military years are not only the peak of his life ideals, but also the peak of his heroic poetry.

* The wrong knife is dressed in white jade, and the light shines through the window at night.

The husband has not made fifty achievements, and he is independent of the eight wildernesses.

Jinghua made friends with all the strange people, and lived and died together in the same period.

The thousand-year-old annals are nameless, and a piece of Dan is repaying the Son of Heaven.

Erlai came to the army in Hanbin, and the Nanshan Xiaoxue jade is rugged.

Alack! Although the three households of Chu can die in Qin, how can there be no one in China!

Jin wrong knife line. The building boat crosses the Guazhou on a snowy night, and the iron horse is scattered in the autumn wind". On the anti-Jin front line from east to west, a group of people shouted and prepared for war in full swing, and just waited for the emperor to give an order, they would counterattack on the whole front, drive out the Jin, and recover the rivers and mountains.

But did the emperors of the Southern Song Dynasty get used to favoring the south of the Yangtze River and stealing their lives? Maybe it's because Jin people have a strong fear in their bones, or maybe it's because of Jin's repeated defeats that make them lose all confidence. When Yu Yunwen's vigorous preparations for war were fruitful and the patriotic enthusiasm of the whole people was ignited, the emperor retreated, and he was even afraid that this move would make the Jin people misunderstand and get angry, so he imitated the ancestor Zhao Gou to destroy the Great Wall and dismissed Yu Yunwen, and Wang Yan was also relieved of his military post and transferred back to the capital from the northwest to serve as an idle post. The tense preparations on the front line were lifted, and the Southern Song Dynasty court once again lost a good situation of cutting gold.

After Wang Yan left, his shogunate staff was also disbanded, and Lu You's service to the country became Nan Ke's dream again. At this time, he had only been in the army for eight months. The dream was shattered, so quickly, Lu You didn't expect it.

Fifth, depressed and depressed.

The failure of this gold cut was a huge blow to Lu You. He not only sighed for his unfulfilled ambitions, but also completely lost confidence in the Southern Song Dynasty court, which was reluctant to steal peace and feared the enemy like a tiger. He is nearly 50 years old and may never have such an opportunity again. Could it be that his life is destined to serve the country without a way to pay, and his ambition is difficult to pay? In the dignified China, can you only live in a corner forever and ignore the loss of the country? Could it be that he is destined to be only a poet in the future, and can only turn his sincerity into helpless shouts and sighs?

When he rode a donkey along the ancient Shu Road from Jianmen into Sichuan, he poured out the pathetic voice of "What happened in this life, the poet came, and rode a donkey into Jianmen in the drizzle".

After entering Shu, Lu You traveled to Chengdu, Shuzhou, Jiazhou and other places, holding some unimportant official positions. His life fell from peak to trough, and the disillusionment of his ideals made him unable to find practical meaning. For those tedious and boring official affairs, he really can't lift his spirits. He could only linger in the Song House Tavern to anesthetize his painful heart.

Leng Guan has nothing to do, and he has to wander around every day" - climb the tower.

Xinglai bought all the Shiqiao wine, and the cart piled up long bottles" - long song line.

Lu You had no intention of doing things and was unrestrained, and he was finally **, the reason was that "he did not follow the rules of etiquette and swallow drinking". He was removed from his official position, and his salary was halved. He didn't bother to excuse himself, it didn't matter to him anymore. No one will know or understand the pain of his despair and powerlessness in his country. He simply named himself "Fang Weng". It means freedom**, game life. The court of the Southern Song Dynasty was content with the status quo from top to bottom, and secretly settled down, regardless of the loss of the country, and the hatred of the family and country was shameless and shameless. I am "drunk all over the world and I am sober alone", but he is soft-spoken and powerless. He could only indulge in wine and poetry for temporary relief. He decided to spend his life in Shu like this.

But by this time, his poems had become famous all over the world. Song Xiaozong was also moved when he saw it, and specially summoned him back to Chang'an to summon him. Opportunity and luck seemed to have befallen him again, but he was still only pure and straightforward, and he still only spoke of resisting Jin Forte and hating the country and family. Lu You was once again disappointed, and he had no choice but to survive two years and then ask to be dismissed and return to his hometown.

Since then, he has become a poet through and through, and his ideals and ambitions have been ethereal and distant, but the broken mountains and rivers, and the shame of his family and country still weigh on his heart like a mountain. And all this can only turn into disappointment and sadness, sadness and blood and tears pouring out of his pen and leaping into poetry.

The lonely zombie village does not mourn, and Shang Si is the national military wheel.

Lying down at night and listening to the wind and rain, the iron horse glacier fell into a dream.

November 4 was stormy.

The heart is still there, the dream is far away, and the passion in his heart is still like an angry tsunami and a storm, but it has not set off a trace of waves in the real world. His tragic military poems are incompatible with that era, when there were a group of people like Lu You, who were ambitious, sincere and patriotic, and wanted to reorganize the rivers and mountains and snow the country, but they were born at the wrong time, squeezed by the times, and achieved nothing in their lives. They failed to be a great minister and save the world, leaving only empty poetry names. Maybe they didn't expect that the poems were also sharp, ruthlessly piercing the darkness of that era, and the poems were also an immortal monument, engraved with their spirit and spirit, forever.

In the last two days of the second year of Jiading (1209 AD), the 85-year-old Lu You did not wait for the next New Year, just like he did not wait for the day when he recovered the lost land and reorganized the rivers and mountains in his life, he could only leave the regrets of his life to his children and grandchildren, and to thousands of people in future generations.

Shi'er. The dead Yuan knows that everything is empty, but the sorrow is not the same as Kyushu.

Wang Shi set the Central Plains Day in the north, and the family sacrifice did not forget to tell Naiweng.

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