Aisin Jueluo Puyi, the last emperor in Chinese history, lived a dramatic and tragic life. From the young emperor to being driven out, only three years have passed.
In his quest for restoration, Pu Yi accepted the support of the Japanese as an adult and established the puppet Manchurian Empire, becoming a 12-year emperor who had lost his autonomy.
After Japan's defeat in 1945, Pu Yi was forced to issue an "abdication edict" and was arrested by the Soviet Red Army at Mukden Airport on his way to Japan, thus beginning his 10-year captivity.
However, on September 14, 1959, **Xiang** proposed that on the occasion of the 10th anniversary of the founding of the People's Republic of China, amnesty be granted to a group of rehabilitated war criminals, counter-revolutionary criminals, and ordinary criminal offenders.
This suggestion made the war criminals in the war criminals management center full of expectations, including Pu Yi in the Fushun war criminals management center. Although Pu Yi was suspicious of his amnesty and believed that his past mistakes would not be forgiven by the people, he was still troubled by the problems of the deputy director and began to fantasize about the freedom and happiness after being pardoned.
Although the hope of amnesty seems slim, Pu Yi is still looking forward to the possibility of the future.
On the second day at the War Criminals Management Centre, all the prisoners were given orders to assemble. They followed the procession to the hall of the club, only to see a huge banner hanging high on the platform: "Amnesty Conference of Fushun War Criminals Management Center".
Everyone's heart hangs in the air, looking forward to the final result. On the stage, the representative of the Supreme People's Court and the two directors of the management office took out a piece of paper and read it aloud: "Aixin Jueluo Puyi." ”
Hearing his name, Pu Yi immediately stood up and walked quickly to the stage. He could feel his heart beat faster, and then he heard the amnesty decree: "This war criminal has been held for ten years ......."In accordance with the provisions of article 1 of the amnesty decree, he shall be released. ”
Hearing this, he was already in tears. A few days later, Pu Yi boarded a train to Beijing. He looked out the window at the snow-covered plains, at the ordinary working people sitting behind him, and he felt a change in himself, as if he had become an ordinary person, a person without sin.
When Pu Yi (right) arrived in Beijing, he met the fourth and fifth sisters, who were holding Pu Yi's hands and shouting, "Big brother." This made Pu Yi feel the warmth of family.
The day after he returned to Beijing, he got up early in the morning, and the people in the courtyard were very concerned about him. In order to repay the neighbors, he picked up a broom and swept the alley until he reached the mouth of the alley.
However, when he returned, he got lost and walked into a stranger's house. Fortunately, with the help of strangers, he eventually returned to his home. In the days following his return to Beijing, Pu Yi met all his relatives, including many friends from the old era and the eunuchs who had accompanied him.
Seeing the changes in everyone, Pu Yi was full of emotion. When he had met with everyone, he asked his younger siblings to go to Tiananmen Square. He tidied up his appearance, got on the bus, and came to Tiananmen Square with nervousness and anticipation.
When he saw the solemn Tiananmen Square, he felt very happy and excited, and felt the unique atmosphere from New China.
In order to help the pardonees better understand Beijing, the Civil Affairs Bureau organized a tour of the Forbidden City, in which Pu Yi, as the former owner of the Forbidden City, naturally served as a commentator.
However, when he stepped into the Forbidden City again, he found that the scene before him was very different from when he left. The walls were repainted, the floors were paved with new bricks, and the curtains, curtains, and furniture were all renewed.
In addition, the antiquities that were sold by the eunuchs and the Kuomintang at the time of his departure have now reappeared in the Forbidden City, many of which were purchased by museums or donated by collectors.
And another thing after the amnesty, which Pu Yi will never forget, is the reception of the prime minister. On 14 December, officials from the Civil Affairs Bureau informed him that a chief wanted to see him and that a car would pick him up shortly.
Although he didn't know which leader it was at the time, his heart was full of nervousness and anticipation.
1.No. 6 Qianjing Hutong, ** West Flower Hall, which witnessed the historical moment of Puyi's amnesty. On that day, the car carrying Pu Yi and his seventh uncle Zaitao drove into the gate of ***.
Here, Pu Yi met many of the people who had been amnestied, and his nervousness gradually subsided. He saw *** and had a lot to say, but in the end, he just whispered: "Ah, **."
2.The warm welcome made Pu Yi's nervousness disappear a little. They shook hands and asked about Pu Yi's living conditions with concern. After that, ** and other leaders invited Pu Yi and other amnesty personnel to sit down, and the banquet began.
The former Kuomintang generals here are all Whampoa students, and they have a deep teacher-student friendship with ***. Their topics ranged from Manchu etiquette and clothing to differences in physiognomy from those of the Han Chinese.
Pu Yi did not feel left out in the cold, ** talked to him about his past mistakes, and encouraged him to contribute more to the country. 3.In the West Flower Hall, Pu Yi and his amnesty staff were warmly received.
The car carried them and drove into the gate of *** from No. 6 Qianjing Hutong. Here, Pu Yi met his seventh uncle Zaitao, as well as other people who had been pardoned. He saw *** and had a lot to say, but in the end, he just whispered: "Ah, **."
Warmly shook hands with him, asked him about his living situation, and invited him and the other amnesty personnel to take a seat, and the feast began. The former Kuomintang generals here are all Whampoa students, and they have a deep teacher-student friendship with ***.
Their topics ranged from Manchu etiquette and clothing to differences in physiognomy from those of the Han Chinese. Pu Yi did not feel left out in the cold, ** talked to him about his past mistakes, and encouraged him to contribute more to the country.
**Meeting Pu Yi's family, Pu Yi's nervous mood disappeared in an instant, and he began to write his memoirs. On January 26, 1960, two days before the Spring Festival, ** invited Pu Yi, Pu Yi's seventh uncle Zaitao, fourth brother Pu Ren, second sister Jin Yunhe, third sister Jin Ruixiu, fourth sister Jin Yunxian, fifth sister Jin Yunxin, sixth sister Jin Yunyu and youngest sister Jin Yunhuan in the auditorium of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference.
After the founding of New China, Zaitao became a representative of the National People's Congress, and during a meeting of the National People's Congress, he held his hand and said: "I heard that Pu Yi has studied well recently, you can go and see him." ”
After Zaitao got permission, he came to visit Pu Yi at the Fushun War Criminals Management Center, and Pu Yi called him out with tears, "Seventh Uncle!" The two changed from monarchs and ministers to uncles and nephews.
The members of the Aixin Jueluo family, such as Pu Yi, Zaitao and Pu Jie, have changed from their former aristocratic status to ordinary people. They adapted to this shift very quickly.
For example, Pu Ren is a teacher at Changqiao Primary School in Beijing, Jin Yunhe works in a kindergarten, and Jin Ruixiu is a member of the CPPCC in Dongcheng District. Although Kim Yunxian was invited, she was unable to participate due to illness.
The fifth sister, Kim Yun-hwan, worked as an accountant in a restaurant, Kim Yun-yu was a painter, and the seventh sister, Kim Yun-hwan, was the last to arrive, when she was the head teacher of education at the elementary school.
Kim Yunhuan is the youngest sister in the family, and she has not seen Pu Yi for 28 years, so much so that she no longer recognizes him, and Pu Yi does not recognize her. Jin Yunhuan's thinking is relatively progressive, and he always thinks that Pu Yi has been a traitor emperor and does not have any good impression of him.
When Pu Yi was pardoned and returned to Beijing, she did not go to greet her. However, all this was known to the *** Prime Minister, who intended to reconnect the brother and sister.
At the banquet, the prime minister walked up to Pu Yi and said to Jin Yunhuan: "This is your eldest brother." Jin Yunhuan stretched out his hand, held Pu Yi's hand, and said, "Big brother." ”
When she learned that her fifth sister worked in a restaurant, the prime minister praised her courage and determination, saying that although she came from a humble background, she was still willing to work in the restaurant.
Although the sixth sister did not have a job at the time, she had studied painting for a few years. ** I was very interested in her painting talent, and instructed the cadres of the Beijing Civil Affairs Bureau present to arrange a job for her that she could do well.
Soon, Jin Yunyu became a professional creator at the Beijing Fine Art Academy. * It is also a reminder that there is a struggle between advanced and backward ideas, and this struggle exists not only between nations, but also in families.
He hoped that people with advanced ideas would be able to help people with backward ideas and make progress together, and should not dislike them because of the backwardness of the other party.
**Said something serious to ***, which made the seventh sister Jin Yunhuan feel guilty. She understood that this was specially told for her, and since then, her opinion of Pu Yi has also changed.
In this meeting, ** also has an important task, that is, to solicit the opinions of Pu Yi himself and his family, and arrange a suitable job for him. Pu Yi said that he had learned to measure his blood pressure during his time in the war criminals management center and could work as a doctor.
After hearing this, he smiled and said, "Although you can cure the disease, if you cure the person, the impact will not be good." Therefore, ** suggested that he go to labor for a while before thinking about doing some work on history.
After consideration, in March 1960, Pu Yi was assigned to work at the Beijing Botanical Garden of the Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences. He began to live a life of half a day of study and half a day of work.
On Chinese New Year's Eve in 1961, ** cordially received Pu Yi's family again. Pu Yi's second brother, Pu Jie, had just been released from prison, and his Japanese wife, Saga Hao, was eager to go to Beijing to reunite with her husband.
But on the question of whether to let her come back, there was disagreement within the Pu Yi family. Some people are in favor, others are against, and Pu Yi is against it. In order to better help Pu Yi's family unify their thinking, ** decided to invite them to Zhongnanhai for Chinese New Year's Eve dinner.
In addition to the members invited last time, several of Pu Yi's brothers-in-law have been added this time. The fourth sister, Jin Yunxian, who was unable to attend the banquet last time, also came to the scene. After everyone's greetings, ** immediately cut to the chase and asked everyone's views on Saga's return to China.
As the youngest sister in the family, Jin Yunhuan took the lead in expressing her opinion. She said that Japanese women are usually very loyal to their husbands, but the fact that she has not been in touch for such a long time does not rule out that she was assigned by the Japanese side.
Pu Yi felt the same way, and he was always wary of the Japanese.
**After listening to the opinions of all parties, he put forward a profound thought: "Can't China accommodate even a Japanese woman?" He believes that although China and Japan have been at war, there are still friendly relations between the two peoples.
For Pu Jie and Sagahao's marriage, ** I hope they can show this friendship and not break up for some historical reasons. In the end, under the guidance of ***, Pu Yi also agreed to return to China for his younger siblings.
A few months later, Sagahiro arrived in Beijing with her family. Soon after her arrival, ** invited Pu Yi and his family to Zhongnanhai, and also invited the Manchu writer Mr. Lao She to accompany her.
At the banquet, ** talked about Pu Yi's book "The First Half of My Life". He said that although the book is self-critical of the puppet Manchukuo period, the main culprit is Japanese imperialism, and this point should be emphasized more.
At the same time, while history should be written according to facts, it also needs to be revised before publication to better reflect the historical truth.
This book, written by Pu Yi while in prison, is full of his reflections on the past and his self-reproach. Under the guidance and suggestion of ***, Pu Yi revised the manuscript and finally published it in 1964.
However, Pu Yi's life was not all smooth sailing. He married five women during the Forbidden City, among which the marriage between Empress Wanrong and Empress Wenxiu broke down for political reasons, and Wenxiu eventually divorced Pu Yi.
Wanrong became delirious under the influence of the loss of her child and opium smoking, and eventually died in prison. Despite Wanrong's death, Pu Yi married Tan Yuling, who was 15 years younger than him, but Tan Yuling died early due to illness at the age of 22.
Subsequently, Pu Yi married Li Yuqin under the arrangement of the Japanese, but they were not in harmony with each other. In the end, after the victory of the Anti-Japanese War, Li Yuqin and Pu Yi divorced and lived separately.
After the amnesty, Pu Yi has been alone. Both the leaders of the country *** and *** advised him to start a new family. After everyone's help, Pu Yi tied the knot with ** Li Shuxian in 1963.
After marriage, they supported each other until Pu Yi passed away. In the summer of 1964, when Pu Yi visited Henan and Shaanxi, he suddenly had "** intermittent hematuria" after returning.
He went to the hospital for a check-up, but the doctor misdiagnosed it as prostatitis and performed it incorrectly, resulting in his condition not improving. Pu Yi's physical condition was not optimistic, and he had to be hospitalized.
After learning the news that he was hospitalized with blood in the urine, he personally called the person in charge of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC) and asked them to find out Puyi's illness as soon as possible. After the doctor's full efforts**, Pu Yi's hematuria symptoms were finally controlled, but ** has not been found.
The organization advised him to recuperate in peace, but he really couldn't calm down, and insisted on going to work after a slight improvement. Even the leaders could not dissuade him. Due to his overwork, he was hospitalized again and lost 10 pounds.
Pu Yi and Li Shuxian conducted an in-depth study of the condition and found that Pu Yi was suffering from a rare bladder papilloma. After that, they transferred Pu Yi to ***
However, after 15 days, there was no significant effect, and the tumor was enlarged. Therefore, the hospital adopted the electrocautery method, and two weeks later, the tumor was eliminated and Pu Yi was successfully discharged.
At first, he thought that his condition had been controlled, but the tumor had metastasized to other parts, and Pu Yi, who was unaware, continued to work after being discharged from the hospital. However, as the work progressed, he developed symptoms such as dizziness, high blood pressure, and soon blood in the urine.
Pu Yi went to the doctor again, and upon examination, it was found that the cancer cells had metastasized to his left kidney. In order to stop the cancer from spreading, the hospital decided to perform surgery to remove the left kidney. With the consent of ***, the operation was successfully completed.
However, despite the success of the surgery, the cancer cells continued to spread, and five months later, Pu Yi was hospitalized again.
**The prime minister always paid attention to Pu Yi's health, and when he learned that Pu Yi was in critical condition, he immediately invited the famous Chinese medicine doctor Pu Fuzhou for diagnosis and treatment. Through the meticulous and cooperation of Chinese and Western medicine, Pu Yi's life was saved.
On October 16, 1967, Pu Yi's condition continued to deteriorate, even though he had oxygen in his nose, he was still short of breath, and cancer and uremia made him miserable.
By the afternoon, his breathing had become weaker and weaker, his face had turned red from lack of oxygen, and he had a hoarse cry, but he could not utter a word. His wife, Li Shuxian, held his dry hand tightly, but could not do anything.
Soon, his voice became quieter, his eyes were half-open and half-closed, and his heart stopped beating. After Pu Yi's death, the family chose cremation. ** The Prime Minister sent someone and gave clear instructions on where Pu Yi's ashes would go.
He offered three options: first, to place it in the Babaoshan Revolutionary Cemetery; the second is placed in Wan'an Cemetery; The third is to place the ashes in any place in another cemetery or to store the ashes.
First of all, Pu Yi's seventh uncle Zaitao proposed that his ashes should be stored in the Babaoshan People's Columbarium. Pu Jie also agreed, and said: "We should understand the instructions of the prime minister, he is also an old man, and he can't make trouble for him anymore, so it's better to put it in the mass cemetery." ”
Li Shuxian has no objection to this, because she deeply understands that her husband is keen to communicate with the people. In the end, Pu Yi's ashes were preserved in the Babaoshan People's Columbarium.
In 1980, the CPPCC auditorium held a memorial service for Pu Yi, Wang Yaowu and Liao Yaoxiang, three CPPCC members, and Pu Yi's ashes were reburied in the first columbarium of Babaoshan Revolutionary Cemetery.
However, in 1994, Mr. Zhang Shiyi, who lived abroad, built a Hualong Royal Mausoleum, and in order to increase the popularity of the cemetery, Zhang Shiyi persuaded Li Shuxian to move Puyi's ashes away.
The ashes of China's last emperor were thus buried in the Qingxi Mausoleum.