The ability of carrier pigeons to fly to designated places remains a fascinating mystery to this day. Scientific studies have shown that carrier pigeons may achieve this feat in several ways:
Pigeons may have magnetic induction abilities and are able to sense changes in the Earth's magnetic field and thus discern directions. They may have magnetic substances in their brains that help them use the Earth's magnetic field like a compass.
Pigeons are able to use the sun as a navigational tool, judging time and direction by observing the sun's movements.
During long flights, pigeons may remember specific landmarks, such as mountains, rivers, or buildings, to assist them in navigation.
Studies have pointed out that pigeons may be able to discern locations by recognizing specific scents from different regions.
Some studies have suggested that pigeons may be able to use low-frequency sound waves generated by the ground (e.g. ocean waves, thunder, etc.) to discern directions.
Although the exact mechanism of homing pigeon navigation is not fully understood, these studies show that pigeons do possess some very specific instincts that allow them to complete orienteering missions over long distances. These abilities may have been acquired through long-term evolutionary adaptation and training.
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