Too Publish a collection of dragon cards to divide millions of cash empty display of countless astronomical wealth.
Behind the dome of a series of European Southern Observatory telescopes, the Milky Way towers over the southern sky, with the Large Magellanic Cloud and the Small Magellanic Cloud on the right. While thousands of stars and planes of the Milky Way are visible to the human eye, the most distant objects we can see are far beyond our own home galaxy. **eso/z. bardon （www.bardon.cz）/projectsoft （www.projectsoft.cz）
The closest is our Moon, the distance of which is about 2000+ years ago.
This diagram shows the Earth and the Moon, and the distance between them. Two observers on opposite sides of the Earth at the same time, one who sees the moon rising and the other who sees the moon set, will see that the apparent positions of the Moon have moved about 1. relative to each other9 degrees. This allows us to infer the Earth-Moon distance. **nasa/jpl-caltech
The moon and planets sometimes obscure the star, which indicates that the star is farther away.
A occultation occurs when an astronomical object occupies the same line of sight as another celestial body, as the "closer" object blocks the light that can be seen from the "farther away" object. The Moon obscures all other planets; The Moon and planets mask the background stars, revealing their relative distances from each other. **bob king/stellarium/sky & telescope
The Andromeda Galaxy was first recorded in 964 AD, and it is farther away than anything in the Milky Way.
This 1888 image of the Andromeda Galaxy, taken by Isaac Roberts, is the first astronomical photograph of another galaxy**. It is taken without any photometric filter, so all the different wavelengths of light are added together. Every star in the Andromeda Galaxy hasn't moved since 1888, which is a significant testament to just how far away other galaxies really are. Although Andromeda was a visible object under dark skies, it was not recorded until 964 and was not proven to be extragalactic until 1923. Isaac Roberts.
However, it was not until 1923 that measurements of internal variable stars proved its extragalactic nature.
This image, taken in October 1923, is probably the most famous photographic negative in history, showing the Great Nebula (now a galaxy) in the constellation Andromeda and the three novas that Hubble observed in it. When the fourth brightening event occurred at the same location as the first, Hubble discovered that it was not a nova, but a Cepheid variable star. Written in red pen "var! "It was the amazing discovery of the Hubble telescope: it meant that Andromeda was an extragalactic object, located outside the Milky Way. Carnegie Observatory.
By that time, many more distant objects had been observed.
Originally recorded as a faint, vague object with no discernible structure through more primitive telescopes, the spiral has been clearly observed to be ubiquitous in the night sky since the mid-1800s. But their essence is a mystery, and the democratic attempt to solve the problem in 1920 only raises more unanswered questions. It wasn't until 1923, when a single star was identified in one of the stars (Andromeda), that their extragalactic nature began to be understood. **eso/p. grosbøl
The triangular galaxy recorded in 1654 is the farthest object we have with the naked eye.
The spiral galaxy Messier 33, imaged by amateur astronomers with pink-covered X-ray data from NASA Chandra, is also known as the triangular galaxy: a faint galaxy visible in the southern sky. It was first recorded in 1654 and is typically the faintest object visible to the naked eye. **Optics: Warren Keller; X-ray: NASA CXC SAO PPlucinsky et al.
In 1779, the spiral galaxy Messier 58 broke this record.
The Messier 58 galaxy, recorded by Charles Messier in 1779, is the most distant galaxy in the Messier catalog of galaxies, located 62 million light-years from Earth. Although Messier (and others more than 100 years after its discovery) did not know its distance and nature, it was once the most distant celestial object ever discovered and observed. **Adam Block Mount Lemmon Skycenter University of Arizona.
In 1785, William Herschel discovered the giant elliptical NGC 584
The giant elliptical galaxy NGC 584 shown here was discovered and recorded in 1785 and is located about 62 million light-years from Earth. Although it was not known to be an extragalactic object until the 1920s, it was the most distant object known and recorded until the discovery of NGC 1 a few months later. Sloan Digital Survey.
In 1786, NGC 1 broke through the barriers of 100 million light-years and 200 million light-years.
The Galaxy NGC 1 at the top was the first celestial object recorded by William Herschel in the General Catalogue from 1786, but was not re-recorded until the 1860s. It has a distance of 2At 1.1 billion light-years, it is the most distant object known and recorded in about a century, although the fainter NGC 2 lies almost twice as far below it. **desi legacy surveys / dustin lang（perimeter institute）
OJ 287 first appeared on photographic negatives in 1887 and is currently measured 3.5 billion light-years away.
The most massive pair of black holes in the known universe is OJ 287, and its gravitational waves will be beyond the range of Lisa. A gravitational-wave observatory with a longer baseline can see it, like a pulsar timing array that is accurate enough. Although OJ 287 was first imaged in 1887, its nature and distance were not determined until the 1960s. **ramon n**es/observatorio montcabrer
Until its distance was known, bright galaxies in the galaxy cluster – such as Comet, Botus, and Hydra – held the record.
This photograph of the Gemini Cluster, taken in 1975, contains a galaxy known as LEDA 20221 (MCG+06-16-021), which is the brightest galaxy in the cluster. The brightest galaxy in the cluster was discovered in 1932, more than a billion light-years away, and was the first object to be discovered to cross this vaunted threshold. **noirlab/aura/nsf;KNPO 4 meter Mayall telescope.
In the 1960s, radio galaxies and quasars eclipsed these distances.
As shown by Chandra X-ray data (left) and radio data outlines of the superarray (right), the quasar 3c 9 broke the cosmic distance record in 1965 by becoming the first object with a redshift of 2 or more at a distance of 16 billion light-years. Although more quasars would extend the record, it wasn't until 1997 that galaxies regained the record from quasars. **a. c. fabian， a. celotti， &r. m. johnstone， mnras， 2003
It wasn't until 1997 that the Milky Way set a new record.
The galaxy cluster CL 1358+62 shown here is currently lensing two more distant background galaxies, as shown by the red arc in the white box. The two objects were discovered on July 31, 1997 by Marijn Franx and Garth Illingsworth, breaking the cosmic distance record at the time and becoming the first galaxy to become the cosmic distance record holder since quasars first usurped them in 1960. **m. franx （u. groningen） &g. illingworth （ucsc）， wfpc2， hst， nasa
In 2009, gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) 090423 became the most distant.
This pseudo-color image is from MPI ESO 2. in La Silla, Chile with a Grond instrumentCaptured with infrared light on a 2-meter telescope, it reveals the afterglow and redshift distance of the spectacular gamma-ray burst GRB 090423 on April 23, 2009. From 2009 to 2015, it was the most distant object ever discovered. **Jochen Greiner Grend Gamma-ray Burst Optics Near-infrared detectors.
Hubble's galaxies egsy8p7 and gn-z11 are even further away.
It is only because Hubble's most distant galaxy, GN-Z11, is located in a region where the intergalactic medium is largely reionized, that Hubble is able to reveal it to us at the moment, breaking the previous record held by EGSY8P7. Other galaxies that are at the same distance, but do not follow a horizon that is incidentally larger than average in terms of reionization, can only be revealed at longer wavelengths and by observatories such as JWST. Currently, GN-Z11 has been downgraded to the 9th most distant galaxy known as of 2024: in the JWST era. **nasa、esa、p.Oesch and BRobertson (University of California, Santa Cruz) and A feild （stsci）
Eventually, in 2022, JWST's JADES-GS-Z13-0 surpassed them.
So far, the four most distant galaxies identified as part of the Jads include three that have exceeded the threshold of "most distant galaxies" previously set by Hubble. So far, the JADES data is no more than a quarter of the total, and this record is likely to decline again, perhaps multiple times, in the coming months and years, but the clear characteristics of the Lyman fracture can be clearly seen. The most distant jades-GS-Z13-0 took the record away from the Hubble telescope in December 2022 and still holds the record to this day. While these are some of the youngest galaxies discovered to date, their stellar clusters are not primitive. **nasa、esa、csa、m. zamani （esa/webb）、leah hustak （stsci）;Science credits: Brant Robertson (University of California, Santa Cruz), STacchella (University of Cambridge), E curtis-lake（uoh）、s. carniani（scuola normale superiore）、jades collaboration
Someday, neutral, spin-flipped clumps of hydrogen will surpass any galaxy at a distance.
Whenever a neutral hydrogen atom is formed, the electrons in it spontaneously de-excite until it is in the lowest (1s) state of the atom. Since the probability of spin alignment of electrons and protons is 50 50, half of the atoms will be able to quantum tunnel into an anti-aligned state, emitting 21 centimeters (1420 MHz) of radiation in the process. This should allow us to detect neutral hydrogen clusters that are farther away than the first stars exist. SKA organization.