The four major conspiracy in history are the most insoluble in terms of protracted war
After thousands of years of conquest, countless war gods and strategists have emerged, leaving behind countless tactics in the art of war. Among them, some schemes are unexpected, ingenious and cunning, which is "conspiracy"; Some schemes are above board, step by step, this is the "yang scheme".
Different from "conspiracy", "yang conspiracy" is often placed on the surface, which makes people have to face it, but it is difficult to crack. However, as the only civilization in human history that has survived to this day, the wisdom contained in the Chinese civilization is immeasurable.
In the history of our country, there are the famous four major yang schemes. The first three of them have been solved, but the last one has not been cracked so far. So, what are these four yang conspiracy respectively?
How were the first three schemes cracked? What's so amazing about this last plan?
Outwit Zhao Di"- Encircling Wei to save Zhao, this strategy can be called ingenious. Back in 354 BC, King Hui of Wei fell into trouble. Seeing this, his general Pang Juan asked King Wei Hui why he was worried out of the etiquette of being a courtier.
King Wei Hui complained: "Zhao Suhou, who has no virtue, recently took advantage of our country's national funeral to snatch the land of Zhongshan. Although the territory is not large, this loss makes my heart ache. ”
After hearing this, Pang Juan immediately thought of the skills he was good at robbing territory, and suggested to King Wei Hui: "The king doesn't have to worry, we can send troops to attack Zhao and take back the lost land." ”
Pang Juan proposed to attack Handan, let Zhao take the initiative to return the land, and let them see the strength of Wei. King Wei Hui agreed and allowed Pang Juan to lead five hundred chariots to attack Zhao.
Zhao was defenseless, and the city of Handan was approached by Wei soldiers, and Zhao Suhou panicked and had to ask for help from the neighboring Qi State.
After receiving the distress letter, King Qi Wei sent the general Tian Ji and the military advisor Sun Bin to the rescue of Zhao after careful consideration. Sun Bin has a deep relationship with the Wei State.
He was once the thinker of the Wei State, a classmate of Pang Juan, and later served as an official in the court together. However, Pang Juan is a cautious person, he was worried that the country would not have his place if Sun Bin had him, so he set up a treacherous plan to cut off Sun Bin's feet and tattoo words on his face, so that Sun Bin would not even dare to see anyone.
Despite this, Sun Bin remained persevering, and was eventually rescued by the Qi State and fled to the Qi State to serve.
Sun Bin said to Tian Ji that to deal with Pang Juan, we must grasp his weakness. Now that the elite troops of Zhao have gone to attack Zhao, Wei's defenses must be very loose. We pretended to attack Wei and set up an ambush at the place where Pang Juan had to go to help, even if he knew that we were reinforcements, he would definitely come back to the rescue, so that we could save Zhao from its predicament.
Sun Bin took advantage of Tian Ji's strategy so that Pang Juan had to withdraw his troops from Handan. But Sun Bin was not satisfied, he sent the Qi army to set up an ambush in Guiling, making full use of the exhausted Wei army to make them collapse.
Pang Juan tried his best to withdraw the remnants of the army from the battle and return to Daliang, but the Qi army had already retreated. This is the famous "encircling Wei to save Zhao" conspiracy, the core of which is to strike at the enemy's rescue.
Pang Juan will definitely withdraw his troops in order to save King Wei, so he will be tricked no matter what. Sun Bin's siege of Wei to save Zhao can be said to be a successful plot in history, but it is not unsolvable.
In my opinion, to crack this strategy, we first need to think about the deep-seated intentions of Sun Bin and Qi Guo, and take corresponding measures. In fact, Qi sent troops to rescue Zhao not out of good intentions, because Sun Bin's plan did not really save Zhao.
While Tian Ji pretended to besiege Wei, Pang Juan had already led his army to capture Handan, and Zhao was forced to surrender. The real purpose of Qi is to let the two countries fight each other and reap the benefits of the fisherman.
However, after Pang Juan saw this, he did not take proper precautions against the ambush soldiers in Guiling on the way back to help, which eventually led to the end of defeat.
The key to success or failure lies in the strength of both sides. In the battle of Guandu, Cao Cao burned the black nest, but Yuan Shao ignored the black nest and tried to "encircle Wei to save Zhao" and transferred troops to fight Cao Cao's camp.
However, Cao's camp was strong and could not be attacked for a long time, but the Wuchao granary was burned by Cao Cao, which became an important factor in the defeat of Yuan Shao's army. If Pang Juan can recharge his strength when he sends troops, strengthen the protection of the rear, or join forces with powerful neighbors to prepare for it, then "encircling Wei and saving Zhao" will be another ending.
Yan Ying offered a plan to kill the three generals During the Spring and Autumn Period, Yan Ying, the prime minister of Qi State, in order to solve the problem of disrespect for himself by the three generals Gongsun Jie, Tian Kaijiang and Gu Yezi, proposed a strategy to force them to death with two peaches.
Although these three generals were brave and good at fighting, and they even became brothers to each other in private, they had no respect for Yan Ying, and even ridiculed him repeatedly. Yan Ying wrote down the names of the three in her heart, waiting for an opportunity to take revenge.
This strategy finally succeeded, so that the three generals were forced to die in front of Qi Jinggong.
When Qi Jinggong discovered that the family of the three cronies was growing stronger and their relationship was harmonious, he began to feel uneasy. Coincidentally, Yan Ying found this opportunity and proposed the "Two Peach Plan", he suggested that the two peaches be divided among the three generals, and those with high merit could eat them.
In this way, it can not only provoke the relationship between the three generals, but also trigger the family struggle behind them. Qi Jinggong was very happy to hear this, and immediately ordered someone to give two peaches to the three generals.
The three of them saw that there were only two peaches and immediately sensed that something was wrong. Gongsun then sighed and said: "Qi Jinggong let us compete for merit, if we don't take peaches, it will be equivalent to admitting that we are inferior to the other two people." ”
Despite the fact that all three of them were arrogant people, they still told about their exploits separately. However, when Gongsun Kai and Tian Kaijiang heard about Gu Zhizi's exploits, they all felt very ashamed.
They admit that although their merits are not as good as Kojiko's, they still want Momoko's honor, which makes them feel very ashamed. So, the two of them committed suicide together.
When Kojiko saw this scene, he was very sad. He couldn't accept the fact that his two brothers died to share the peach with him, so he also chose to commit suicide and left this world with his two brothers.
From Yan Ying's point of view,"Two peaches kill three soldiers"The scheme has been successfully completed. But from another point of view, the suicide of the three generals is actually the most effective way to crack this scheme.
The purpose of Qi Jinggong's peach gift was to provoke the three of them and the clan conflicts behind them in order to benefit from them. The three generals understood the ploy, but had to accept it. In the end, they chose to commit suicide together, which was their rebellion against Qi Jinggong's provocation.
Qi Jinggong didn't expect them to be so resolute, so he could only bury them. And the clan power behind them has been preserved. Eventually, after the death of Duke Qi Jing, the power of Qi fell into the hands of the Tian family.
Therefore, as long as the three of them work together, they can break this scheme.
During the Western Han Dynasty, Emperor Liu Bang faced a severe test - how to deal with the princes with different surnames who occupied a large territory and had an army. In order to ensure the safety of his throne, Liu Bang convened the "White Horse Alliance" and announced: The future princes and kings must be members of the Liu family.
He then implemented the "Tui En Edict", which divided the land of these princes among his brothers, thereby weakening the power of the princes with different surnames and strengthening the control of the imperial family.
This conspiracy not only tested Liu Bang's political wisdom, but also succeeded in consolidating the rule of the Han dynasty.
Liu Bang originally wanted to solve the trouble for his children and grandchildren, but if he had the opportunity to meet his great-grandson Liu Che, I was afraid that Liu Che would tell him: "Your method is not enough, you still have to look at my grandson." ”
The princes still followed the tradition of primogeniture. Although the original "Nine Kings with the same surname" were still Liu Bang's brothers, their blood relationship gradually weakened over time.
How could a vassal state with land, military power, and great power be willing to be only a prince? After all, everyone is surnamed Liu, and the emperor should take turns. And this hidden danger finally broke out during the reign of Emperor Jing of the Han Dynasty.
During the period when the princes were strong, Chao Cuo put forward a proposal to weaken the princes, but they were not implemented. Liu Bi, the king of Wu, used Chao Mistake as an excuse to lead the Seven Kingdoms to launch a rebellion, which is known as the "Rebellion of the Seven Kingdoms" in history.
Zhou Yafu successfully put down the rebellion, and all seven kingdoms were wiped out, greatly weakening the power of the princes. However, despite the victory of the reduction of the feudal rebellion, the centralization of power lost order, and the balance between the princes and the royal family was broken, and the reduction of the feudal domain and the counterinsurgency did not really solve the threat of the princes.
In the time of Emperor Liu Che of the Han Dynasty, he faced the encroachment of the Xiongnu and the threat of the princes, which made him very troubled. If, at war with the Xiongnu, the princes suddenly attack from behind, he will have nowhere to appeal.
However, his advisor Master Yan proposed a "Yang Scheme" that made Liu Che ecstatic, and this "Yang Scheme" was later the very famous Tui En Order.
The Tui En Decree was a political measure aimed at weakening the power of the princes. In the Western Han Dynasty, the county system and the sub-feudal system coexisted, and it was in this context that the Tui'en Decree was implemented.
This policy changed the original "primogeniture inheritance system" of the princes, changed it to the joint inheritance of the eldest son, the second son, and the third son, and divided the vassal states into counties and counties, which were distributed among the sons of the princes.
This move clearly expressed to the princes the emperor's concerns: the princely states were too powerful, the emperor was uneasy, and the princely states needed to be broken up into smaller parts. However, the princes could not refuse this policy, because the beneficiaries of the "grace" promoted by the Tui En Decree were their sons other than their eldest sons.
In the face of this interest, humanity becomes less important. As a result of the Edict of Tui, the fiefs of the princes were subdivided into smaller pieces, which became more fragmented and weakened over time.
For example, Liu Bei's ancestor, Liu Sheng, King Jing of Zhongshan, could only make a living by weaving straw shoes when he reached Liu Bei's generation.
Although"Push Grace Order"It was hailed in later generations as an efficient strategy to resolve the threat of the princes by peaceful means and make it impossible for them to fight back, but in reality, it was only in the Western Han Dynasty"Rebellion of the Seven Kingdoms"After that, it briefly comes into play.
It's not an absolutely perfect strategy. If the princes only educated their sons-in-law and did not include illegitimate children in the family lineage, then they would not be able to enjoy the right to the fiefdom.
The Tui En Decree could only temporarily weaken the power of the princes, but could not completely solve the problem. "
The successful implementation of the Tui'en Decree is inseparable from the gradual weakening of the princes during the period of Emperor Wen of the Han Dynasty and Emperor Jing of the Han Dynasty.
However, the implementation of the Tui En Decree not only weakened the princes, but also posed a challenge to the royal family, so that later his cousin Wang Mang had an opportunity to take advantage of it and was regarded as a "modern time-traveler".
4. "On Protracted War" * The book "On Protracted War" written in 1938 can be called the most insoluble conspiracy in history. He foresaw the victory of the War of Resistance Against Japan, and in his more than 50,000-word Marxist military theory work, he clearly and clearly expounded the reasons for the inevitable defeat of the Japanese.
This War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression allowed the Chinese nation to experience life and death, and finally won a new life. The ** and elaboration of "On Protracted War" have made it the most difficult to crack the conspiracy.
The article was quickly translated into many languages and published in newspapers around the globe. Among them, including the Japanese who believed that China was "bound to lose" in the article, they all knew very well how China would defeat the Japanese invaders.
In 1937, after the outbreak of the Anti-Japanese War and the fall of Shanghai, the news of the victory of Pingxingguan gave us hope. In the face of the war situation, the Chinese people have two completely different views.
Some are extremely pessimistic, thinking that we will"Dead country"；Others are overly optimistic, believing that China will soon be able to drive out the invaders and regain lost land. At such a critical moment, ** devoted himself to seven days and seven nights and wrote this "On Protracted War".
The appearance of this article not only tells"Quick wins"The war with the Japanese invaders will be a hard and protracted war, and at the same time pessimistic"The Theory of the Death of the Country"It brought confidence and let them know that the Chinese nation would surely win.
In the book "On Protracted War", he analyzed in detail China's advantages and disadvantages in the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression and put forward specific struggle strategies, including "widely mobilizing the people", "carrying out guerrilla warfare behind enemy lines", and "the unity of the army and the people is the key to victory".
History has proved that the analysis of the Chinese people is accurate, and the Chinese people finally won the victory of this war of resistance against Japan in the form of a protracted war.
The publication of "On Protracted War" made Japan understand China's way of winning, but in the end it still went to defeat, which fully proved its essence of "the first unsolvable conspiracy".
And the true essence of this work is to stand on the side of truth. **By discovering and summarizing the law of the development of things, the objective basis for China's victory in the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression after the protracted war was revealed, and this "yang conspiracy" reached the supremacy with the truth!
This article mainly focuses on the classic "yang conspiracy" in history, most of which are in the case of disparity in strength, the strong side to the weak side. For example, Wei's defeat stemmed from the ease with which Qi could threaten his core interests, while Emperor Wu of Han, Liu Che, was able to implement the "Tui'en Order", relying mostly on Emperor Jing to quell the rebellion of the Seven Kingdoms, greatly weakening the power of the princes.
Therefore, the implementation of the "Yang Scheme" is essentially because the emperor is in an absolute advantage in strength. However, if the party limited by the conspiracy is far superior in strength to the person who came out of the strategy, it can be "broken by force".
However, only "On Protracted War", at the beginning of the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, when the Japanese invaders were menacing and the war situation was swaying from side to side, he saw through the fog of the future with an extremely sharp vision and planned the future, which can be called the best "yang conspiracy" in the world.
Whether it is the military strategy in "On Protracted War", or historical allusions such as "encircling Wei to save Zhao", "two peaches killing three soldiers", or ancient political systems such as "Tui En Order", they all have high reference and learning value for modern people.
We should learn from the wisdom of our predecessors, but more importantly, we should apply this knowledge to practical life, so that the valuable experience of history will no longer be dusted. The ** of this information includes Sima Guang's "Zizhi Tongjian", * "On Protracted War" and "** Anthology", Sima Qian's "Historical Records", and "Yanzi Chunqiu" and other works.