Fruit trees are one of the most important agricultural products commonly found in vast fields, in front of and behind houses, and in yards, however, pests and diseases often threaten the healthy growth and harvest of fruit trees.
In order to protect fruit trees from pests and diseases, a variety of pesticides are used for control.
This article is written by Jiang Shaolong, a senior agronomist in Laocheng Township, Yuanmou County, to introduce some common pesticide measures for pest control of fruit tree diseases and pests, and to analyze their characteristics and scope of application in detail, so as to help fruit farmers better manage their fruit trees.
01, stone sulfur mixture: stone sulfur mixture, the main ingredient is calcium polysulfide. It is known for its ability to penetrate and erode the waxy layer of the epidermis of bacteria and pests.
After application, the stone sulfur mixture forms a film on the upper surface of cash crops and fruit trees, like a solid armor, protecting fruit trees from the invasion of germs.
It is suitable for spraying before or at the beginning of the onset of the plant. This agent can not only widely prevent and control a variety of fruit tree diseases, such as powdery mildew, scab, anthracnose, etc., but also has a certain control effect on some pests on fruit trees, such as red spiders, show ticks, scale insects, etc.
02, avermectin: avermectin, has a variety of trade names, such as zirmectin, Hisun insecticide, etc. It is a moderately toxic insecticide, acaricide, with contact killing and stomach toxicity, but no systemic effect.
The drug has strong permeability on the leaves, capable of killing pests under the epidermis of the leaves. However, it is important to note that it does not kill the eggs. Therefore, avermectin is very effective against larvae on fruit trees, adults of pest mites and nymite larvae.
However, it has a certain direct poisonous effect on bees and some beneficial insects, therefore, it cannot be used during the flowering period of fruit trees. At the same time, care should be taken to prevent contamination of water sources and to stop using them before harvesting.
03, imidacloprid: imidacloprid also has a variety of trade names, such as Yougaoqiao, Emilor, etc. It is a systemic spectral insecticide, which has a good control effect on aphids, leafhoppers, scale insects, bugs and other pests of stinging and sucking mouthparts.
However, it is important to note that imidacloprid is harmful to bees, so it should not be used during the flowering period and should also be discontinued 15-20 days before harvest.
04, acetamiprid: acetamiprid, has a variety of trade names, such as Mobile, Juan, etc. It has contact killing and stomach poisoning effects, and is very permeable on the body surface of the plant.
This agent is highly efficient, low toxicity and has a long duration of effect, and can effectively control all kinds of aphids, bugs, scale insects and leafhoppers on peach trees.
For peach aphids, peach aphids, mealy aphids and other pests, in the early stage, use 3% acetamiprid emulsifiable concentrate 1500 times + Jiamei gold point 1000 times liquid to spray evenly, but also control leafhoppers, bugs and scale insects at the same time.
05, larvaluramide: Larvaluramide has stomach toxicity and contact killing effect, although the insecticidal effect is relatively slow, it can prevent the normal peeling and development of pest larvae, and eventually lead to the deformity of the pest and death.
This agent is mainly used to control lepidopteran pests, such as leaf miners, yellow thorn moths, etc., among which leaf miners and apple leaf rollers are the most common.
06, fipronil: fipronil, also known as carcar, is an insecticide and acaricide, mainly by inhibiting the synthesis of chitin in the epidermis of insects to kill pests.
This agent mainly targets a variety of lepidopteran pests and mites on fruit trees, but it should be noted that in areas with high nectar plants and bee colonies, it is necessary to wait for the surface of the crop to dry completely after spraying before releasing bees.
07, chlorantraniliprole: chlorantraniliprole, such as Kangkuan and Odeteng and other trade names, is a slightly toxic and efficient new insecticide.
It is mainly gastric poisoning, and has a contact killing effect, especially suitable for the control of lepidopteran pests on peach trees, such as leaf miner moths, leaf curl hungry, heartworms, caterpillars, etc.
It is worth noting that the drug has a certain direct killing effect on bees, predators and parasitic natural enemies, so it should be avoided during the flowering period of fruit trees, as well as to prevent pollution of water sources. At the same time, it should be discontinued 20 days before the fruit is harvested.
08, cyhalothrin and chlorantraniliprole: This mixture includes cyhalothrin and chlorantraniliprole, which can expand the insecticidal spectrum and improve the rapidity and control effect. It can also delay the development of pest resistance, and can effectively control heartworms, leaf curl, peach borer, caterpillars and other pests on peach trees.
09, spiral ethyl ester: spiral ethyl ester, trade name Mu Wangte, is a new type of insecticide, acaricide. It has bidirectional systemic conductivity and can move up and down throughout the plant's body, reaching the foliage and bark.
This agent is highly effective and broad-spectrum, has a long duration of effect, and is effective in controlling various stinging and sucking mouthparts pests, such as aphids, leafhoppers, scale insects, green blind bugs, etc., and is relatively safe for ladybugs, aphid-eating flies and parasitic wasps.
10. Halodioxapyr: Halodioxapyr, such as Cleix and Tefoli, is a new type of systemic insecticide. It can be absorbed by leaves, stems and roots, has contact killing and stomach toxicity effects, is highly efficient and broad-spectrum, low toxicity, and has a long duration of effect.
It is suitable for the control of a variety of pests on fruit trees. However, it should be noted that the drug is toxic to bees, and in areas with frequent nectar plants and bee colonies, the bees should be released only after the chemical solution on the surface of the crop is completely dry.
11. Kung Fu Pyrethrin, Kung Fu Pyrethrin, also known as Kung Fu, is an insecticide of pyrethroids. It has the effect of contact killing, stomach poisoning, fast speed, and high ovicidal activity.
It is suitable for the control of most pests such as pear heartworm, leaf curl, spiny moth, caterpillar, tea-winged bug, green blind bug, aphid, scale insect and so on. It is moderately toxic to humans and animals, and relatively safe for fruit trees.
It should be noted that it is toxic to bees, it is forbidden to use it during the flowering period of fruit trees, do not pollute water sources, and should not be used many times in a row.
12. High-efficiency cypermethrin: high-efficiency cypermethrin, such as high indeliciation, annihilation and other trade names, contact killing and stomach toxicity, fast speed. It is suitable for the prevention and control of pear heartworms, leaf curl hungry, peach borers, caterpillars and other pests on peach trees.
13. Pyridoxin: Pyridoxin, such as pyridoxinone, tachydidone, pyridafen and other trade names, is a disc and contact mite. It has excellent killing effect on all stages of the growth of mites, with good quick-acting and long duration of effect.
This agent can be used to control a variety of plant pests, but the control effect on two-spotted leaf mites is poor. It should be noted that it is moderately toxic to mammals, low toxicity to birds, and high toxicity to fish, shrimp and bees.
Therefore, it should be forbidden to use it during the flowering period of fruit trees, and it should not pollute the water source.
14. Thiafenone: Thiafenone, such as Nisolone, Nifenone, Egg Confinement, Vebolone and other trade names, has strong eggicidal and juvenile mite activity, but is ineffective against adult mites.
The eggs laid by the female adults who come into contact with the liquid cannot hatch, and the killing speed of mites is slow, but the effective period is long. This agent is suitable for the control of hawthorn leaf mites and two-spotted leaf mites on pear trees, persimmon trees, peach trees, jujube trees, loquat trees, fig trees, apple trees, walnut trees. It is recommended to spray the whole tree evenly, especially the inner chamber of the canopy, within 7-10 days after the fruit tree has flowered.
15, **Tin: **Tin, such as Youbei Leba, **Ring Tin, Mites without a trace and other trade names, has a strong contact killing effect, can kill young mites, adult mites and summer eggs, but is ineffective for winter eggs.
This agent has a wide spectrum of acaricidal acarica, good quick action, long residual effect period, and can effectively control a variety of fruit tree pests. However, it should be noted that it should not be mixed with alkaline pesticides such as Bordeaux liquid and stone sulfur mixture, and the interval between use and Bordeaux liquid should be at least 10 days. In addition, it is toxic to fish, so do not pollute the water source when using it.
16. Spirodifen: Spirodifen, such as mite-endangered, mite-dangerous and other trade names, has a contact killing effect, and has a significant effect on many young mites, but has a poor direct killing effect on adult mites.
However, it can inhibit the breeding of female adult mites, with a long duration of effect, and can usually control pest mites for more than 40 days, but the effect is slow, usually within 3 to 7 days after the drug to achieve a high control effect. This agent has a good control effect on a variety of pest mites and is suitable for use in the early stage of pest mite occurrence.
It should be noted that the drug is toxic to bees and is forbidden to be used during the flowering period, and it is also necessary to avoid polluting water sources.
17. Bifenhydrazide: Bifenazide, such as Ikamite and other trade names, is a new type of acaricide, which is effective against all mite states.
It has good fast-acting effect, and pest mites quickly stop feeding after contact with the agent, and die within 48-72 hours. It is suitable for pest mites on fruit trees, and can be used in the early or peak stage of the disease, and evenly sprayed on the front and back of the leaves.
18. Zhongshengmycin: Zhongshengmycin, known as Kejiakang, is a protective biological fungicide, with contact killing and osmotic effects. It can prevent and control a variety of bacterial and fungal diseases of fruit trees, such as bacterial perforation and scab of trees.
In the early stage of the disease, 3% Zhongshengmycin wettable powder was evenly sprayed on the branches, leaves and fruits.
19. Carbendazim: Carbendazim is a high-efficiency, broad-spectrum, systemic fungicide with protective and advanced effects. It can be used for foliar spray, seed treatment and soil treatment, etc.
It can effectively prevent and control fruit tree brown rot, anthracnose, scab, perforation and other diseases. Use up to 3 times a year and stop using 20 days before fruit harvest.
20. Thioophanate-methyl: Thiopanhanate-methyl, also known as methyl tobuzin, is a broad-spectrum systemic fungicide with preventive and ** effects.
It can prevent and control fungal diseases of peach trees, such as peach brown rot, anthracnose, scab, root rot, etc. Please note that discontinue use 14 days prior to harvest.
21. Difenoconazole: Difenoconazole, such as oxaetherazole, dichotodan and other trade names, is a broad-spectrum systemic fungicide, fast-acting and has protective and first-class effects.
It is suitable for the prevention and control of fruit tree brown rot, scab, anthracnose, fruit tree branch blight and other diseases. It should be noted that mixing with alkaline and acidic pesticides should be avoided.
22. Chloramphenicol: Chloramphenicol, such as Caofu, Caofusheng and other trade names, is a broad-spectrum systemic fungicide, which is used to prevent and control a variety of fungal diseases of peach trees, such as peach brown rot, scab, perforation, etc.
These are some of the commonly used pest control agents for fruit trees, but please note that the choice of pesticide should be based on the specific pest situation, season and fruit tree variety.
When using these agents, it is important to follow the product instructions and safety regulations to ensure the health of the fruit trees and the quality of the produce.
In addition, reasonable crop rotation and ecological balance measures should also be incorporated into fruit tree pest control strategies to reduce dependence on pesticides and protect the environment, by Jiang Shaolong.