year, Pakistan and Railway are in danger, and ** help
In 1965, Pakistan was in critical danger when it was attacked by India. At this critical juncture, China sided with Pakistan and issued an ultimatum to India, allowing Pakistan to turn the corner.
So why did China intervene in the Indo-Pakistani war? What contributions have you made to the development of relations between China and Pakistan? Let's dive into the story behind this war.
The question of Kashmir's ownership has sparked the conflict between India and Pakistan. In 1947, in order to resolve the long-standing religious conflict in British India, the British assisted in the partition of India and Pakistan, and according to the Mountbatten Plan, the areas with a large Hindu population were assigned to India and the areas with a large Muslim population were assigned to Pakistan.
In Kashmir, where Muslims make up 77 percent, they are inclined to belong to Pakistan, while Hindus are more inclined to India. Due to the influence of the local princely kings, the question of the ownership of Kashmir has been unresolved.
As early as 1947, India and Pakistan clashed over the ownership of Kashmir, leading to the outbreak of the First Indo-Pakistani War. After more than a year of war, the war was finally quelled with the mediation of the United Nations. ”
Far from being fundamentally resolved, the conflict between the two countries has deepened their mutual hatred, and both sides have refused to withdraw their troops from Kashmir, setting the stage for future wars.
In order to confront a powerful India, Pakistan has chosen to rely on the United States. From 1953 to 1962, Pakistan followed closely with the United States, but as the international situation changed, the United States began to turn to support India in order to balance China.
With the deterioration of relations between India and Pakistan, Pakistan has found itself in an awkward situation and must look for new foreign aid. In this context, China, which is at odds with India, has naturally become Pakistan's preferred partner.
The border dispute between the two countries originated in 1951 as an Indian provocation, then gradually deteriorated relations between the two countries, and escalated into a military conflict in 1959. Against this background, Pakistan expressed its friendly attitude toward China by voting in favour of the proposal on the restoration of China's legitimate rights at the United Nations General Assembly on December 16, 1961, based on the principle that the enemy of the enemy is a friend.
From this vote, the Chinese leaders saw the door to the success of China-Pakistan friendship. In addition, Pakistan voluntarily returned 5,800 square kilometers of land in China's Karakoram Corridor in 1963, which is the largest territory restored by the People's Republic of China through negotiations to date.
Since then, the relations between the two countries have reached a new level. In response, the following year, Marshal **and** visited at the invitation of the Pakistani side. During the visit, ** made it clear that "China-Pakistan relations are not a whim, but stem from the real needs of our two countries."
When one side is subjected to external threats and aggression, this relationship will withstand any test. ”
In August 1965, the second war between India and Pakistan broke out, Pakistan was on the verge of extinction, at a critical moment, China reached out to help Pakistan achieve a Jedi counterattack, the results of the Indo-Pakistan war verified the best words, China and Pakistan established a deep friendship, once again proved that China is a responsible power.
In August 1965, the border clash between India and Pakistan broke out, and Pakistan pushed the Indian army back 30 kilometers with its powerful firepower. However, in order to prevent the escalation of the war, the Pakistani commander ordered the army to stop the pursuit.
However, the words of the Indian interior minister that day deliberately provoked the anger of Pakistan, claiming that Kashmir will always belong to India. This sentence undoubtedly touched Pakistan's bottom line and led to a further escalation of the Indo-Pakistani war.
Before the battle between the two sides, let's first understand the comparison of the military strength of the two sides.
In the 1965 South Asian War, Pakistan and India had great military power. Pakistan has a population of 90 million, 200,000 soldiers, more than 700 tanks and 150 warplanes, although India is in an advantage in terms of the number of soldiers and air power, but Pakistan also receives assistance from the United States, including 400 Patton tanks and a large number of millimeter howitzers, which are more powerful than India's Sherman and Centurion tanks.
Despite the superiority of the Indian army in the number of soldiers and air power, Pakistan still has a solid defense.
In Pakistan, the Air Force has 14 F-104s"Stars"fighter jets and 100 F86s"Sabre"Jet fighters, these fighters far surpass India in terms of combat performance.
Relying on its superiority in equipment, the Pakistani army has successfully occupied about 500 square kilometers of Indian-administered Kashmir. Despite this, the Pakistani top brass does not want to provoke a large-scale war, and their goal is only to get India to compromise on the Kashmir issue.
However, the Pakistani offensive attracted the attention of India, and they began to mobilize heavy forces in preparation for the opening of a new battlefield within Pakistan.
In the early hours of September 6, India launched a surprise attack on Lahore, Pakistan's largest industrial city, and Pakistani troops were unprepared and forced to retreat to the Yakel Canal.
The Yakore Canal is Lahore's last line of defence, and if this line is breached, Pakistan's hinterland will be undefendable, and Pakistan may be in danger of extinction.
At this critical juncture, Pakistan turned to the United States for help, and the United States was maintaining good relations with India and Pakistan at this time. However, the United States decided to stop providing ** and ammunition support to Pakistan and India, considering that India can help contain China and has greater use value.
However, this ostensible neutrality is actually a bias, since Pakistan's ** is almost entirely American equipment and uses ammunition supplied by the United States.
Without the support of the United States, Pakistan's ** and ammunition can only maintain a firepower superiority for a dozen days. Once the advantage is gone, Pakistan will not be able to withstand the Indian army.
The U.S. approach is a clear indication that they have abandoned Pakistan as an ally. After being abandoned by the United States, Pakistan began to seek assistance from the international community, however, all requests were denied.
India has begun a large-scale offensive against Pakistan proper, and the Pakistani army has engaged in fierce fighting with the Indian army, however, the situation has become increasingly unfavorable for Pakistan as time goes on.
On September 7, the Indian army penetrated deep into the heart of Pakistan and cornered the Pakistani army, where the Pakistani army could only fight a decisive battle. Isolated and helpless, Pakistani Prime Minister Ayub turned to China for help, hoping to get help to help them get out of their predicament.
However, the massive invasion of the Indian army put Pakistan in a difficult situation, and they appealed to the United States for help, but were ruthlessly abandoned. With the refusal of the international community, the Pakistani prime minister can only turn to China for help.
Faced with this situation, China decided to extend a helping hand to Pakistan.
On September 16, China submitted documents to India and Pakistan respectively, in response to the Sino-Indian border conflict, China clearly demanded that India immediately stop all acts of aggression, release the detained Chinese border residents and return the stolen livestock, and at the same time promised not to cross the border to harass, otherwise it will bear all the serious consequences.
With regard to the India-Pakistan war, China has taken a firm stand, pointing out that it was a naked war of aggression that not only undermined the international peace situation, but also seriously undermined peace in the Asian region.
We call on India and Pakistan to resolve disputes through dialogue and negotiation and jointly maintain regional peace and stability.
China will fully support Pakistan in its full solidarity with its actions against the aggressor. ** The international community has also made it clear that India's aggression has posed a serious threat to the situation in Asia, and China will not sit idly by.
In a military adventure, India was supported by the United States. In order to make China's position clear, China issued an ultimatum to India on September 19, 1965, demanding that they demolish all the fortifications on the Chinese side by midnight.
But *** thinks that the time of the day is too rushed, India cannot do it in such a short time, and that doing so will not be sympathetic to the countries and the Indian people.
Therefore, it is proposed to extend the time limit to 3 days to ensure that India has sufficient time to dismantle all the invading fortifications.
**The President's speech was like thunder, shaking the world, especially the 72-hour time limit, which triggered a strong response and was hailed by the international community as a powerful warning from China.
When China first took a stand, the international community was still watching, but when the chairman of the world stood up, it became clear to the world that if India did not do what he demanded, the squadron could set foot on Indian territory again.
Faced with this threat, India panicked and began to urgently deploy personnel, working overtime to dismantle military fortifications on the Chinese side of the Sino-Tibetan border. The United States, the Soviet Union and other major powers also changed their previous wait-and-see attitude and immediately intervened to prevent further escalation.
After the major powers withdrew, the United Nations finally began to intervene in the situation between India and Pakistan on September 20. On 23 September, both India and Pakistan declared a comprehensive ceasefire and accepted the mediation of the United Nations.
In January 1966, under the mediation of the Soviet Union and other countries, India and Pakistan agreed to return to the area under their actual control before August 65, and the second war between India and Pakistan officially ended.
China's intervention has enabled Pakistan to extricate itself from the crisis of national ruin, demonstrating the responsibility and demeanor of a major country. Pakistan, which has long been under the influence of US imperialism, has since established a close partnership with China, supporting each other in the international arena, achieving win-win cooperation and always uniting as one.
In the 90s of the last century, the world pattern underwent earth-shaking changes, but the friendship between China and Pakistan was as indestructible as steel, and not only was it not affected, but in the new century, the relations between the two countries were further sublimated and became all-round cooperative partners.
Nowadays, we affectionately refer to Pakistan as:"Pakistan Rail"This name is a symbol of the deep friendship between the two countries.