Classical Chinese Reading (5 questions, 20 marks).
Material 1:
Taizong set the world with heroism, but his heavenly posture was benevolent and angry. At the beginning of his accession to the throne, there were those who persuaded the world to threaten, but Wei Zheng thought that it was impossible, because the king was based on benevolence, and Taizong gladly accepted it, so he ruled the world with leniency and benevolence, and was especially cautious in criminal law. In four years, twenty-nine people were sentenced to death. In six years, 390 prisoners were recorded in person, and 390 people were sentenced to death in the autumn of next year. and the period, the prisoners are all in the court, there is no latter, Taizong Jiaqi integrity, all the original. However, the ministers said: "I heard the saying: 'When you are a year old, you will die, and a good person will be dumb. I have those who have not been forgiven in the world, and I do not want to tempt the people to be spared. "Since Fang Xuanling and other laws, orders, grids, and formulas, they have been used for generations, and they have not changed.
Excerpt from "New Tang Dynasty Books: Criminal Law Chronicles").
Material 2:
Faith and righteousness are done to the gentleman, and torture is inflicted on the villain. It is a great sin to punish the dead, especially for villains. It is better to die with righteousness than to survive, and to regard death as home, which is especially difficult for a gentleman. In the sixth year of Taizong of the Tang Dynasty, more than 300 people were imprisoned, and even if they returned home, they were asked to die if they returned home. It is difficult for a gentleman, but easy for a villain. Isn't this close to human affection?
Or say: The sin is great, the villain is extremely sincere, and the kindness can be changed into a gentleman. Geynde is deep in people, and the speed of moving people is like that. Said: Taizong is for this, so he asks for this name. Even if An Zhifu goes, he doesn't mean that he will come to avoid it, so even if he does? And An Zhifu was indulged in and gone, and he didn't want to return and be spared, so he came back? The husband will come and indulge it, which is the love of the thief and the thief; The intention is to avoid it and come back, and it is the heart of the thief. I see that the top and bottom are thieves in this name, and there is no so-called benevolence and husband who knows faith? Otherwise, Taizong's virtue in the world, Yu Zi for six years, can not make the villain not a great evil, and the grace of one day can make death as home, and keep faith. This is also a nonsense!
But what is the purpose? Said: If you come and return, you will not be forgiven; And if you indulge it and come again, you can know that it is the result of kindness. But there must be nothing to do. If the husband comes and forgives him, he can do it occasionally. If it is done repeatedly, the murderer will not die. Is it the common law of the world? What is the law of the saints who cannot be ordinary? It is the rule of Yao, Shun and the three kings, and it must be based on human feelings, not to be different, not to be disagreeable, and not to be rebellious.
Excerpt from Ouyang Xiu's "Theory of Imprisonment").
1.There are three places where the wavy line of material 2 needs to be broken, please use a pencil to black out the answer number in the corresponding position on the answer sheet, 1 point will be given for each correct place, and no points will be given for more than three blackouts. (3 points).
The great sin is a pole b sincerity c a villain d and grace e advent f can make g become h and become a gentleman.
2.The following explanation of the punctuated words and related content in the material is incorrect (3 points).
a.Prisoners are recorded, and the emperor or a higher judicial organ interrogates and reviews the prisoner's crimes, so as to redress unjust cases and relieve the prisoners.
b.Gou, Gou and, and the "Gou" in "Ten Thoughts of Emperor Taizong" in "Gou is free and not benevolent" has the same meaning.
c.Thief, harm, and the meaning of "thief" in "Everyone Has an Unbearable Heart" in "The Thief and the Monarch".
d.Wu, as a question word in the text, He, ** has a different meaning from the "Wu" in the idiom "rabble".
3. The following summary of the relevant content of forest materials, the incorrect one is (3 points).
a.Tang Taizong agreed with Wei Zheng's concept of royal government, was generous and benevolent, and used punishment with extreme caution, so there was a good story that very few people were sentenced to death in Zhenguan's four years and Zhenguan returned home in six years.
b.It is difficult for even a gentleman who abides by his faith to do it, but those villains who were sentenced to death did it easily, and Ouyang Xiu thought that this kind of affection was inhumane.
c.Material 2 argues that although Taizong's six years of administration failed to prevent the wicked from committing serious crimes, the act of arson and imprisonment has influenced them and made them regain their faith, which reflects the effectiveness of Taizong's benevolence.
d.For the returning prisoners, the occasional pardon would show the emperor's kindness, but if it was done many times, the murderer would not be punished as he deserved, and it would be contrary to the common law of the saints.
4.Translate the underlined sentences into modern Chinese. (8 points).
1) In time, the prisoners are all in the court, without the latter, Taizong Jiaqi is honest and knows the original.
2) It is the rule of Yao, Shun and the three kings, and it must be based on human feelings, do not stand out from the other, and do not go against the feelings to dry the reputation.
5.Regarding the matter of "Taizong's arson", are the attitudes of material 1 and material 2 the same? Please provide a brief explanation. (3 points).
Cf. ***
1.(3 points) BDF (punctuation of the original sentence: the crime is extremely evil, and the sincerity is villainous; and grace to come, so that you can become a gentleman. ）
2.(3 points) c (thief, used as a verb in the text, plagiarism, acting privately, by extension, snooping. It is different from the meaning of "thief" in "Everyone Has an Unbearable Heart". ）
3.(3 points)c( "Although Taizong's six years of rule failed to keep the wicked from committing serious crimes, the act of arson and imprisonment influenced them and restored their faith" is the absurdity that the author criticizes, not "this move reflects the effectiveness of Taizong's benevolence".
4.(8 points).
1) When the time limit was reached, all the prisoners came to the court, and if they did not return late, Taizong praised them for their honesty and trustworthiness, and all of them were pardoned.
2 points for translating the general idea; "诣" (to) and "after" (late arrival, late return) are two places, and 1 point is given for each translation.
2) Therefore, when Yao, Shun and the Three Kings govern the world, they must show nobility according to human feelings, do not stand out from the crowd, and do not seek fame against human feelings.
2 points for translating the general idea; "Yes" (therefore, therefore) and "dry" (seeking, fishing, selling) are two places, and 1 point is given for each translation.
Note: "Keywords" and "Meaning" do not deduct points repeatedly; "Keywords" can also be translated as synonyms; The translation of "key words" is strict, and the translation of "general meaning" is lenient.
5.(3 points) is different. Material 1 has a positive attitude, believing that this is a typical case of Taizong's leniency and benevolence in ruling the world. Material 2 is critical, believing that this is a means for Taizong to seek a good name, which is not in line with the common law of saints.
1 point is awarded for each point answered, and 3 points are awarded for two points. The meaning is correct. If there are other answers, points can be given as appropriate. ）
Reference translation of the attached text:
Material 1:
Tang Taizong relied on his bravery to calm the world, but he was benevolent and tolerant by nature. When he first ascended the throne of the emperor, some people advised him to use strict criminal law to clean up the world, Wei Zheng thought that it was not possible, and took the opportunity to show Taizong that the royal road should be based on benevolence and kindness, and Taizong gladly adopted his advice, so he used leniency and benevolence to govern the world, but he was particularly cautious in criminal law. In the four years of Zhenguan, only 29 people were sentenced to death. In the sixth year of Zhenguan, Taizong personally interrogated the prisoners, sympathized with 390 prisoners who had committed capital crimes, let them go home, and agreed to return the following autumn to receive punishment; When the time limit came, the prisoners all came to the court, and if they were not late, Taizong praised them for their honesty and trustworthiness, and all of them were pardoned. However, Taizong once said to his ministers: "I have heard the old saying: 'Twice a year, the prisoners are pardoned, and the good ones no longer express their opinions.'" 'I have not pardoned criminals many times since I had the world, because I don't want to induce people to be lucky about breaking the law.' Since Fang Xuanling and others revised the laws, orders, grids, and formulas, there have been no changes and modifications in the entire Taizong period.
Material 2:
Speak of faith to the gentleman, and punish the villain. The punishment of capital is the greatest sin, and this is the most serious of the villains. It is especially difficult for a gentleman to die for the sake of faith rather than to steal his life and regard death as if he were going home. When Emperor Taizong of the Tang Dynasty was in the sixth year of his reign, he interrogated more than 300 prisoners who had committed capital crimes, released them and sent them home, and appointed a time for them to return to accept the death penalty themselves. This is something that is difficult to do with a gentleman, and I hope that the worst villain will do it. When the deadline was reached, the prisoners eventually returned on their own, but none of them came back late. This is something that is difficult for a gentleman to do, but a villain can easily do it. Is this close to human affection?
Some people say: The sin is extremely evil, and it is indeed a villain; But wait until kindness is applied to him, and you can make him a gentleman. Because kindness is deeply rooted in people's hearts and can change people very quickly, there are situations like this. I said, "Tang Taizong did this as a means for him to gain this reputation." "* Did you release the prisoners because they did not expect that they would come back in the hope of forgiveness? And ** know that the prisoners who have been released back do not expect that they will be pardoned when they return, so they come back? It was expected that the prisoners would return before they were released, which was the affection of the above; It is expected that the above must pardon them before coming back, and this is the mind of the above. I've only seen the top and the bottom figure out each other to create this reputation, and what is there to be kindness and faithfulness? If this is not the case, then Tang Taizong has been giving kindness to the world, and it has been six years by this time, and it is not possible to prevent the villain from doing the most evil things; However, one day's kindness can make them look at death as if they were at home and preserve their faith, which is another unreasonable theory.
In that case, what should be done? I said, "Let them be released and come back, and kill them without forgiveness; Then they released another batch, and they came back, so that they could know that it was the work of kindness. But that's not going to happen. As for the release and the ability to automatically return and be pardoned, it can only be tried by chance. If this is done repeatedly, then none of the murderers will die. Can this be the law that prevails in the world? If it cannot be the law of the saints, is it the law of the saints? Therefore, when Yao, Shun and the three kings ruled the world, they must show nobility according to human feelings, do not stand out from the crowd, and do not seek fame by betraying human feelings.