Effect of microbial agents on plant pest and disease control.
With the increasing attention to the concept of green, organic and environmental protection, biological control technology is more and more widely used in the field of plant pest control. Among them, as a biological control method, microbial agents have received extensive attention because of their advantages such as environmental friendliness and remarkable control effect. This article will provide an in-depth review of the effectiveness of microbial agents in plant pest control.
1. Mechanism of action of microbial agents.
Fungal agents mainly control plant diseases and pests through the following aspects:
1.Antagonism: Some microorganisms produce metabolites with antibacterial effects during metabolism, which can inhibit or kill the growth and reproduction of pathogenic bacteria, thereby reducing the incidence of diseases.
2.Competition: Some microbial agents can compete with pathogenic bacteria for living space, nutrients and other resources, thereby reducing the reproduction rate and infection ability of pathogenic bacteria.
3.Induce resistance: Some microbial agents can induce plants to produce resistance responses, improve the plant's own disease resistance, and thus reduce the occurrence and harm of diseases.
4.Promote growth: Some fungal agents can secrete active substances such as plant growth hormone to promote the growth and development of plants and improve the stress resistance of plants.
2. Types and applications of microbial agents.
At present, the common microbial agents on the market mainly include bacteria, fungi and actinomycetes. These agents play an important role in plant pest and disease control.
1.Bacterial agents: Common bacterial agents mainly include Pseudomonas, Bacillus, etc., which can secrete antibacterial substances and inhibit the growth and reproduction of pathogenic bacteria. For example, Bacillus subtilis has a good control effect on tomato gray mold.
2.Fungal agents: Common fungal agents include Trichoderma, Penicillium lavender, etc., which can antagonize pathogenic bacteria by parasitism, competition and other means. For example, Trichoderma has a good control effect on cucumber wilt.
3.Actinomycetes: Actinomycetes are microorganisms that can produce a large number of metabolites, and their agents mainly include Streptomyces. Actinomycetes have a strong antagonistic effect on pathogenic bacteria in the soil, which can reduce the incidence of soil-borne diseases. For example, Streptomyces has a good control effect on cotton Verticillium wilt.
In practical application, the appropriate microbial agent can be selected for control according to different plants and different pests and diseases. At the same time, in order to improve the control effect, the microbial agent can also be used in combination with other biological control methods such as natural enemies, insects, antibiotics, etc.
3. Advantages and limitations of microbial agents.
1.Pros:
1) Environmentally friendly: The microbial agent will not pollute the environment in the process of preventing and controlling pests and diseases, which is in line with the concept of green, organic and environmental protection.
2) Good control effect: Compared with traditional control methods such as chemical pesticides, the control effect of bacterial agents is more significant, which can effectively reduce the incidence and degree of harm of pests and diseases.
3) Promote plant growth: Some fungal agents can promote the growth and development of plants and improve the stress resistance of plants.
2.Limitations:
1) Greatly affected by environmental conditions: The effect of microbial agents is greatly affected by environmental factors such as temperature, humidity, and light, and the best control effect can only be exerted under suitable environmental conditions.
2) Longer effective period: Compared with chemical pesticides and other fast-acting control methods, bacterial agents have a longer effective period, and it takes a certain amount of time to exert the best control effect.
3) High cost: At present, the microbial agents on the market are relatively high, which may increase the cost of prevention and control.
IV. Prospects and Conclusions.
With people's in-depth understanding of the concept of green, organic and environmental protection, as well as the continuous development of biotechnology, fungal agents, as a biological control method with the advantages of environmental friendliness and remarkable control effect, will play an increasingly important role in the field of plant pest control. In the future, we should further study the mechanism of action and the selection of types of fungi, improve their control effects and reduce costs, and provide more effective means for plant pest control.