China's new energy industry has broad development prospects, and the national planning content emphasizes the safety of development on the basis of focusing on development, and incorporates carbon emissions into the task of ecological environment construction and protectionClarify carbon reduction targets and emphasize the vigorous development of new energy.
However, at the same time, some new energy enterprises are affected by many factors, with tight cash flow and difficulties in production and operation; In order to solve this dilemma, both internal and external enterprises need to seek effective solutions: the state proposes to guide the increase of financial supportPromote the healthy and orderly development of the new energy industry
Under the guidance and support of external policies, China's new energy enterprises should also explore effective methods in combination with their own developmentThe combination of industry and finance has become one of the main measures for China's new energy enterprises to cast the city wall by virtue of its model advantages.
In the second decade of the 21st century, the road to global economic recovery has encountered many obstacles; Growth has been sluggish in most advanced economies, and the development of large emerging economies has turned into key to recovery. However, in the past year, uncertainties such as global public health security challenges, the war between Saudi Arabia and Russia, national instability, friction, geopolitical contradictions, and anti-globalization are still hindering the recovery momentum of the global economy.
This paper focuses on the efficiency of China's new energy enterprises in implementing the strategy of combining industry and finance, and provides a benchmark for enterprises in the industry through scientific measurement of the efficiency of integration of industry and financeContribute to the optimization of the structure and efficiency of the entire new energy industry.
The concept of "new energy" is relative to "conventional energy". Among them, "conventional energy" refers to the use of technically mature and commonly used energy, including renewable hydropower resources in primary energy and non-renewable coal, oil, natural gas and other resources.
The energy sources that have recently been used or are being developed are called "new energy", including solar, wind, geothermal, ocean, biomass, hydrogen energy, and nuclear fuel for nuclear power generation.
Most of the new energy sources are renewable energy, which are rich in resources and widely distributed, but their energy density is small, or intermittent, or the grade is low, and the economy of transformation and utilization according to existing technologies is poor; At present, it is still in the research and development stage.
It is clear that based on the unavoidable defects of conventional energy and the innate advantages of new energy, the development of new energy and innovative and mature new energy technologies is an inevitable trend in the future development of the energy field, and countries around the world have joined the ranks.
In the second half of the 20th century, new energy technologies in the United States sprouted at the same time as emerging technologies such as information and electronics. Since George W. Bush, the United States has incorporated the strategy of new energy as the core into its future strategic industrial planning.
Since then, the United States has actively adopted a variety of means to promote the development of the country's new energy industry, and its industrial and technological advantages have gradually emerged and stabilized, becoming a major country in clean energy and new energy research and development; The U.S. is one of the world's leading renewable energy markets.
Increasing investment and technology research and development will accelerate the development of clean energy in the United States to achieve the goal of 100% clean energy and net-zero emissions, and photovoltaic, wind power, and wind energy are expected to benefit significantly as the main clean energy generation methods.
In 1997, the European Union enacted the Renewable Energy Development (REE)*** and has been working to advance the process of addressing climate change.
In terms of the use of new energy, all countries have invested a lot of resources, innovation and optimization of the energy pattern, after long-term experience accumulation and concept training, Europe's achievements in the field of new energy have been in the forefront of the world, and in the EU's climate control strategy, the new energy development strategy occupies an important position.
Faced with the reality of extreme scarcity of energy resources, Japan has promulgated and implemented a series of energy-related policies and regulations to achieve "open source" and "cost reduction": on the one hand, it actively promotes the development and utilization of new energy, and on the other hand, vigorously develops energy-saving technologies and their applications.
Since then, China has accelerated the development of new energy to a strategic level, and has introduced a series of policies and regulations since 2009The state's policy support for energy conservation and new energy is unprecedented.
Compared with developed countries such as Europe, Japan and South Korea, China's announced carbon neutrality is 10 years later, but the developed countries in Europe and the United States are between 40 and 60 years more than China from the peak of carbon emissions to the promised carbon neutrality, and the time for carbon neutrality for 30 years is undoubtedly China's task will be more urgentThere will be even greater challenges.
Financing refers to the conscious control of industrial capital by financial assets, but this control is not purely shareholding.
On the whole, the characteristics of permeability, complementarity, portfolio optimization, high efficiency and two-way selectivity are the main characteristics and advantages of the industry-finance integration model, but enterprises in various countries and regions choose different industry-finance integration models, after combining the economic and institutional environment where the enterprises are locatedThe pattern will present different specific advantages and disadvantages.
The focus is first placed on the developed countries, and the integration of industry and finance in the developed countries has entered the stage of comprehensive deepening after a relatively long and bumpy stage of exploration and free integration.
The integration model of industry and finance in developed countries is mainly divided into: the "market-oriented" model represented by the United States and the United Kingdom, and the "bank-led" model represented by Japan and Germany; The causes of the initial stage of the two models are different, and the nature of the influencing factors in the development process is different, and finally the advantages and disadvantages with distinctive characteristics are formed.
The success of the market-oriented industry-finance integration model mainly depends on the financial management policy of the United States, and the change of the system is an important cause of the gradual change of the industry-finance integration model in the United States.
Under this model, financial innovation continues to emerge, financial institution innovation and financial business innovation are developed simultaneously, and market efficiency has undoubtedly been significantly improved in the fierce competition, but at the same time, it has also accumulated more risks and hidden dangers, and the stability of the financial market has been threatened.
The emergence of the bank-led mode of integration of industry and finance is closely related to the formation of monopoly capital in Japan, and the Japanese chaebol gradually unfolds monopoly management and forms monopoly capital in the process of capitalism germination, and the initial chaebol gradually evolves into a new type of monopoly consortium, and several major Japanese consortia hold shares with each other to form a closed loop.
Among them, the "core bank" becomes the link of its relationship; The "bank-led" model is conducive to the implementation of industrial policiesIt provides a good conduction mechanism for macroeconomic control
At the same time, this model reduces the transaction cost of enterprises through internalized market behavior, and produces "synergy effects" through the synergy between human resources and finance, but the close bank-enterprise relationship will also generate systemic risks and hinder the growth and expansion of emerging industries.
Green finance refers to economic activities that support environmental improvement, climate change and resource conservation and efficient use, that is, environmental protection, energy conservation, clean energy, green transportation, etcFinancial services provided by project investment and financing, project operation, risk management and other fields in the field of green buildings.
Innovate financial products related to concepts such as green environmental protection, new energy, and carbon emissions, so as to achieve the cooperative relationship between the industry and the financial industry to achieve the goal of carbon neutrality.
The R&D and application of green technology is also the power source for the development of the entire energy industry, and there is a non-negligible relationship between the innovation of enterprise technology and the combination of industry and finance: the combination of industry and finance is conducive to the improvement of the quantity of technological innovation and the leap in the quality of innovation.
Small and medium-sized enterprises located in areas with relatively underdeveloped financial development will have a more significant technological innovation effect if they choose to participate in non-listed banksThe resulting technological innovations will further improve the operational efficiency of the enterprise.
It can be seen that there is a non-negligible connection between the combination of industry and finance and the technological innovation of enterprises, and technological innovation is one of the main driving forces for the development of enterprises, especially for new energy enterprises.
However, with the deepening of the green development strategy, the externalities brought about by carbon emissions are gradually becoming apparent, such as the gradual implementation of green financial incentive policiesEquity investment in green technology-related industries will be substantial**
Of course, in order to promote the development of the situation, the construction of the green financial system platform must be completed with the help of the power of enterprises, enterprises and financeIn order to help the transformation and development of China's energy industry in an all-round way.
When the capital accumulation and business strength of the enterprise develop to a certain extent, the diversification of operation and the moderate virtualization of capital have become the development and innovation direction of many powerful enterprises.
Because this can make the capital operation mode of the enterprise more diversified and the operational efficiency more efficient, so in such a stage, the combination of industry and finance will definitely become the choice of excellent enterprisesThe combination of industry and finance will become a trend.
This will link industrial capital and financial capital from the aspects of capital, credit relations, and the process of industrialization and so on, so that the two sides can further reach a better balance point on issues such as information symmetry and transaction costs, thereby contributing to the formation of economies of scale for enterprises.
The new energy industry is in the national key strategic neighborhood, and the healthy development of new energy-related enterprises will affect the structural optimization of the entire industry. Therefore, in China's new energy industry, the efficiency of enterprises in implementing the strategy of combining industry and finance.
Through the scientific calculation of the efficiency of the combination of industry and finance, it provides a benchmark for enterprises in the industry, and the individual enterprises continue to improve their own business strategic deployment, so as to promote the structure and efficiency optimization of the entire new energy industry.