daysLayout determines the fate of China
On August 15, 1945, in the cave in Yan'an, ** was concentrating on writing page after page. Suddenly, one of the guards galloped into the cave, holding a telegram in his hand, and his face was filled with extraordinary excitement.
** Noticing the mood of the guards, I had already guessed a few points in my heart, and took the telegram and looked at it, only to see Emperor Hirohito of Japan announcing to China, the United States, Britain, the Soviet Union and other countries that he would accept the Potsdam Agreement and surrender unconditionally.
As early as August 10, he learned of the imminent surrender of Japan, but when the moment really came, he still couldn't suppress the joy in his heart. However, the excitement did not last long, and was replaced by a deep melancholy ......At this moment, ** looked at the plan on the desk, and I didn't know whether the five deployments from August 10 to this moment were feasible for the victory of ......the Anti-Japanese WarWhen he learned the news of Japan's imminent surrender, ** locked himself in a cave in Zaoyuan, where he had to come up with countermeasures to deal with the Kuomintang's post-war counterattack.
Finally on August 15, the day of Japan's surrender, ** walked out of the cave with his own five-point plan deployment. So what exactly are these five solutions?
What impact will they have on the situation in China going forward?
In Zaoyuan, ** faced the dilemma of dispersion and concentration of troops, and confrontation with the well-equipped Japanese army. The army of our party was in shabby equipment, and even some fighters did not have guns.
However, with the experience of negotiating with the Kuomintang troops, we decided to adopt the 16-character principle of "the enemy advances and retreats, the enemy is stationed and we disturb, the enemy is tired and we fight, and the enemy retreats and we pursue" to confront the powerful Japanese army.
The essence of guerrilla tactics lies in dispersed and skirmished battles, and only in this way can the advantages of guerrilla warfare be maximized.
From then on, our Party split the Eighth Route Army and the New Fourth Army under its command into small units and used guerrilla tactics against the Japanese army. As the War of Resistance Against Japan progressed, the advantages of this tactic gradually emerged.
On the one hand, our troops can avoid the main Japanese forces and harass them deep behind enemy lines, so that the Japanese troops on the front line cannot go all out. On the other hand, these small units were also able to unite with the local people to establish anti-Japanese base areas and give full play to the strength of the masses.
However, as the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression drew to a close, the shortcomings of guerrilla tactics were gradually exposed. Because the Japanese army and the puppet army at this time no longer had the will to fight, they preferred to hide in their strongholds rather than go out to sweep, because going out means sending them to death.
The role of guerrilla warfare was mainly played when the enemy was marching, and the effect was very limited for the Japanese troops who were holding their strongholds.
According to the instructions of ***, the various units were quickly integrated and concentrated superior forces to deliver annihilating strikes against the Japanese army. This decision not only improved the combat efficiency of our army against the Japanese army, but also after the victory of the Anti-Japanese War, we captured a large number of Japanese military equipment, which enhanced the overall strength of our army.
In addition, by defeating the Japanese strongholds, the base areas of our troops behind enemy lines began to be connected with each other, forming large-scale base areas. During the period when the Kuomintang and the Communist Party cooperated to resist Japan, Chiang Kai-shek exposed his wolf ambitions.
During the negotiations, he tried to annex the Eighth Route Army, but his plan repeatedly failed due to the resourceful mediation of the CCP leaders. On this basis, we also created an army called the New Fourth Army.
Chiang Kai-shek, however, was careful about the expansion of friendly forces. In 1941, the Kuomintang brazenly launched the Southern Anhui Incident, which led to heavy losses for the New Fourth Army, and only about 2,000 people remained.
This incident made the leaders of the Communist Party of China completely see Chiang Kai-shek's ugly face, and also realized that once the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression ended, he would definitely go to war with us. In response to Chiang Kai-shek's inevitable act of starting a civil war, he put forward a strategic plan to change his thinking.
He stressed that the whole party and the whole army should not leave Chiang Kai-shek to chance, but should recognize his cunning side.
He explained to the soldiers and democrats of the army the possibility of a peaceful solution to the civil war, but stressed that for warlords like Chiang Kai-shek, the best way to stop it was to fight back resolutely.
At the same time, three specific countermeasures were elaborated on the first is to resolutely oppose Chiang Kai-shek's threats and provocations, including ** equipment, and not to make the mistake of cooperation again.
Second, it is necessary to resolutely defend the base areas, because this has been built by many comrades with their lives, and they cannot be easily abandoned. Third, we must always be vigilant, not be confused by Chiang Kai-shek's smoke bombs, and be fully prepared.
These measures enabled the PLA to always remain vigilant, fearless even in the face of an enemy several times its size, and taught the Kuomintang army a lesson with its fighting qualities.
As the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression progressed, Chiang Kai-shek's descendants gradually retreated to the southwest, while other units or units of our party remained at the front. However, with Japan's imminent surrender, Chiang Kai-shek turned to the United States for help, asking them to send transport planes to transport his troops directly from the southwest to the front in an attempt to occupy important cities and regions after Japan's surrender.
However, all this was foreseen by ***.
1.* With his unique insight foresaw that the United States would be of limited help to Chiang Kai-shek**. In view of this situation, he calmly analyzed the situation between the Kuomintang and our army after the war, and found that it was still difficult for our army to confront the Kuomintang army head-on.
However, since the Kuomintang army tends to occupy the big cities, why don't we take this opportunity to seize the big cities, but occupy small and medium-sized cities and rural areas, and continue to implement the strategy of encircling the cities from the countryside.
In this way, those big cities will be like islands in the sea, surrounded by red waves in all directions. Therefore, after August 10, the Military Commission made detailed arrangements for the field armies, requiring them to abandon the big cities and concentrate their forces in small and medium-sized cities, rural areas, and transportation arteries.
By occupying large areas of rural areas and small and medium-sized cities, our base area was greatly expanded, and our military strength was also strengthened, laying the foundation for victory in the subsequent war of liberation.
2.On August 10, 1945, the commander-in-chief issued an order to all units of the Eighth Route Army and the New Fourth Army, asking them to immediately issue an ultimatum to the Japanese puppet army, demanding that they quickly surrender to the people's army and surrender **.
However, after this news was learned by Chiang Kai-shek, on the one hand, he said to the outside world that **'s behavior was illegal; On the other hand, in the name of the commander of the Chinese theater of operations, an order was issued to the squadron, including the Eighth Route Army, on August 11.
The main elements of the order included: the Kuomintang army should always move forward aggressively; Communist troops should remain on standby; The Japanese puppet army was not allowed to accept the surrender of the people's army.
Almost all of this was directed against the Communists, and the Military Commission quickly realized that this was yet another conspiracy against the Communists, and Chiang Kai-shek was trying to provoke a civil war between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party.
However, at this time, the Kuomintang troops were deployed in the southwest region, and it was difficult to effectively deal with the surrender of the Japanese army in the North China Plain. Our army has made full use of the advantages of the right time, place, and people.
In this case, Commander-in-Chief Zhu instructed our army to continue to act according to the original plan, and demanded that the Japanese puppet army surrender in the base area where it was located and disarm. At the same time, our army should be vigilant against any abnormal movement of the Kuomintang troops.
In addition, in the article "Chiang Kai-shek is instigating a civil war" published on August 13, he severely criticized Chiang Kai-shek's actions, pointing out that he was preparing for a civil war, and at the same time co-opting the Japanese puppet army to expand the Kuomintang army, intending to attack the liberated areas after the victory of the War of Resistance Against Japan.
* The commander-in-chief also explicitly refused to carry out Chiang Kai-shek's orders on August 16.
A nationwide proclamation was issued pointing out that Chiang Kai-shek's latest moves, although ostensibly beneficial to the Japanese puppet army, were in fact harming the interests of the Chinese nation. This statement not only enabled the broad masses of the people and democratic parties to clearly see Chiang Kai-shek's true intentions, but also enabled the troops in the liberated areas to avoid the interference of Chiang Kai-shek's orders and actively carry out the surrender action against the Japanese puppet army, thus ensuring the strengthening of our army's armed forces and the stability of the liberated areas.
At the same time, with the conclusion of the meeting between the United States, Britain, and the Soviet Union at Yalta, one of the contents of the Yalta Agreement signed by the three countries was that the Soviet Red Army began to fight against Japan.
On August 8, 1945, the Soviet Union officially declared war against Japan, and groups of Soviet Red Army marched into northeast China from the east, west, and north with a torrent of tanks. Upon learning of this news, ** immediately instructed the Shanxi-Chahar-Hebei Military Region to begin sending troops into the northeast in batches to coordinate operations with the Soviet Red Army.
This decision was not universally accepted at first. Many felt that the Soviet Red Army's attack on the Japanese Kwantung Army was extremely smooth and there was no need to send troops to support it. Moreover, the situation in the domestic customs area is tense, and it is necessary to stay behind a large army.
However, ** has a longer-term vision. He realized that the Soviet Union's invasion of Northeast China was not just out of international moral cooperation, but because it took a fancy to the rich resources of Northeast China and tried to preserve the unfair treaties they had signed in Northeast China.
In addition, ** also takes a fancy to the relatively stable advantages of the Northeast as a domestic industry, and can enhance the military strength of the PLA through the industry of the Northeast. This idea was immediately endorsed by the comrades.
Therefore, on August 12, ** ordered the PLA to be transferred from North China into Chengde, Shenyang and other places in the northeast in batches, and immediately set about establishing a solid base area.
After the victory of the Anti-Japanese War, Chiang Kai-shek realized the importance of the Northeast, so he hurriedly negotiated with the Soviet Union in exchange for unfair terms for the withdrawal of the Soviet Red Army. However, Chiang Kai-shek's action was too late.
Our army's garrison in the northeast has been retrained and reorganized by the first and others to establish a powerful northeast liberated area. Even though Chiang Kai-shek defeated our army with strong military force, the popular will in the northeast has been firmly grasped by our army.
In the end, with the outbreak of the Liaoshen Campaign, the Kuomintang forces in the northeast were completely eliminated and became a solid rear of our army. Conclusion: On April 20, 1949, the People's Liberation Army crossed the river with a million-strong division, and three days later, the city of Nanjing was liberated, and Chiang Kai-shek's national reactionary forces were completely defeated.
**After hearing the news, he happily wrote down "Seven Laws: The People's Liberation Army Occupies Nanjing", in which the sentence "It is advisable to chase the poor bravely, and not to sell the name of the overlord", shows the demeanor of the king.
When we look back at 1945, the five major deployments he made in the Yan'an cave have now been realized one by one. The ancients were not afraid of floating clouds to cover their eyes, just because they were at the top.
When everyone was celebrating the victory of the Anti-Japanese War and was carried away by joy, he was able to make arrangements one step ahead of others, observe the situation in his heart, and anticipate the state of the enemy and us first.
All of this may be due to his long-term vision and keen insight. For our descendants, if we want to take a good road in life, we should perhaps follow his example, raise the eyes of a thousand miles, and observe small things.
This information comes from the following references: Hu Yinglan's "Revisiting the Strategic Thought of *** Two Hands Against Two Hands", Xia Hongbo, Bai Wenhui and Zhang Hongmei's "Strategic Tactics for Dealing with a Total Civil War in the Transitional Stage of the Liberation War", and the third volume of the ** Military Anthology and the "War History of the Fourth Field Army of the Chinese People's Liberation Army".