After the vicissitudes of history, it carries the deep attachment to the hometown after leaving the hometown, no matter how many spring and autumn seasons the years change"Kume Village"The story is still moving.
Originally, the 36 surnames of the Min people were given to the residence of Kume Village in the Ryukyus, and this location was like an isolated island, guarding the national border and guarding an important city outlet to the sea.
Originally, it was a "floating island", but due to the influence of sediment and crustal movements, it gradually evolved into a peninsula connected to the main island of the Ryukyus. Kume Village is located near present-day Naha City in Okinawa Prefecture, just five miles away from Shuri Castle and covers up to one-third of the area of present-day Naha City in Okinawa Prefecture.
Located in the center of Kume Village, Fei Town is bordered by Naha Daimon-mae Station to the west, Sogenji Temple to the east, Seibu Gate to the north, and the seaside and Kumo Jigawa River to the south. In the past, due to the ** exchanges with the Ryukyus, some Chinese chose to settle here, and gradually formed a community.
However, the number of people at that time was not enough to constitute a village. In the Song Dynasty, with the prosperity of Fujian's economy and the prosperity of overseas **, there was a situation of "more people and less land" in the coastal areas, and many people began to seek livelihoods outside.
These coastal dwellers took advantage of their geographical advantages and began to cross the sea to earn a living.
In the last years of the Yuan Dynasty, there were constant wars. Cheng Fu, a generation of Confucian protégés, left his hometown to avoid war and joined overseas**, making a living from it. Soon after, Cheng Fu's ** was successful, and he chose to settle down in the Ryukyus.
During the period of assisting the Ryukyu Zhongshan King Chadu, Cheng Fu successfully maintained the society by virtue of his advice of rationality and rebellion, and was highly valued by the Zhongshan King. Cheng Fu's abilities were fully utilized, and he made great contributions to the tributary ** of the Ryukyus and the eastward transmission of traditional Chinese culture, and won the trust of King Zhongshan.
The 74-year-old Cheng Fu was selected by the King of Zhongshan as the long history, although he has entered the old age, he is in good health, and he has a lot of fame and wealth. Subsequently, he returned to his home country and ended his journey in the Ryukyus.
Since then, the development of the Ryukyus has entered the fast lane, and more and more people have begun to shuttle between the Ryukyus and the motherland, and the ** activities have gradually prospered. At the beginning of the founding of the Ming Dynasty, Zhu Yuanzhang, the Taizu of the Ming Dynasty, implemented a strict maritime ban policy in order to consolidate the country and political power, but he also showed grace overseas, hoping to establish a system of clans and vassals.
The Ryukyu Kingdom was once located outside the East China Sea, and despite its prominence, its shipbuilding technology and navigation skills were still slightly inferior to those of the Ming Dynasty. In order to maintain the normal progress of the Ryukyu Kingdom's tribute to the Ming Dynasty within the suzerainty system, the Ming **, under the instruction of Zhu Yuanzhang, gave the Ryukyu Kingdom a steady stream of rewards, as stated in volume 170 of the "Ming Taizu Records": "Reward the tributary envoy of the Ryukyu Kingdom Wenqi banknote ingots, and at the same time give Shannan King Chengchadu, Shanbei King Panizhi Camel New Gold and Silver Seals each, and also give Zhongshan King Chadu and Shannan King Chengchadu a sea boat." ”
According to volume 16 of the Records of Emperor Xuanzong of the Ming Dynasty, Xing Zai said: "The envoy of the king of Zhongshan in the Ryukyu kingdom ** complained that when he first came to the court, he encountered a sea breeze and damaged his ship, so he arrived on a boat with a firewood from the internal official, and now he has returned, asking for a ship to return and to facilitate the tribute." ”
The emperor's order was met in the Ministry of Industry. In volume 57 of the Records of Emperor Yingzong of the Ming Dynasty, it is recorded: "Shangba Zhi, the king of the mountains of the Ryukyu Kingdom, said that since Hongwu, our country has always treated the imperial court respectfully, and has been sympathetic to the saints many times, and has given sea ships to transport goods.
Recently, the envoy Balu and others came to Beijing with gifts, asking for a sea ship to bring back so that they could easily pay tribute in the future. After the matter was reported to the Ministry of Rites, he replied: "Considering that our country is currently working to reduce the burden on the people by saving redundant expenses, if we build more ships, it will undoubtedly bring unnecessary trouble to the military and civilians."
The emperor ordered the three divisions of Fujian to choose one of the existing sea vessels and give it to them, and if there was no suitable one, to repair the damaged ships they had damaged and give them them. According to volume 115 of the Records of the Emperor of the Ming Dynasty, in the summer and April of the ninth year of Chenghua (1473), King Shoen, the king of Zhongshan in the Ryukyu Kingdom, sent his uncle Wu Shi and others to pay tribute, and accepted banquets and rewards as usual.
All of the above information reflects the friendly relations between the Ryukyu Kingdom and the Ming Dynasty, as well as their willingness to strengthen relations between the two countries through maritime ** and tribute.
According to volume 427 of the Ming Dynasty, the emperors of the Ming Dynasty allocated money and materials to the Ryukyu Kingdom in order to maintain the vassal system and consolidate the central position of the Ryukyus.
Historically, the Ryukyu Kingdom of Nakayama King Shangqing once sent his chief physician Liang Xian and others to pay tribute, but on the way back, he encountered a storm and the tribute was damaged. In order to repair the tribute, Shang Qing asked the Ministry of Rites to buy the jars of the people at sea, and the emperor issued an edict to the Fujian guards to review and agree to the purchase.
This practice shows that the Ming emperors attached great importance to the suzerain-vassal relationship in the Ryukyus and took measures to maintain it.
After learning that the navigation technology of the Ryukyu Kingdom was limited, the Ming Dynasty ** not only provided sea boats, but also equipped with professionals such as general secretaries, boat workers, fire chiefs, and kota dai. With the acquiescence of the Ming Dynasty, this kind of behavior made the exchanges between China and Liuliu frequent, and even broke through the maritime ban policy at that time, and some people were able to continue to maintain ** exchanges.
In search of a better life and development opportunities, these Min people, who had moved between China and the Ryukyus in the early days, began to settle in Kume Village, and gradually formed the unique customs of the area.
Although there are classics that record that the "36 surnames of the Min people" was formulated by Ming Taizu for the sake of the clan system, after careful study, this statement has not been confirmed. In March of the fifth year of Chenghua, the Ryukyu Kingdom Zhongshan King Shi Cai Jing asked the imperial court to grant him a seal to comfort his parents because his ancestors had been ordered to go to Ryukyu to pay tribute.
Cai Jing, who is it? According to the "Kumemura Family Tree: Cai Family Tree", he was the eldest grandson of Cai Chong, the ancestor of the Cai family, who was sent to Ryukyu in the 25th year of Hongwu (1392).
He had submitted a recital, hoping to get the result he wanted. However, the Ministry of Officials believes that there has never been a precedent for this matter, therefore"Stop at no example"Cai Jing's expectations were ultimately unfulfilled.
Thanks to the generosity of the Ming Dynasty, the villagers of Kume Village were able to make ends meet and leave their homes. Although they are in a foreign land, they still have respect for their Chinese ancestors in their hearts.
The Ryukyu Record records the story of the Ming Dynasty ** giving the Min people thirty-six surnames, which can also be explained from the relationship between the Ming Dynasty and the Ryukyus. During the Ming Dynasty, events related to the Ryukyus jointly revealed that the ** of the 36 surnames was not a one-time event, but a historical process that lasted through the years.
These people who migrated to Kume Village from Fujian were gradually accepted and recognized by the Ming and Qing dynasties in the long river of history, and enjoyed the special treatment of the Ryukyu Kingdom in the way of giving surnames.
In the 16th century, Chinese mainland fell into war, the opening of new shipping routes allowed Western powers to invade Southeast Asia, Mankaga and other countries were occupied, and the connection between Ryukyu and Southeast Asian countries was gradually severed.
The former "Wanguo Jinliang" is no longer beautiful, the Japanese on the sea are rampant, and the unique ** of the people of Kume Village is deprived and occupied.
In the midst of the sharp decline in the population of Kume Village, the Ryukyu Kingdom launched a "supplementary registration" policy aimed at strengthening the human resources of Kume Village. However, in the midst of the changes of the times, the contribution of the people of Kume Village seems to be insignificant.
In 1879, Japan annexed the Ryukyu Kingdom, changing its name to Okinawa Prefecture in order to survive. However, the people of Kume Village could not accept this fact, and many people always regarded themselves as "Han Chinese" in their hearts, and even supported the Qing Dynasty.
In Kume Village, a group of compatriots who were exiled in a foreign land spared no effort to oppose Japan's annexation, and at the same time they pinned their hopes on the Qing Dynasty, hoping to restore the independence of the Ryukyus through the power of the Qing Dynasty, and at the same time protect their own rights and interests.
However, this resistance gradually waned after the Sino-Japanese War of 1898. As a result of the war, the Qing Dynasty was defeated, and those who pinned their hopes on the Qing Dynasty had no choice but to flee, and Kume Village went into decline.
The status of Kume Village has plummeted, and the group that once specialized in tributary ** no longer has the glory of the past. While losing their privileged position, the people of Kume Village are also facing an existential crisis.
During World War II, Japan's large-scale conscription led to a large number of Kumemura men going overseas to join the confrontation between the United States and Japan. The war brought immeasurable losses to the people of Kume Village, with many men killed on the battlefield, and the ancestral tombs of their families were destroyed in the war, and some families were even wiped out.
In the face of such a catastrophe, ordinary people may feel hopeless, unable to see the future, unable to see hope, and even lose their attachment to their homeland, leaving only a few relatives to depend on each other.
However, the people of Kume Village showed the resilience and tenacity of the Chinese, and they were not crushed by the cruelty of war, just like their ancestors, who settled in Ryukyu in order to survive.
The trauma of the war has made the people of Kume even more resilient, and they have overcome their confusion and come back on their feet. From the ruins left behind by the war, they strive to restore their former homes and retrace their family's former glory.
Fortunately, in times of war, the pioneers of the family held on to the family property, which facilitated the reconstruction of the homeland after the war. In World War II, Japan was defeated, and Kume Village, which was supposed to belong to China, was entrusted to the United States and handed over to Japan because of "undecided sovereignty".
Since then, the people of Kume Village can only miss their hometown from afar"Go home"It has also become the deepest concern in their hearts.
Chinese children, flowing with the blood of Chinese culture, no matter how the years change, we will stick to our local heart and protect the inheritance of old customs. In Kume Village, we can see the influence of Chinese food culture, such as moxa cake for Qingming Festival, horncorn for Dragon Boat Festival, and taro for Chinese New Year's Eve, all of which are traditional dishes that originated in China.
Okinawan delicacies such as pork, pork offal, pig's trotters, bitter gourd, purple potato, etc., not only retain the traditional elements of the Kume people, but also integrate into the Ryukyu culture. Before the establishment of the Qing Dynasty, the people of Kume Village wore the costumes of the Ming Dynasty and retained the bun of the Ming Dynasty.
However, with the defeat of the Ming Dynasty and the establishment of the Qing Dynasty, they could not accept the Manchurian clothing. In order to maintain contact with Qing**, the people of Kume Village wisely chose Ryukyu clothing as a compromise.