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[Excerpt.]To].The idea of 2010, now I don't look outdated, post it for everyone to criticize, if there are similarities, they are all impersonation or plagiarism of this article. In the 21st century, automotive styling design is becoming more and more important and close to form bionics. The key to the success of the bionic design of the car form lies in whether it is more in line with the concept of humanization while imitating the appearance of animals (people). The essentials of biomimetic design in the form of automobiles are humanization that conforms to the laws of aesthetics.
[keyword].morphological bionic design; automotive design; Humanized.
With the popularization of automobile technology, the performance of cars of the same displacement has become closer and closer, and the styling design of automobiles has often become the focus of competition in the automobile market. According to Jd.According to the 2009 China New Car Purchase Intention Report released by Power Asia Pacific, 23% of consumers consider the appearance as the most important factor when considering buying a new car, and also in the 2010 China New Car Purchase Intention StudySM, "beautiful appearance" ranks among the top three factors for consumers to consider when buying a car. Since the birth of the automobile, the car styling design has gradually been valued from the simple imitation of the carriage to the independent design. In modern society, the styling design of cars is varied, and successful models are endless, and careful combing can be found that these successful cases are often based on bionic design, and at the same time implicitly meet people's humanized needs for cars.
Early automotive designers were mostly technical engineers, with no artists involved. It was only around 1910 that the car styling was gradually separated from the appearance of the carriage, and designers began to design the car styling according to their own preferences, and the aesthetics were applied to the car.
From the thirties of the last century to around World War II, it was the heyday of automobile styling design, and at this time, automobile styling design began to be grasped by aestheticism. In 1934, Ferdinand Porsche began to design the model called VW KDF, which means "the car that brings strength to happiness", at that time, the body appearance similar to the Beetle created for aerodynamic performance alluded to the bionic design idea of the car shape, and the performance and appearance design achieved a more perfect unity, making the Beetle go through 60 years without becoming obsolete and become the world's first model with a production of more than 20 million vehicles. In the sixties and seventies, the focus of automobile exterior design was aimed at the performance of the car, and the pursuit of speed made aerodynamics begin to dominate the styling design of the car. At this time, the car did not think too much about the "face", and the grille was only designed as the air intake of the engine, and rarely considered the aesthetic role.
With the increasing maturity and popularization of automotive aerodynamics research and application, the styling design of automobiles began to pay attention to the aesthetic needs of consumers. Since the first decade of the last century, the "humanized design" of automobiles has gradually become an eye-catching highlight in the design world. The bionic design of the car is becoming popular, which is very in line with the design concept of "humanized design", which more satisfies the sensory enjoyment of consumers and highlights the psychological needs of consumers.
In almost all of the designs, nature has given humans the most powerful message" (Corkney). Nature is the best teacher of mankind and the source of human innovation. Many of the early tools created and invented by human beings were modeled after creatures in nature and made through the imitation of living things. There are many examples of ornithopters designed by the Italian Leonardo da Vinci in reference to the flight of birds, such as Luban sawing, wooden oxen and horses, and the Italian Leonardo da Vinci. Nowadays, as the most commonly used means of transportation for human beings, the design of automobiles imitates the appearance of humans and other animals is very common, and many designs shine with humanized brilliance.
Human beings have subconsciously anthropomorphized things in front of them out of their nature since ancient times, and cars as human tools are no exception. The front shape of our common cars reminds many people of human expressions, such as excitement, fortitude, cuteness, funny...and other emotions. The appearance of the car can be called anthropomorphism in the bionic design of the car form, which mainly imitates the human face, human body, human expression and personality. Anthropomorphism is an important aspect of humanized design, and humanization is the key to testing the success of anthropomorphic design. The anthropomorphism of automobiles can make the design effect more in line with people's psychological habits, meet the needs of consumers in specific consumer groups, regions or specific cultural backgrounds, and designers and manufacturers can show the characteristics of products through design and establish a connection with the majority of users.
With the development of the automobile industry, the western developed countries have entered a period of rapid development, and the car shape has also become stylized, and the design that imitates the human face has appeared intentionally and unintentionally. Treating the car as a first-class friend, designing a vivid and lovely face for it has become the pursuit of some car stylists. The anthropomorphism of the car's shape creates a subtle correspondence between the front face of the car and the human face: the headlights correspond to the eyes, the grille corresponds to the nose, mouth and teeth, the reversing mirror corresponds to the ears, and the front windshield resembles the ...... of the human headIn the process of human evolution, we have developed the habit of observing others from the face, and look at the front face before looking at a car, so the appearance of the car with a face design is easy to catch the attention of consumers.
The design of the Chery QQ mini car imitates the smiling expression of people, with the iconic front face, a pair of round eyes, and a small crescent-shaped design of the middle grille, just like a smiling face. The face design of the car shape makes people feel a kind of self-conscious life and vitality, and can arouse people's potential consciousness of cherishing life, in this beautiful and harmonious atmosphere, people and cars are more integrated, close, and make people feel happy and satisfied. Although the facial organs of human beings are similar, they are handsome, beautiful and ugly, and from this point of view, the creation of the face design of the car will never be boring, and the inspiration will never run out.
Imitation of human form and expression is also a common form of "anthropomorphism" of automobile exterior design. It personifies the car, gives people thoughts and behaviors, simulates people's feelings, communicates the interest and feelings between people and cars, and can make people get a deeper impression. The Audi A6's round hip design, which imitates the female hips, is known as a stroke of genius in the history of automobile design, and the Audi A6 is designed so that it has gained a lot of points in the market competition with Mercedes-Benz E-class and BMW 5 Series. Another example is the low center of gravity body and the water chestnut headlights, which will give consumers the impression of "strong and powerful". The humanized design of the car really shortens the psychological distance between people and cars.
The choice of animal shapes as a counterpart to the bionic design of the car form is now very popular. The design of the car mainly imitates the shape of the animal and deforms the shape. The famous German design master Luigi Colani once said: "The foundation of design should come from the truth that is born in nature, presented by life". The creatures in nature have rich body structures, multi-dimensional layers of change, ingenious color decoration and graphic organization, which are the original basis for morphological bionic design. The imitation of animals is usually the imitation of the concrete form of the animal's appearance, that is, the form seen directly through the eyes, because the concrete form has a good taste, cuteness, organic, affinity, naturalness, people are generally willing to accept. The Beetle car, which directly imitates the shape of the Beetle, is full of spirit and aura, giving people a warm and lovely feeling, and has become one of the few classics in the human car world.
In today's car design, there are many examples of imitating animal shapes: the gullwing doors of the Mercedes-Benz supercar SLS AMG and the frog-like shape of the Porsche 911 are just some of the most memorable classics. Successful imitation of shape should grasp the most essential characteristics of form, accurately select and flexibly use the object of imitation, strive to pursue the emotion and interest of form expression, focus on stimulating people's passion, and fully consider people's inner feelings.
In addition to imitating the figurative form of animals, car design also often transforms the figurative form into an abstract form through deformation, and integrates the subjective feelings of designers and potential consumers in the process of deformation and transformation, which not only contains the beauty of nature but also contains people's feelings about life, which is easy to trigger people's imagination and often has more artistic appeal. The car is the mount of human beings, and cuteness, reliability, and courage are the basic requirements of each owner for the mount. Driving tigers and leopards not only meets the needs of the owner's riding, but also shows the prestige of the owner and shows the image of the owner. The designers of the Audi Q series have taken this psychology into account: "full of power" and "comprehensive safety protection" have become the most significant design concepts of the Q series. The front of the Audi Q series has been described as having "viper-like eyes, a wide and powerful air intake, and suppressing the urge to attack and charge". This is a typical case of fully considering humanization in the bionic design of automobile form.
The bimetic design of the automobile form often directly imitates the local excellent functions of living organisms, and is designed by studying and imitating the details of the animal form. For example, BMW's new 5 Series has created a new trend of "Eagle Eye" design for automobiles, which imitates the headlight design of Eagle Eye, and better conveys the essence of the BMW brand through appropriate deformation: luxurious, ferocious, and inviolable kingly style.
Successful humanized product design is the perfect combination of people and things, the most important feature is to write for people, for people, people are the starting point and destination of design. It is a high degree of unity of use function, aesthetic psychology and humanistic care, and special attention must be paid to people's deep-seated spiritual and cultural needs. The third facelift Jetta 2011 in China has been changed mainly on the front face, the new shape uses blackened headlights, air intakes, bumpers and wheels, etc., the mouth shape is clearer and wider, the eyes are more spiritual, the facial expression is more "cool", chic with a little indifferent, maverick, full of personality, fully considering the current popular aesthetic needs.
Automobile form bionic design is a more complex project, in today's technological progress, car form bionic design has been transformed into artistic design in a sense, people hope to communicate with the car through the design language of the car's shape, color, material, etc., so as to obtain the required taste experience and psychological satisfaction, in line with the aesthetic law of humanized design The key to its success should focus on the psychology of contemporary people and the aesthetic needs of people.
First of all, the bionic design of the car form can not be mechanically imitated, the external form of animals (including people) and its symbolic meaning, through the corresponding artistic processing techniques to apply it to the design, the design process is a process of integrating into the subjective feelings of the designer, fully considering the feelings and psychology of consumers, and transforming from concrete to moderately abstract. **Wang Xuanzheng, deputy director of the Design Research Institute of the Academy of Fine Arts, said that "when designers create car shapes, many times they do not imitate the form of a certain creature, but may get inspiration from this creature, form a concept in their minds, and then reflect it in a certain way in the design", the bionic design of the car form sometimes only draws on the beauty of animals (including people), and the original form must be moderately abstracted before it can be applied to product design. Secondly, the bionic design of automobile form should appropriately select the bionic counterpart, accurately select and flexibly use the aesthetic rules such as shape, volume sense, proportional relationship, texture texture, color matching from the perspective of human nature, strive to pursue the emotion and interest of the form, and strive to stimulate people's passion and meet people's psychological needs. Geely Panda car's big eyes, dark circles, white body, and bionic design ideas are clear, which is worthy of recognition, but with such a small car with an overly open mouth, the aesthetic sense is lost a lot. In addition, in people's general impression, the national treasure panda is cute and slow, and it is not too appropriate to use it to express the image of a speeding car.
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