On March 2, 1963, the Soviet army raided Zhenbao Island, the territory of our country, and the border guards of the People's Liberation Army did not flinch, and the two sides fought fiercely. After more than half a month of desperate fighting, our army successfully killed and wounded more than 230 Soviet troops at the cost of 71 sacrifices, and finally won the victory in the self-defense counterattack on Zhenbao Island.
The defeat of Zhenbao Island disgraced the Soviet Union, and they angrily amassed a million troops on the Sino-Soviet border, as if ready to go to war at any time. Brezhnev and other high-level Soviet officials issued nuclear threats against China, threatening to use 300 nuclear bombs to carry out precision strikes against China.
In the face of the Soviet nuclear threat, Chairman ** used only one strategy to defuse the Soviet threat, and at the same time made the United States and the Soviet Union nervous. What methods were taken to get the Soviet Union to abandon the nuclear threat and even exacerbate the deterioration of US-Soviet relations?
How did Sino-Soviet relations evolve to the point where soldiers were on the verge of being in the city?
In the early days of the Cold War, the Soviet Union was faced with a two-sided attack from the capitalist countries led by the United States, and was in a difficult situation. However, with the victory of the Chinese Revolution and the founding of New China, the Soviet Union was able to remove the potential threat in the East and shift its focus to Europe.
Against this background, the USSR was the first to recognize New China and establish diplomatic relations with our country. In addition, the socialist countries of Eastern Europe have also recognized New China.
In order to further strengthen the cooperation between the two countries, in December 1949, the chairman visited Moscow, and after many months of negotiations, China and the Soviet Union signed the "Sino-Soviet Treaty of Friendship, Alliance and Mutual Assistance".
The signing of the treaty was of great significance to the new China, the most important of which was the Sino-Soviet alliance, the agreement on the Changchun Railway, the Port of Lushun Dalian, and the low-interest loan of $300 million from the Soviet Union.
All these have provided strong support for the construction and development of New China.
During the Sino-Soviet honeymoon, China used agricultural products, non-ferrous metals, and primary industrial products to purchase Soviet industrial equipment. When the Korean War broke out, the Soviet Union, fearing that a direct conflict with the United States would escalate into a world war, asked China to send troops to aid Korea.
In order to defend the country, ** decided to send troops to help. The outstanding performance of the Chinese volunteers surprised the United States and the Soviet Union, and caused the American army to suffer heavy defeats in the first and second battles. The Soviet Union began large-scale assistance to China's ** equipment and air force, and sent air force to defend China's airspace.
In 1953, the Chinese People's Volunteers paid a huge amount of ** to force the United States to sign the armistice agreement. Subsequently, the Soviet Union assisted China in 156 key projects, provided loans, sent a large number of experts to China, and even taught us hand-in-hand, laying the foundation for the industrial base of New China.
After the death of Stalin, an expert on Soviet aid to China, Khrushchev came to power and opened up some nuclear technology to China, and sent top nuclear weapons experts to China, laying the foundation for China's nuclear technology.
However, after Khrushchev came to power, the Soviet Union's chauvinism was exposed, and the internal affairs of Poland and Hungary were rudely involved, causing the socialist camp to be angry with the Soviet Union but afraid to speak, which caused twists and turns in Sino-Soviet relations.
In 1958, Khrushchev visited China and proposed the establishment of a Sino-Soviet joint fleet, asking China to open Lushun and other ports, and establish long-wave radio stations. ** Keenly sensed the ill intentions of the Soviet Union, in fact, Khrushchev's real purpose was to occupy Chinese ports and control the Chinese navy.
** Resolute opposition, Khrushchev was greatly dissatisfied with this, and the conflict between China and the Soviet Union on some ideas led to the deterioration of relations between the two countries after the Kinmen artillery battle. In June 1959, the Soviet Union abruptly stopped supplying atomic bomb technology to China, burned the drawings, and recalled experts, which also made China realize that it could only rely on itself to possess the atomic bomb, so it began Project 596.
In 1959, India provoked a border conflict, and the Soviet Union openly supported India. On September 29 of that year, Khrushchev visited China again, but the talks between China and the Soviet Union did not reach a consensus.
In June 1960, the Chinese and Soviet delegations had a fierce quarrel at the Bucharest Conference, and Khrushchev openly criticized our party and our country. After that, the Soviet Union unilaterally tore up the agreement on aid to China and withdrew all experts to aid China.
Despite this, China still adheres to its own position, defying power, and continues to follow its own path of development.
Sino-Soviet relations broke down, and the Soviet Union increased its troops to 700,000 in the northeast.
The Soviet Union and the United States engaged in a fierce nuclear arms race, which put the United States in a disadvantageous position, and the situation was urgent. At the same time, the hegemonic behavior of the Soviet Union aroused strong resentment in the international community, and Brezhnev's advocacy of interfering in the internal affairs of other countries by military means brought unrest to the world.
During the Brezhnev era, the Soviet Union acted in Europe, sending troops into Czechoslovakia in 1968 to suppress the Prague Spring. In the Far East, the USSR provoked border disputes and constantly tried to expand its territory.
Despite the fact that both China and the USSR belonged to the socialist camp, our country did not take tough countermeasures. However, the Soviet Union did not deter from this, but instead intensified the border conflict, and by 1969, the Soviet army had created 4,000 frictions.
In March 1969, the Soviet army brazenly invaded our country's Zhenbao Island, and the soldiers of our border guards rose up to resist. After three fierce military operations, the attempts of the Soviet troops were successfully thwarted, and the territorial integrity of our country was defended.
In this battle, our army heroically sacrificed 71 soldiers, destroyed 19 tanks and armored vehicles of the Soviet army, and inflicted heavy losses on the Soviet army, killing and wounding more than 230 enemy soldiers.
Moscow's defeat at the Battle of Zhenbao Island outraged Moscow, and an unprecedented country dared to humiliate the Soviet Union, not even the United States. Backward China turned out to be a loss of face for the Soviet Union in front of the whole world.
The Soviet Union always adhered to the principle of the supremacy of strength, and immediately decided to teach China a lesson. Soviet Defense Minister Grechko, Chuikov and other high-ranking military hardliners advocated a surgical nuclear strike on China, planning to use 300 nuclear bombs to accurately hit China's major cities and eliminate the Chinese threat in one fell swoop.
The Soviet Union had tried to launch a nuclear strike against China through secret meetings and joint U.S. attacks. At that time, the United States was at a disadvantage in the arms race, and its primary enemy was the Soviet Union.
Although China disgraced the United States in the Korean War and was threatened with nuclear weapons by the United States, there is no deep hatred between China and the United States. Although relations between China and the United States were not very good at this time, the United States was also mired in the Vietnam War, and Nixon** had always hoped to be able to negotiate peace with China in order to withdraw from the Sino-Vietnamese battlefield, and at the same time to win over China to counter the powerful Soviet threat.
Nixon felt deeply aware of the Soviet Union's frenzy of nuclear strikes on China, fearing that it would open up a situation that could not be managed. He feared that this could not only trigger a nuclear strike by the Soviet Union against the United States, but also that the blow of 300 nuclear bombs to Asia would be devastating and would have a serious impact on US interests in the Asia-Pacific region.
Nixon decided to leak the plan to China, but he feared that China would not believe it. Therefore, he ordered the disclosure of Soviet plans to the unnamed newspaper Washington Star, hoping that the news would become known to the whole world and stop the madness of the Soviet Union.
** Thoughtful: As soon as the top management receives the news of the change of home tactics, they immediately call a meeting. The consensus was that the actions of the Soviets were incredible, and that China, despite its possession of atomic and hydrogen bombs, was still insignificant compared to the Soviet Union's vast nuclear arsenal.
However, these people have been through decades of ups and downs, and some advocate negotiations with the Soviet Union, with appropriate concessions made without violating principles. Others insisted that China also had nuclear **, and if the Soviet Union dared to attack, China would also fight back with nuclear **.
Grandpa Mao thinks this plan is inappropriate. Because the core area of the USSR was in Eastern Europe and it was sparsely populated, nuclear ** did not pose much of a threat to them. But 300 nuclear bombs are a huge threat to our country, a densely populated country.
Once nuclear, many places will be uninhabitable for human habitation. After careful consideration, Grandpa Mao put forward his own opinion: that is, to exchange countries with the Soviet Union.
First of all, most of the troops will be deployed on the Sino-Soviet border, and once the Soviet Union drops nuclear **, all the field armies of our country will immediately attack the Soviet Union, followed by the ordinary people of our country.
China has a population of 800 million, while the Soviet Union has a population of only 200 million. Rushing into the territory of the Soviet Union, destroying transportation and industry, and then occupying the Soviet Union, would be a "one-to-one" exchange of countries in the worst-case scenario.
Once the Soviet Union launches a nuclear war, China's nuclear weapons will all be aimed at US military bases in Asia, where there are 240,000 US troops. This is the ingenuity of ***, who foresaw that the United States might fall into the ground, so he came up with a plan to kill two birds with one stone.
Our men will occupy the territory of the USSR, leaving the United States with the choice of attacking the USSR first. This requires us to have the most far-sighted strategic vision and a fearless spirit, and only in this way can we come up with such a plan.
At the same time, **order*** to directly telegraph this plan to the United States and the Soviet Union, which became a conspiracy. When the United States saw this plan, although they were surprised by its madness, they knew enough about China and had experience in past confrontations, so they believed that China would do it.
For the United States, the best thing to do was to force the Soviet Union to abandon a nuclear strike on China.
In the face of the dual pressure of China and the United States, the Soviet Union finally chose to abandon nuclear strikes and strengthen national preparedness to avoid a possible nuclear war and a third world war.
The United States immediately issued a warning that if the Soviet Union launched a nuclear strike on China, the United States would immediately declare war on the Soviet Union, and developed a plan for a surgical nuclear strike specifically against the Soviet Union, involving 134 large Soviet cities and heavy industrial cities.
In the face of the double pressure of China and the United States, the Soviet Union felt that there was nothing to be done, and this was a top-level conspiracy. In the end, the Soviet Union had no choice but to abandon its nuclear blackmail against China and send the chairman of the Council of Ministers of the USSR Kosygin to China for talks to discuss the armed conflict on the border and the issue of nuclear blackmail by the Soviet Union.
Kosygin met with *** several times, and finally agreed that the Soviet Union promised not to use nuclear ** first and abandoned its intention to carry out nuclear blackmail against China. However, the agreement on the border issue was violated by the Soviet Union.
In fact, the Soviet Union did not carry out a real nuclear strike plan, but only adopted a strategy of nuclear blackmail, hoping to deter us and thus achieve its goals. During this period, relations between China, the United States and the Soviet Union became complicated, and the international situation was full of uncertainties.
However, with his unique insight and foresight, he clearly saw through the complexity of the situation and accurately understood the intentions of the United States. This understanding laid the foundation for the easing of Sino-US relations, and also paved the way for Nixon's visit to China and the normalization of Sino-US relations.
The statement on the one-China principle in the Sino-US Joint Communique is of far-reaching significance.
After Nixon's visit to China and the normalization of relations between China and the United States, the Soviet Union continued to deploy a million troops on the Chinese border. In the face of this grim situation, ** proposed"Dig deep holes, accumulate grain, and do not dominate"policy.
He believed that it was necessary to actively prepare for war against a possible war of aggression. In order to achieve this goal, China has vigorously developed the militia, actively excavated underground fortifications in air-raid shelters, produced armament materials, and at the same time stockpiled food, regarded national defense construction as the primary task, and comprehensively strengthened preparations for war and famine.
At this stage, China went to great lengths to build up its defense projects and build up its military capabilities, mass-producing Type 56 and wooden-handled grenades in case of emergency. Any force that dares to infringe upon us will face the mighty wagon of the people's war.
In 1964, the Soviet Union amassed troops on the Sino-Soviet border. Immediately afterward, the Soviet Union was bogged down in the war in Afghanistan. In the following 20 years or so, China carried out three-line construction and developed armaments and national defense, which played an important role in ensuring the country's opposition to aggression.
Although this put tremendous pressure on China, it cannot be judged by results, because in the international environment at that time, such preparations were necessary.
In 1969, the Soviet Union amassed a million-strong army and launched a nuclear threat against China, an event that had a profound impact on China. The national pride of the Chinese and the spirit of courage after shame were reflected at this time, and they began to actively develop and improve their nuclear armament forces as an important ** for protection.
Under this pressure, ** showed fearless courage and successfully cracked the nuclear cloud hanging over the heads of the Chinese. Since then, no country has dared to make a nuclear threat against China.
This nuclear blackmail incident has not only made China realize the importance of its nuclear forces, but also made us understand that only by striving for self-improvement can we protect the security of the country and its people.
China is now a strong country and a strong army, but we must not forget the difficult days of the past, and those difficult days will only make the Chinese stronger.