"Historical Records" is a long-term highly valued reading book in the field of Chinese historiography, and Lu Xun once gave it a very high evaluation as "the swan song of the historian, the "Lisao" without rhyme". Later, Liang Qichao believed that the "Records of the Historian" was the founding book of China's general history, and praised Sima Qian as the "ancestor of history". However, although the "Historical Records" is the first of the "Twenty-four History", its status during the Han Dynasty and the Han Dynasty is not obvious. Even though the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties had the establishment of historiography and the feeling of moving out of the valley, its position was still far from the "Book of Han".
When the book was written, the streaming profile was very limited. Although it was not shelved, the imperial court still controlled the spread of the book very strictly, and basically only circulated among the top echelons of the ruling party. Because there are many records of court secrets, the circulation overview is limited. When Emperor Shi Zaiwu read the "Eleventh Book of Filial Piety" and the twelfth day of the present book, he thought that the book was deliberately derogatory to him, so he was furious. Not only did the content of the publication be shortened, but even the book was also destroyed. Therefore, the two articles in the "Historical Records" of the Cao Wei period only have a table of contents, and no specific text.
However, this does not mean that "Taishi Gongshu" is "** Emperor Cheng of the Han Dynasty, Liu Biao and Wang Feng actually did not directly call the book moved", ** at most, it is "not appropriate". Moreover, even if Sima Qian's grandson, Yang Yun, published a copy of the "Records of the Historians" to the public, he was not convicted. And Chu Shaosun, as the researcher and continuator of the "Historical Records", has been "going back and forth to Chang'an" for more than ten years, in order to obtain the relocation of the book, but he has not been responsible, but has been promoted step by step, and even became a doctor. In the "Narrative Biography of Hanshu", Ban Gu also only said that the Qianshu was "not distributed" when he became emperor, that is, it was not widely distributed and difficult to obtain, but he did not explain that it was banned.
However, even if the development of "Historical Records" has taken off slightly after Yang Yun was announced to the public, even if there is a budding trend, its circulation is still deserted. For example, until the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, there were only two annotations for the "Historical Records", Yandu's "Yinyi" and Anonymous's "Yinyin"; On the contrary, there are as many as 22 commentators on the Book of Han.
The most regrettable thing is that because of the cultural atmosphere of "exclusive respect for Confucianism", the "Historical Records" has not been developed by leaps and bounds. Although there are many people who continue to supplement the "Historical Records" of the Western Han Dynasty, except for Chu Shaosun's devotion to studying the sequel, there are many others who use the continuation of the "Historical Records" to praise the Han family, and even the Han Confucianism regards the "Historical Records" as a "slanderous book" in order to "defend the way". For example, Yang Xiong was the earliest commentator, and often criticized Shi Gong as "a saint who is not quite a saint".
Although most scholars of the Eastern Han Dynasty believed that the Taishi Gong violated the Five Classics, the Confucian scholars did not completely deny the Shiji. For example, the writer Liu Xiangwei expressed high praise for the relocation of books, and even called it "the material of good history", and the monarch Wang Mang also praised the "Historical Records". It's just that compared with the sincere praise of the former, the latter is more like using the relocation of books as an attack on the Han Dynasty, in order to consolidate the authority of the new dynasty regime.
In short, the fact that the Records of the Historians was not truly recognized in the Han Dynasty was based on the political consciousness of the social environment, and the people of the time were relatively positive about Sima Qian's research work, the arrangement of the texts, or the selection of materials, but it was a kind of political correctness to hold a derogatory attitude towards him at that time.
Later, in the Tang Dynasty, "Historical Records" eventually became a specialized discipline, and Wang Yinglin, a Song man, called it "Historical Records". If we want to talk about the foundation period of historiography, we must go back to the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties. coincided with the dynasty at the head of the fountain of historiography, and there were many conflicts between the "Historical Records" and the "Book of Han" in terms of status.
During the Wei and Jin dynasties, the classics declined, and even the Book of Han no longer regained its exclusive position. As far as the objective environment is concerned, the biggest obstacle to the circulation of the "Records of the Historians" has finally been removed. The decline of Confucianism enabled scholarship to break free from the shackles of past thinking, so that literature, metaphysics, and art were all developed, especially history, which was independent of classics. At the same time, because of the frequent succession of regimes in the north and south, those in power have taken history as a mirror under the influence of world changes and sorrows, hoping that the "Historical Records" of "seeing prosperity and declining, and observing the end of the primitive" can prolong the national ancestry. Therefore, at this time, the "Historical Records" was gradually able to sit on an equal footing with the "Book of Han". When Fu Xuan and Zhang Fu of the Jin Dynasty commented on the merits of the class horses, they bluntly said that the class book was not as good as moving the book. From a macro point of view, Pei Yan's "Collected Explanations of Historical Records", Sima Zhen's "Historical Records Suoyin" and Zhang Shoujie's "Historical Justice" symbolize the peak of the development of historical records.
The Chronicles are like ancient Greek art and epics, flawed, but unconcealed. Although its quaint beauty was not appreciated in the early years, it occupies an unshakable position in the whole of Chinese historiography. The differences in dynasties have led to different aesthetics, but it cannot be denied that the shining points of the "Historical Records" have not disappeared due to the passage of time, but have left a deep mark in Chinese history.
February** Dynamic Incentive Program