Although the Song and Song dynasties were the pinnacle of economic development in ancient China, it also seems to be in line with our stereotype of the Song dynasty as a man of civil affairs rather than martial arts. However, according to the record of the "Compilation of Historical Materials of the Peasant War of the Two Song Dynasty", this data is shocking, and even more surprising
In ancient times, civil uprisings were often seen as peasant uprisings, which were often triggered by unfair policies and defended the interests of the people at the bottom. For example, in the late Qin and early Song dynasties, the first peasant uprisings broke out in the Sichuan-Shaanxi region.
At that time, the bureaucratic class had seized a large amount of land, which made the taxes of the common people even heavier. The Song Dynasty also transported the treasures of Houshu to Bianjing in a steady stream, further increasing the burden on the peasants.
By farming, they simply can't support themselves, and can only do some small business. However, the Northern Song Dynasty practiced a monopoly and prohibited free trade, which made their livelihood more difficult.
Thus, the uprising broke out, known in history as ......
Wang Xiaobo and Li Shun, two heroic rebel leaders, led their armies to capture Shuzhou and other cities, and even smashed into Chengdu. Their slogans were simple and straightforward, pointing directly at the unequal distribution and the oppression of the human body under the feudal society, which was a cry of resistance against the oppressed people.
Such uprisings are usually triggered by the brutal suppression of the people. Now let's take a look.
In order to loot the treasures and flowers and stones, Huizong of the Song Dynasty opened the "Suzhou and Hangzhou Yingfeng Bureau" and sent people to search everywhere, which caused dissatisfaction among the people everywhere. In Qingxi County, Fang La resented the imperial court because the lacquer garden was excessively claimed.
When the imperial court began to loot the Huashi Gang, Fang La secretly developed his own power and received the support of hundreds of people. Symbolized by the red turban, they quickly grew to tens of thousands and launched an uprising.
After the outbreak of the Fangla Rebellion, although his army was defeated at the Battle of Xiuzhou and surrounded by Song Dynasty troops in Hangzhou, the remnants of the rebel army did not give up, and they continued to operate in the Jiangsu and Zhejiang regions until they were completely suppressed in 1121.
The scale of the uprising led to the occupation of Jiangnan in the Song Dynasty and the destruction of the economy. From these events, it can be seen that the uprisings of the Song Dynasty, like those of other dynasties, were triggered by the encroachment of the upper classes on the interests of the peasants.
Understood, the new copy is as follows: The rebel army of the Song Dynasty left a deep imprint on history. The timing of these uprisings is crucial to understanding their context and impact.
For example, the uprising of Wang Xiaobo and Li Shun took place in the early years of the Northern Song Dynasty, when the country was not yet stable, which provided a favorable environment for the uprising. In contrast, Fang La's uprising took place during the reign of Emperor Huizong of the Northern Song Dynasty, when Emperor Huizong was not good at governing, which provided another reason for the uprising.
In either case, the appearance of the rebel army reflected the social turmoil and the discontent of the people at that time.
Only a large-scale response and a huge momentum could make the imperial court panic. If it is small-scale, it can often be quickly subsided. Many people are curious, although the military strength of the Song Dynasty was relatively weak, and the strength of the rebel army was not small, how did the Song army suppress them?
This is mainly due to the fact that many soldiers are too depressed to go to war, and they are eager to go into battle to kill the enemy until they die. In that year, Zhao Kuangyin launched the "Chenqiao Mutiny", and finally succeeded in becoming the founder of the Great Song Dynasty.
He originally called Song Zhou in the domain of the Later Zhou Dynasty, so he took "Song" as his country name. Because he himself was a military general, he rebelled by staging a coup d'état, which led to.
Concentration of power) Zhao Kuangyin After pacifying the Quartet, the first thing he considered was to strengthen the centralization of power. He decentralized the power of the prime minister and made Wenchen serve as the governor of the prefecture, and checked each other with the local general judges.
On the occasion of a banquet for generals, Zhao Kuangyin expressed his suspicion of the generals. Zhang Qiying persuaded them to give up their military power and go to the local area to live a good life. Zhao Kuangyin held the forbidden army in his hands, and the generals knew that they could not resist, so they asked for the removal of military power.
Zhao Kuangyin also took this opportunity to further consolidate the centralization of power.
A glass of wine releases military power: Zhao Kuangyin appointed literati only because they posed a relatively small threat to him. However, after Zhao Kuangyin and Zhao Guangyi, the Song Dynasty seemed to be full of literati skills, which made people want to become officials and were reluctant to join the army, so the military strength of the Song Dynasty was relatively weak.
The strength of the army is mediocre, and the strength of ordinary people is even weaker. Therefore, if we look at "Water Margin" from the perspective of accepting Zhao'an, we can understand why a powerful Liangshan cannot resist the imperial court.
Because in this situation of emphasizing literature over military force, everyone wants to be an official, and the uprising is to some extent a thief, and many people in Liangshan used to be military officers or good citizens.
Song Jiang accepted the court's recruitment, and even if Shuibo Liangshan became the court's recruiting army. Some people joke that the Song Dynasty was the most difficult dynasty in Chinese history to rebel because of the poverty of the people and the weak advantage of the imperial court.
However, when the two Song Dynasty encountered a truly strong enemy, they deeply realized the importance of military strength. Yue Fei's important role in the Southern Song Dynasty, if it wasn't for the ** minister framing, the Southern Song Dynasty might have a better ending.
The imperial court realized Yue Fei's importance, but he was killed anyway. "
Although the map of the Northern Song Dynasty did not have a significant effect externally, it was of great benefit at home, so the Song Dynasty was able to successfully quell every rebellion. In addition, during the Song Dynasty,"Sugar"The use of the company has become widespread.
In addition, the manufacturing technology of porcelain has also reached new heights, and the five famous kilns of the Northern Song Dynasty have become famous. The textile industry has also developed, the economy has prospered, and Gangnam has become a wealthy region as a result.
So the Song Dynasty was not for nothing, and from a modern point of view, he was more like a student who specialized in certain fields.
Through their study of the peasant uprisings in the Song Dynasty, the two scholars discovered a surprising phenomenon – despite the economic prosperity of the time, there were no large-scale peasant uprisings in the Song Dynasty.
Ren Xinmin's article provides an in-depth analysis of the reasons for this phenomenon and provides a new perspective for our historical research.