Guangming ** reporter Zhang Xiaohua.
You see, this is the third time I've made an appointment to come to the door, and I've got almost 40 yuan in environmental protection rewards. Recently, Aunt Zhang, who lives in Xinhualian Home Community, Yangzhuang Street, Shijingshan District, Beijing, made an appointment for the street "one-bag" door-to-door service through the WeChat applet, which not only solved the problem of "waste items occupy too much space" without leaving home, but also received environmental protection incentives, which is really a lot of money.
Used clothes, cardboard, glass bottles, ......These wastes that can be seen everywhere are low-value objects, and if they can be reused, they can be turned into treasures, which is of great help to promote garbage classification and reduction, resource utilization and improve utilization rate. The staff who came to the door were busy cleaning up and explaining at the same time.
According to the professional explanation, low-value objects are the opposite of scrapped cars, waste household appliances and other high-value wastes, and their utilization is an important part of promoting the conservation and intensive utilization of various resources. So, since the value is low, why do we need to carry out ** utilization?
Ma Xuanjun, a villager and farmhouse operator in Longjing Village, Duge Town, Shuicheng District, Liupanshui City, Guizhou Province, is picking up garbage in the surrounding area. Xinhua News Agency.
At the 5th CIIE, the staff was sorting out environmentally friendly clothing, which was made of recycled polyester fibers derived from ** plastic bottles. Xinhua News Agency.
In Zaolin Community, Zhuangshan Town, Changfeng County, Hefei, Anhui Province, volunteers guide residents to use intelligent garbage sorting equipment. Xinhua News Agency.
Hainan Boao Zero Carbon Demonstration Zone. Xinhua News Agency.
Data**: Research Report on the Utilization Status of Low-value Objects in China" Compiled by Guangming **Reporter Zhang Yun and Zhang Xiaohua.
The rate of low-value objects needs to be improved.
Low-value materials are all kinds of wastes that have the ability to be used, but they need to pay a high cost for their utilization, and it is difficult to effectively rely on market forces alone. Such as common disposable lunch boxes, disposable plastic cups, styrofoam, waste plastic packaging bags, waste beverage paper-based composite packaging, waste paper cups and bowls, waste textiles, waste glass, etc.
At present, most of the low-value objects in China are mixed with domestic garbage for collection, transportation, incineration or landfill. Among them, the average operating cost of incineration power generation construction is about 350 yuan, which not only brings environmental pollution and increases carbon dioxide emissions, but also brings a continuous burden to local finances. Landfill treatment needs to occupy a large amount of land resources, and a series of problems such as underground water sources and soil pollution are derived. A small number of low-value substances can enter the renewable resource utilization system through the behavior of enterprises or individuals. However, due to the poor utilization efficiency of low-value objects, the level of enterprise technology and equipment is generally low, so it has become a concentrated flashpoint of "small scattered pollution" and a shortcoming of the waste recycling system.
The lack of attention to local enterprises, the low enthusiasm of enterprises, and the indifference of people's awareness of classification are also the reasons for the generally low utilization rate of low-value objects. Zhang Deyuan, director of the Circular Economy Research Office of the Institute of Economic System and Management of the Macroeconomic Research Institute of the National Development and Reform Commission, said that the "Research Report on the Utilization of Low-value Substances in China" released by the Institute in 2023 shows that in 2021, the production of various low-value substances in China will be about 95.77 million tons, and the amount will be about 25.47 million tons, and the total rate will be only about 266%, far lower than the average utilization rate of more than 75% of major renewable resources.
In 2022, the utilization of China's major renewable resources will exceed 37.1 billion tons, of which scrap steel, waste paper, scrap copper, and scrap lead account for % and 47% of the output of steel, paper, copper, and lead, respectively, and renewable resources have become one of the most important resources. "If the rate of low-value can be increased to 50%, 47.9 million tons of low-value can be realized every year, and more than 45 million tons of renewable resources such as recycled plastics and recycled paper will be added to the society, of which about 60 million tons of recycled plastics will be saved, which is equivalent to rebuilding a 'Daqing Oilfield'. Zhang Deyuan said that this is of great significance to ensure the safety of China's industrial chain and chain.
It is worth noting that compared with the landfill or incineration of domestic waste for power generation and disposal, the carbon emission reduction effect of low-value resource utilization is very obvious. For example, 1 ton of plastic waste can reduce by 15~2.2 tonnes of carbon emissions, equivalent to the carbon emissions of 700,750 litres of unleaded petrol or diesel combustion.
With the improvement of mass consumption level and the high development of emerging industries such as e-commerce and takeaway, the total amount of municipal solid waste in China has been increasing. Relevant studies show that by 2030, China's urban garbage removal and transportation volume is expected to reach 421~4.9.1 billion tonnes per year. If 40% of domestic waste is recycled, it can reduce the comprehensive social cost of cleaning and transportation118484 yuan tons, and at the same time, it can also reduce a large number of carbon dioxide emissions, effectively improving the comprehensive economic, social and environmental benefits.
The establishment of a recycling system for waste materials is the key.
Low-value substances can be used in all aspects of daily production and life, covering many varieties, diverse physical forms and different chemical properties. How to build an effective upstream and downstream linkage, garbage classification, transportation and resource utilization effective coordination of the utilization operation system has become the key to the utilization of low-value objects.
In the low-value ** material sorting center in Haicang District, Xiamen City, Fujian Province, the domestic garbage mixed with low-value ** material enters the intelligent sorting platform after the bag is broken, sanitized, screened and other processes, waiting for "identification".
Intelligent sorting mainly uses spectral recognition, AI and other technologies for accurate classification, and the classification and recognition rate exceeds 95%. Cai Liangzhi, general manager of the sorting center, introduced that different materials present different spectrums, and through near-infrared irradiation, preliminary material sorting can be achieved for low-value objects, and combined with AI technology, the category of materials can be accurately identified.
After cleaning and sorting, these garbage will become raw materials for production, which is a sweet spot in the eyes of many enterprises. Cai Liangzhi said that the sorted materials are refined into 15 categories such as ordinary paper and paper-plastic composite through robots for quality control and purity, and then sent to downstream recycling enterprises, and then "incarnated" into fabrics, shopping bags, plastic desks and chairs and other products.
When the mid-end intelligent sorting and terminal resource utilization are fully prepared, how to solve the front-end low-value object classification?
In January 2022, the National Development and Reform Commission, the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development and other 7 departments jointly issued the "Guiding Opinions on Accelerating the Construction of the Recycling System for Waste Materials", sounding the call for the establishment of a network system for waste materials.
As one of the earliest cities in China to begin to implement garbage classification, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, relying on the advantages of the digital economy, promotes the application of digital intelligence models such as "Internet +" in the construction of waste materials recycling system, innovates the supervision mode of waste materials recycling, and promotes the realization of first-class process reengineering and system remodeling.
Xiamen City firmly grasps the "bull's nose" of system construction, and after years of efforts, it has initially explored a low-value utilization model covering the front, middle and back ends, which is "first-class overall deployment support - professional operation of enterprises - active participation of residents". According to the calculation of operating data, the comprehensive selection rate of low-value objects in Xiamen has increased from 72 in 202072% increased to 74 in 202231%, which can turn 150,000 tons of garbage into resources every year, with an economic value of more than 1$3.5 billion, and can be reduced by about 43.5 billion50,000 tons of carbon dioxide emissions.
Chongqing has made it clear that by 2025, the city will basically establish a complete recycling system for waste materials, and the processing and utilization of renewable resources will reach 16 million tons.
Shanghai proposed that by 2025, the city's domestic waste incineration capacity should be stabilized at 280,000 tons per day, wet garbage processing capacity of 110,000 tons per day, fully guarantee the needs of domestic waste classification and disposal and resource utilization.
Retrofitting a technology engine for high-value utilization.
At present, takeaway has penetrated into all aspects of contemporary life. According to industry statistics, more than 1 million tons of takeaway lunch boxes are used in China every year. When you are feasting, have you ever cared about the ultimate fate of these waste lunch boxes?
We have solved the technical problems in the removal of impurities, deodorization, spinning and fabric production of recycled lunch box materials, and successfully opened up the technical route of 'recycled lunch box - slicing - granulation - drawing - weaving - clothes'. Li Bin, a researcher at the polymer carbon neutrality platform of the Advanced Low-dimensional Materials Center of Southeast University, introduced that they have joined forces with many upstream and downstream enterprises and research institutions to creatively modify waste lunch boxes through processing and modification to make ultra-fine denier polypropylene fiber, and make fabrics and T-shirts with quick-drying functions.
Scientific and technological progress is the key to solving environmental problems. At present, some textile enterprises use the leftovers and printing and dyeing defective fabrics generated in the production process to recycle, and develop home textile household products such as carpets, bedding, storage boxes, etc., and some enterprises use pesticide packaging waste to develop products such as seedling throwing trays, packing belts, and engineering plastic barrels.
In Licang District, Qingdao City, Shandong Province, smart equipment is changing residents' delivery habits and shaping a new fashion of green and healthy life.
There is no need to classify, the machine will automatically identify whether it is a ** object, and it can be automatically weighed and get a cash reward after a one-time delivery. Zhu Haiyan, a resident of Jinqiu Community, Hushan Street, Licang District, said that smart ** is good for residents' families and promoting garbage classification, and everyone is highly motivated to participate.
Not only that, the intelligent equipment can also connect the transportation platform through the Internet of Things, and through the big data operation platform, intelligently plan the clearance route, greatly shorten the waiting time for full warehouse, and residents can query the service status of each equipment at any time and reasonably arrange the delivery time.
Nowadays, the "high-value" application of many low-value objects has formed a "negative pressure" in the industrial chain, which is attracting more scientific and technological forces to help turn low-value objects into treasure.
Bright**" 2024-02-20 07 edition).
*: Guangming Network - "Bright **".