In 1969, the Chinese ambassador to Albania wrote a long letter and sent it to Qiao Guanhua, the then vice minister in charge of European affairs.
In the letter, ** said:"As the diplomatic ambassador to Albania, I am aware of my responsibility, but China's response to Albania's needs has been exchanged for Albania's wanton waste, which not only deepens China's economic burden, but also is a drop in the bucket for the development of Albania. ”
After receiving this long letter, Qiao Guanhua immediately submitted it to *** and said after reading the letter:"Dare to speak, dare to tell the truth, and be a good ambassador. ”
So under what circumstances did Geng Biao write this letter to Qiao Guanhua, and why did *** praise the authenticity of his letter?
Albania is located on the west coast of the Alkan Peninsula and is a typical European country in terms of geographical location, although Albania has a land area of only 280,000 square kilometers, which is less than the size of a city in China, but its geographical location is relatively superior.
FigAlbania.
Albania is connected to Serbia and Montenegro to the north, to the west is the mouth of the sea, with the Adriatic Sea and the Ionian Sea, and to the southeast it is bordered by Greece and Italy by a narrow sea area, and the two countries can even face each other across the sea.
It is precisely because of this unique geographical location that in the 15th century, Greece attacked Albania on a large scale, but Albania borrowed a strong geographical advantage to resist, and Greece was defeated.
Although Albania is a small country, it is still involved in World War II, a brutal war that brought Albania into a maelstrom and was controlled by fascist forces along with Yugoslavia.
Fortunately, after the victory in World War II, under the command of Hoxha, Albania returned to its former tranquility, but the old system and customs had to be overthrown and a new communist order must be re-established.
Thus, Albania, under the leadership of Hoxha, established a republic, which became one of the few red regimes on the European ground.
Because Yugoslavia and Albania shared the same experience, political system and beliefs, Albania, which joined the Soviet bloc, had always been under the care of Yugoslavia, and the Soviet Union had always supported Yugoslavia's assistance to Albania.
In the face of Yugoslavia's assistance, Albanian leader Hoxha expressed his deep gratitude, and posted words of thanks everywhere in his country, and even made his own people take gratitude to Yugoslavia in their hearts in terms of ideological education.
However, with the passage of time, Tito, chairman of the Communist Party of Yugoslavia, had a disagreement with the ideas of Stalin of the Soviet Union because of the development of his country, and Tito did not want the Soviet Union to interfere in his country's economy, military, and politics, so for the sake of the country's development, Tito decided to seek help from the United States and accept 100 million yuan of aid from the United States.
In the eyes of Soviet leader Joseph Stalin, Tito's behavior was an act of betrayal of communist ideology and betrayal of the Soviet Union, so Yugoslavia was removed from the International Communist Intelligence Service and other communist countries were strictly forbidden to be involved in Yugoslavia.
Faced with the dismissal of Yugoslavia, a former international friend, Albania, which received a large donation from Yugoslavia, stood up, but not to defend Yugoslavia.
FigHoxha. Rather, after severing diplomatic relations with Yugoslavia, he made all kinds of disdain and insults to Yugoslavia in various international public occasions.
Stalin was very happy with Albania's performance in such a "good way", so he provided Albania with a large amount of economic assistance and became the main force of assistance.
After the founding of the People's Republic of China, because the two countries were both communist countries, Albania also became the first batch of countries to establish diplomatic relations with China.
However, when the two countries first established diplomatic relations, there was not much contact, so the two countries did not have diplomatic offices at the level of offices or ambassadors in each other's countries.
It was not until 1954 that China and Albania formally signed a mutual assistance agreement and established an embassy, after which China began to formally provide assistance to Albania.
Originally, China's assistance to Albania was only a small amount, after all, with the Soviet Union's "big brother" in front, it was difficult for China to leapfrog the big brother.
However, the international situation has changed, and Stalin's death has cast a dark cloud over the whole of Albania.
When the Soviet Union provided assistance to Albania that year, the Albanian state and ** expressed their gratitude to the Soviet Union and called the Soviet Union as it"Great Father".But since Stalin's death, the USSR has ceased to be the same Soviet Union.
After Khrushchev came to power, he revised Stalin's hard-line methods and actively eased relations with Yugoslavia and other countries, which deeply stung Albania.
They believed that they had been betrayed by the Soviet Union, and they went around preaching the bad things about Yugoslavia, but after Khrushchev came to power, he restored relations with Yugoslavia, and he was played like a clown.
This caused the relations between Albania and the Soviet Union to deteriorate rapidly, and Chairman Hoxha also denied the help given by the Soviet Union to his country in public, overthrowing all the Soviet Union's help for Albania's development and construction.
FigKhrushchev.
Therefore, after Albania fell out with Western countries such as Europe and the United States because of the Yugoslav affair, it also fell out with the Soviet Union because of Yugoslavia.
When Albania was in a state of helplessness, China in Asia extended a helping hand to him.
At that time, relations between China and the Soviet Union were not as friendly as they were at the beginning of the founding of the country, and the foreign policy of the Soviet Union changed with the coming to power of Khrushchev, and relations between China and the Soviet Union became more and more tense after his ascension.
The Soviet Union vigorously pursued hegemony in an attempt to control China, and even the two countries often clashed on the border, especially in 1958, when the Soviet Union demanded the establishment of radio stations and fleets in China, intending to control China's information and ports, and was rejected by China, and the relationship between the two countries entered a delicate stage.
In 1960, relations between China and the Soviet Union deteriorated, and the Soviet Union withdrew all its experts and technicians in China in a short period of time, unilaterally tore up the contract, causing huge economic losses to China.
At this time, China was in a period of diplomatic isolation, and neither Western capitalism nor Soviet communism was kind to China.
As a result, China is isolated and helpless internationally.
Albania, which happens to be in the same situation as China, has two communist countries that have begun to huddle together to keep warm.
FigSino-Arab cooperation.
Relations between the two countries have warmed rapidly, and our country has succeeded the Soviet Union as Albania's largest donor.
China upholds what its ancestors left behind"Help people to the end".Albania's assistance can be described as all-encompassing.
In 1954, after the two countries formally established diplomatic relations at the ambassadorial level, in order to deepen the relationship between the two countries, China and Argentina sent students to each other as a platform and link for communication and exchanges.
Even since the 50s, China's assistance to Albania has covered almost all industries, and even the blood of our technicians has been preserved on Albanian soil.
In order to help Albania become a better country, China has sent a large number of technicians to help Albania build cotton factories, nitrogen fertilizer plants, steel plants, etc., China has invested nearly 10 billion yuan in more than 20 years of assistance to Albania, but Albania's population is less than 2 million, that is, every Albanian can get 4,000 yuan from China.
In view of the growing relations between China and Albania, in April 1966, the visit process between China and Albania was finally finalized.
At the capital airport in April, all the Chinese party, government and military leaders except for the first party were present to welcome the Albanian delegation to visit China, from the capital airport to the Diaoyutai State Guesthouse, along the way the red flag exhibition, crowds of people, the scene was huge, the momentum was shocking, in such a warm welcome, the head of the Albanian political party delegation Xie Hu was deeply moved.
It seems that with the blessing of this visit, the relationship between China and Argentina has become more and more cordial.
In November 1966, in order to celebrate the successful completion of the Fifth National Congress of Albania, the chairman of the Communist Party of China personally sent a congratulatory message to Albania, and the delegation of the Communist Party of China went to Albania to congratulate him, which raised the relationship between the two countries and the two parties to a new height again.
At that time, the state decided to appoint Kang Sheng, who was then a member of the Politburo Standing Committee, as the head of the delegation to Afghanistan, and ** as the deputy head of the delegation.
Kang Sheng was very dissatisfied with the first draft submitted by the International Liaison Department of the CPC Central Committee, and directly ordered the deputy director of the International Liaison Department of the CPC Central Committee to come to his office and personally tell him:"Your first draft is not good, it does not show the deep feelings between China and Albania, and most of the words used in it are inaccurate, and you don't know much about Albania. ”
FigAlbanian diplomats met with ***.
In the face of Kang Sheng's guidance, the deputy director of the External Liaison Department said:"You're right, how do you think we should change it? ”
"You are professional in writing manuscripts, I can't interfere with this, I can only provide you with a little help, you go to a Chinese student sent to Albania, during the study abroad, they must understand the various language meanings and taboos of Albania, but also know more about the history of Albania, listen to his opinion, you should be able to write better." ”
In the face of Kang Sheng's explanation, after the deputy director of the International Liaison Department of the CPC Central Committee conducted a ** session with an international student, a perfect congratulatory message was born under the pen of the deputy director of the International Liaison Department of the CPC Central Committee.
The writing of this congratulatory message is very good, and even ***, who has always had extremely high requirements for text work, has not revised a word after reading it, and directly signed the original "** three big characters."
The congratulatory message in Chinese has been properly compiled and approved, and it is not difficult to translate Chinese into Albanian, after all, there are many young people in our country who have returned from studying in Albania, and under their translation, this congratulatory message has been taken to a higher level.
Among them, the message describes Albania as:"The beacon of socialism in Europe"., comparing Sino-Arab relations to"There is a confidant in the sea, and the end of the world is like a neighbor. ”There are even some passages with more beautiful content and sentences, which are compiled into lyrics and nursery rhymes by Albania.
According to the lesson of the rupture of relations between Albania and Yugoslavia and the Soviet Union, if China cannot provide assistance to it, then China will soon become the "best person" in his mouth.
In 1966, Albania visited China, and after a brief outlook on the relations between the two countries, the head of the Albanian delegation said directly to ***"We in Albania are small in size, the people live in poverty, and we want China to increase the amount of aid, you see, this is the list. ”
In the eyes of Albanians, China seems to be a country that takes what it wants, and when *** sees the huge list, he can't help but gasp.
Fig**At that time, the CCP was in a special period, the country's economy was seriously regressing, and the people of their own country could only barely maintain food and clothing, and they could not reach the level of wealth.
Faced with this list, ** said:"China is now in a state of economic upswing, and we have reservations about the proposal from the Arab side to increase economic assistance. ”
** made the Delegation of Albania very clear that it meant "we don't have any money", which made the Delegation of Albania unhappy.
In order to suspend the unhappy mood, Zhou Dongli proposed to temporarily adjourn the meeting and asked the Albanian side to return to the state guesthouse for a temporary rest.
Subsequently, ** immediately went to the Zhongnanhai Juxiang Book Roof to meet *** and explain to him the opinion of the Ah Fang.
** In the face of the unreasonable demands made by the Arab side"After all, Albania is a stable country with diplomatic relations with our country at present, and we should let them know about our difficulties in another way." ”
**Hear *** say:"In this way, I will invite them to visit Dazhai in Shanxi tomorrow and invite them to eat some local products. ”
After leaving from the residence, he immediately went to arrange the work, and the next morning, he and the Albanian delegation all came to Dazhai, Shanxi.
After arriving in Dazhai, **pointed to the grass and trees in Dazhai to introduce them, for everything in Dazhai, ** like a number of treasures.
Facing the terraced fields of Dazhai, ** said to the representatives of the Arab side:"Look at thistabletsThe terraces are not beautiful, this is dug up little by little by the people of Dazhai, and it is difficult to grow food, but they still succeed by relying on their own perseverance. ”
Soon it will be noon, according to the fixed arrangement, the people of Dazhai will bring out the nest and corn they have eaten, and give them to the representatives of the Arab side to eat, so that the representatives of the Arab side can taste the food of the Chinese people and let them see the true face of China.
In the face of China's poverty, the Argentine representative realized that what he said was not right, and China could not afford to come up with more money to provide assistance, so after returning to Beijing, the Argentine representative took the initiative to request the recovery of a huge amount of aid.
Although the representative of the Albanian side took the initiative to give up the huge amount of aid, this was like a thorn in the heart of Albanian President Hoxha, and with the death of Ho Chi Minh in Vietnam in 1969, this thorn in Hoxha's heart was inserted deeper and deeper.
The relationship between China and Vietnam has always been very close, not to mention that the Vietnam War was won with the help of the squadron, therefore, Vietnamese leader Ho Chi Minh is very grateful to the leaders of our country, even when Sino-Soviet relations are tense, China and Vietnam can also communicate secretly.
FigHo Chi Minh.
The death of Ho Chi Minh made the leaders of our party very sad, and they arrived in Vietnam overnight to attend Ho Chi Minh's funeral.
As a communist country, Ho Chi Minh's death naturally attracted the attention of the Soviet Union.
At the funeral of Ho Chi Minh, Chinese Premier *** met with Su Li Ke Sigin, and Kosygin took the initiative to go to Beijing after attending the funeral to hold talks with the leaders of the Chinese Communist Party on the Zhenbao Island issue.
In the face of Kosygin's request, ** agreed, and then reported Kosygin's request for talks to *** Under the unified command of ***, *** was fully responsible for the talks, and the specific location was set at Beijing Airport.
In this way, on September 11, after Kosygin arrived at the Beijing airport, he had a 210-minute meeting with ***, and the two sides also reached an agreement in this meeting, which was preserved in the form of an exchange of letters.
This meeting reversed the tense situation between China and the Soviet Union, but such "benefits" were not wanted to be seen by Albania, so at the behest of Albanian Chairman Hoxha, Albania began to openly and secretly ridicule "China's compromise with revisionism."
In the face of Albania's ridicule of China, China does not take it seriously at all, still regards Albania as its "brother" to take care of, and still provides a large amount of financial and technical support every year.
But as time goes on, China needs to evolve as well, with Kissinger's secret visit to China to build a bridge for normalization between China and the United States.
In 1972, Nixon, then the United States, made an official visit to China, and the relationship between the two countries became closer, but this made the Albanian leader feel even more uncomfortable.
After Nixon's visit to China, Hoxha personally wrote to *** to express his incomprehension, disapproval and diswelcome of Nixon's visit to China, as this incident happened.
Albania even asked China for a loan of 5 billion yuan, which was too much for China to afford at that time, and the relationship between the two countries was on the verge of rupture.
"Leftovers and cold rice are sent to the hungry".Countries like Albania have always lived on the economic aid of other countries, hence the name that was once called"The Pearl of Europe".
Therefore, Albania itself has good natural resources, and the scenery is enough to attract tourists, but Albania has been closed off from the country, living in an unrealistic and illusory dream, but unfortunately it is not aware of it, and takes the help of other countries as it should be.
At that time, when Albania asked for a loan of 5 billion yuan, it happened to be in 1974, and China's economy was in a difficult period, and Albania was not worried about China's economic situation, but took a long time for the funds to arrive in the account and the reputation of China was getting worse and worse, and even distorted the facts, and regarded China's support for Albania's construction as "some scheme", which made China unbearable.
FigReform.
In July 1978, under the drastic reform, China officially sent a note to the Arab side, stopping all assistance to Afghanistan and recalling all experts and technical workers who had been assisting in Afghanistan.
China has finally shaken off this blood-sucking leech.
In the face of China's "ruthlessness", Albania has also completely severed diplomatic relations with China.
Albania, under the leadership of Hoxha, broke with Europe and the United States, the Soviet Union, and China, so he also developed paranoia of victimization.
It seemed that every country around him wanted to occupy that small place, so he began to use the funds supported by China to start buying a large number of *** and building bunkers all over the country with the cement provided by China.
In the face of Hoxha's actions, he achieved political and diplomatic liberalism, but he also suffered the people of Albania.
With Hoxha's death, his reign came to an end, and more political parties emerged in Albania, but they did all sorts of dishonorable acts in their quest for supreme power in the country, which led to the state.
To this day, Albania still has the largest gang force and is the country with the most female human trafficking.