On February 21, 1951, the commander-in-chief, who was supposed to be in command in North Korea, suddenly returned to Beijing by special plane.
After arriving in Beijing, ** rushed to ***'s office non-stop, and after learning that *** was taking a lunch break in Jingmingyuan, he hurried to Jingmingyuan, regardless of the guards' obstruction to wake up the sleeping ***
After the 4th, ** convened an enlarged meeting of the Military Commission in accordance with the instructions of ***, and as a result, in the middle of the meeting, ** suddenly slapped the table angrily.
Why did ** suddenly return home at the critical juncture of the war, and what made him angry directly in front of everyone?
FigAt the beginning of the founding of New China, the country was in ruins and eager to carry out construction in all aspects, but it did not take long for the US-led coalition forces to gradually approach the Yalu River, and they had to think about whether to send troops to support North Korea.
China has issued five warnings to the United States, demanding that the United States not expand the scope of the conflict to the north of the 38th parallel, but the menacing US military directly crossed the 38th parallel and approached the Yalu and Tumen rivers.
What makes the Chinese people even more angry is that the United States has also dispatched warplanes to launch air strikes on some border towns in northeast China in an attempt to ignite the flames of war in northeast China.
At that time, the United States had super economic strength and the world's most advanced military equipment, and it believed that with its own strength, the Soviet Union would not dare to directly send troops to North Korea, and China would not send troops to confront the US military at this critical moment.
It is undeniable that at that time, China's national foundation was not strong, and the country urgently needed a relatively stable environment to carry out construction in all aspects, and many ordinary people who had just escaped the flames of war also longed for peace, but history has proved that the War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea had to be fought.
At that time, the United States wanted to take a "three-pronged approach" and start with North Korea, Taiwan, and Vietnam.
On the one hand, the United States took advantage of the Korean Civil War to intervene by force and seized the opportunity to spread the flames of war to Northeast China, and on the other hand, it continued to collude with the Kuomintang in an attempt to continue to "** China".
However, considering the development of the Navy and Air Force, it is believed that the current time may not be the best time to liberate Taiwan, and the possibility of sending troops to Vietnam is relatively small.
In contrast, once the army is sent to Korea, our army can give full play to the superiority of the army, and at the same time, with the help of the Soviet Union, the strength of our army can be maximized.
FigIf China does not directly fight the United States at this time, the United States will definitely seize the opportunity to gain an inch, so it is not possible to see that it is not possible to fight the United States, as *** said:"Fight with one punch, lest a hundred blows come. ”
In the face of the escalating situation, a meeting was quickly convened to discuss.
At that time, some leading cadres attending the meeting had some misgivings in consideration of China's actual situation, and some leading cadres thought that it was too risky to directly send troops to the DPRK and that they could consider strengthening the northeastern border defense in order to deal with the enemy's invasion.
After weighing the pros and cons, ** decided to fight this War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea to defend peace and extinguish the war outside the borders.
History has proven that this decision is correct, and once again reflects the extraordinary ability of human planning.
After deciding to send troops to support North Korea, ** began to make trouble again, and I don't know who to send as the commander-in-chief of the War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea? After thinking about it for a long time, **I suddenly thought of the commander of the First Field Army in the Northwest***
**Will call Tong *** to his study to discuss the matter with him, and ask him if he is willing to take command and go to North Korea. ** Knowing that the situation was urgent, he agreed without a hint of hesitation. In this way, ***, who was appointed in danger, took up the post of commander and political commissar of the Chinese People's Volunteer Army on October 8.
As a battle-hardened "founding father", he once again stood up in the face of national crisis, which showed people the selfless spirit of the older generation of revolutionaries to dedicate themselves to the country, and moved countless people.
Since then, a number of meetings have been held to discuss the dispatch of troops to North Korea. During the meeting, ** actively supported ***'s decision, believing that when the United States really occupies North Korea, the problem will become more complicated, and it is better to take the opportunity to send troops to solve the problem as soon as possible.
In order to avoid the flames of war from reaching the northeast of our country, ** and others believe that the US army should send troops to North Korea before the US army crosses the Yalu River.
FigThe Volunteer Army crossed the Yalu River.
On the morning of October 19, 1950, ** took a special plane from Beijing to Shenyang and arrived at the headquarters of the Northeast Military Region.
As soon as he stepped into the door of the headquarters, *** said:
"Since today, our country has officially entered a state of war, this time to go to North Korea to fight a war faced many difficulties, in the past we fought in the country, strategic materials mainly rely on the collection of the enemy, but after going abroad, everything has to rely on themselves, the northeast region is the rear base of the volunteers, you must mobilize as soon as possible, go all out to support the volunteers. ”
It is enough to see that ** attaches great importance to the issue of material supply.
In the afternoon of the same day, ** arrived by plane in Andong, a small city on the border between China and North Korea.
At this time, Anton was covered with dark clouds, and it gradually began to rain lightly, but he didn't have time to rest, so he went directly to North Korea in a jeep, and only one staff officer and two guards followed him to the combat area first.
From that night onwards, the volunteers secretly crossed the Yalu River in three ways.
In order to ensure that the first battle of the DPRK can be fought well, ** all departments are required not to leak information, and the team rests during the day and marches to the designated area under the cover of night at night.
On the 21st, before dawn, ** arrived at the designated place by vehicle, and then held a meeting with the then North Korean leader Kim Il-sung to study the battle plan together.
Fig** With Kim Il Sung.
At the same time, the situation on the front line has changed dramatically, the US military is constantly increasing the intensity of air strikes, and a large number of US troops are moving in the northward direction, but at this time only five divisions of the Volunteer Army have crossed the Yalu River, and there are still more than 100 kilometers away from the designated place.
Listening to the sound of cannons one after another, ** frowned.
Originally, there was a radio car following ***, but when he was halfway through, the radio car was lost, which caused him to have no way to get in touch with **, and he couldn't see the rear troops, he couldn't help but sigh:"Now I'm really a bare-bones commander. ”
On the 25th, with an order, the first battle officially began.
At that time, the Chinese and North Korean armies tacitly cooperated, and suddenly launched an attack on the US army, which directly caught the US army by surprise, and the volunteers annihilated a total of 1 enemiesMore than 50,000 people.
After the end of the battle, ** decided to take advantage of the victory to pursue and led the volunteers to launch the first one after another.
II. The Third Campaign.
In just a few months, the Volunteer Army directly forced the US troops to retreat south of the 38th parallel with three battles, during which they not only dealt a blow to the arrogance of US imperialism, but also created a number of myths.
In these three battles, the volunteers annihilated more than 70,000 enemies, but there were also many volunteers, and the number of participants could not be replenished in a short time.
At the same time, the front was constantly moving south, and the distance from the rear ** line was getting farther and farther away.
In addition, after Li Qiwei, the new commander-in-chief of the United States United States at that time, took office, he continued to increase his efforts to launch air strikes on the Volunteer Army, trying to destroy the resource supply lines continuously established by the Volunteer Army, resulting in major difficulties in the logistics supply of the Volunteer Army.
As the saying goes, "Before the soldiers and horses move, the grain and grass go first," sometimes the competition on the battlefield is not only combat strength, but also logistics and supplies.
Once the troops encounter a blockade and there is no way for logistics supplies to keep up, then the combat effectiveness of the organization team will naturally become weaker.
Seeing that the logistical supplies had not been able to keep up, and the front-line soldiers were forced to starve, ** decided to take a plane back to Beijing to discuss the matter with *** and others.
Fig** Inspect the front line.
After arriving in Beijing, ** didn't have time to rest, so he hurried to ***'s office, but was told that *** was taking a lunch break in Jingmingyuan, so *** rushed to Jingmingyuan non-stop.
After seeing ***, the secretary and the guard at the door wanted to stop him first.
But *** felt that the volunteers on the front line couldn't afford to wait anymore and couldn't manage so much at all, so he shouted directly:"**I have something important to report,"Then *** directly pushed open the door.
**Familiar*** already knew that he was going back to Beijing to report on his work, and he was not annoyed by his forced entry into the house, and while getting up and getting dressed, he quipped:"Only you, Mr. Peng, will give advice when others are asleep. ”
**Speak directly:"The reason why I took the risk to return home is because the difficulties faced by the volunteers on the front line are not well understood in China, and if these problems are not solved immediately, it will be directly related to the success or failure of the war. ”
Hearing this, **'s face became serious and asked:"What difficulties are the volunteers facing now? ”
**Said:"First, after three battles, the ** of the Volunteer Army is not small, but in a foreign country, there is no way to capture prisoners to replenish the troops, and there is no way to mobilize more young people to participate in the battle on the spot, and the combat effectiveness has obviously weakened;
Second, under the indiscriminate bombardment of the enemy, many road vehicles were seriously damaged, resulting in no way to keep up with the supply of materials in time;
Third, the troops have crossed the 38th parallel, but the east and west sides of Korea are seas, and the weather is extremely cold.
Fourth, the volunteers are in a no-grain area, there is no way to replenish food on the spot, let alone obtain fresh ingredients, some teams have run out of cooking, many volunteers often rely on a handful of fried noodles and a handful of snow to persist in fighting, and even some volunteers have night blindness. ”
FigThe battlefield to resist US aggression and aid Korea.
After listening to *** these words, ** said:
"At present, ** has not yet grasped the situation of the volunteer army in North Korea in detail, according to what you said, if you can win as soon as possible, you will win as soon as possible, and if you can't, you will choose to slow down.
Mr. Peng's suggestion is correct, and we should indeed make long-term preparations, and I immediately notified the relevant leading cadresbyYou and *** have a meeting together to discuss the issues that need to be solved urgently."
On February 24, 1951, the conference hall of the General Staff Headquarters of the Beijing Military Hall was in full swing to hold a meeting around the "War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea".
Concerned about the front-line soldiers, he emphasized the problem of logistics and supply, and comprehensively introduced the difficulties in solving the problem of logistics and supply.
**The reason why I went to great lengths to explain the problem of logistics and supply was because I couldn't bear to watch the front-line volunteers continue to starve and freeze, and I hoped that the departments in charge of relevant affairs in China could formulate solutions as soon as possible and strive to solve the problem of logistics and supply as soon as possible.
After all, North Korea was in the icy and snowy season at that time, and the combat environment was already harsh, and if there was no ammunition and food, it would inevitably lead to more sacrifices, which showed that the front-line volunteers could no longer wait.
However, what I never expected was that some leading cadres not only did not give a positive answer on how to ensure the logistics supply of the front-line volunteers, but also wanted to change the topic.
Some leading cadres pointed out that now that the country is stepping up efforts to promote construction, and some institutions have just been set up, there is no way to come up with a concrete plan to solve the problem of logistical supply for the front-line volunteers in a short period of time.
It is undeniable that the years after the founding of the People's Republic of China were an important period of domestic development, and many ordinary people hoped that the state would introduce more policies to arouse the enthusiasm of the people and deeply participate in national construction.
FigIt is difficult to resist US aggression and aid Korea.
Shortly after the war, the common people did not want to see the country continue to be plunged into war, but only wanted to focus more on development and building a beautiful homeland.
However, the War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea has entered a critical stage, and if we do not do a good job in logistical support at this time, it is very likely that our previous efforts will be wasted.
In addition, the front-line soldiers are charging to defend the country, and they are also the children of other people's parents, how can they watch them die because the logistics and supplies can't keep up. In addition, the temporary change of fortune in the Soviet Union also made *** very annoyed.
At that time, the Soviet Union did not directly send troops to fight on the Korean front, and after discussing with our country, it promised to provide air force fire cover for the volunteers, but when the volunteers really set off to the Korean battlefield, the Soviet Union temporarily changed its mind, which made the volunteers angry.
I thought that I would be able to solve this matter after returning to China, but I didn't expect that some people in China were also pushing back, constantly emphasizing that there are many difficulties in the establishment of some institutions, but why is it not difficult for the front-line volunteers? Thinking of this, the fire qi of ** directly reached its peak.
Angrily kicked the chair away, stood up with a slam on the ground, and slammed his hands on the table and yelled"You say that there are difficulties here, and there are difficulties there, are you the only ones who are patriotic? Don't the volunteers who defend their homes and countries on the front line know patriotism? ”
**A roar made the leading cadres present speechless for a moment, and their expressions became more and more nervous, but he had no time to observe the changes in the leading cadres present.
He went on to say:"You can go directly to the front line to see the food and clothing of the volunteers, and the troops on the front line are no less difficult than during the Long March.
There are so many volunteers**, who are they sacrificing for? For whom blood is shed?
Not only did they die from the blows of the enemy, but some were starved to death and froze to death, but they were all young children, and could not the country overcome difficulties for them? ”
Fig** with ***
In addition to explaining that there is a shortage of food in the front-line volunteer army, ** also stressed that the current combat situation is grim and more military equipment must be supported.
Speaking of this, ** choked up several times, and his eyes became red.
During the 25,000-mile Long March, countless Red Army troops passed through snow-capped mountains and crossed grasslands, and they had to remain vigilant at all times in extremely harsh environments to deal with the enemy's encirclement at any time.
How bitter is it? For every minute the Red Army stays in the meadow, the likelihood of falling into the swamp and not being able to get out increases a little more.
During this period, problems such as cold and hunger caused many Red Army troops to decline in physical strength, and some Red Army soldiers who had no food could only use weeds to satisfy their hunger.
Nowadays, it is said that the difficulty of the front-line volunteers is even greater than that of the Long March, it is enough to see that the combat environment of the volunteers is far worse than imagined.
When *** finished saying this, the entire conference room fell silent.
Many people are old acquaintances with *** and know his temperament and temperament, but they didn't expect him to get angry directly in front of everyone, they didn't go to the front line in person, and they didn't dare to question *** at will, they only dared to look at each other, and they didn't know how to be good.
When everyone was silent, ** said:"Mr. Peng, don't worry, we will definitely do our best to solve the difficulties we are facing now. ”
For the reaction, there was no surprise.
He knew that if it weren't for the fact that the situation of the front-line volunteers was really extremely difficult, he would not have returned to China at a critical juncture.
It will not directly disturb *** who is taking a nap, which just shows that *** really loves soldiers like children, but the atmosphere of the meeting has come to this point, and there is no way to come up with a detailed plan for the time being.
After the meeting, ** promised to ***:"I will report to the chairman that there will be a meeting in the future, and we will definitely solve the difficulties faced by the front-line volunteers.
After hearing ***'s statement, **'s hanging heart was relaxed, but he said anxiously:"Fight nowThe situation is direThe enemy continued to attack the positions of the volunteers, and I had to rush back to Korea at once. ”
FigAnswer:"You go back first, and I'll solve the problem. ”After expressing his gratitude to ***, ** hurriedly got on the plane back to North Korea.
After *** got angry, most of the leading cadres who knew his temper well knew.
** The reason why he is angry at everyone is not because he wants to seek benefits for himself, but because he is really worried about the life and death of the front-line volunteers, he is the person who really dedicates himself to the national righteousness, and many leading cadres can also understand the mood of ***.
Soon, with the support of *** and others, the cadres and masses in many big cities in Beijing responded to the call, made fried noodles for the volunteers day and night, and hurriedly transported them to North Korea by plane to solve the problem of food shortage faced by the volunteers.
Considering that the War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea was likely to be a protracted war, the cadres and leaders in charge of logistics immediately ordered to improve the supply system as soon as possible and make every effort to ensure logistics supplies, which provided a strong guarantee for the front-line volunteers and enabled them to fight bravely against the enemy on the battlefield.
Thanks to the efforts of the people of the whole country, the logistical supply work to resist US aggression and aid Korea was gradually improved, and in July 1953, the brave and warlike volunteers succeeded in forcing the US troops back to the negotiating table and won the victory in the War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea.
The day after the armistice agreement was signed, ** went to inspect the forward positions where the 46th Army was stationed, and then hurried thereMt. Matari to the southeast, here is less than 300 meters away from the station of the first ace team of the US army, but *** insisted on stepping on this position regardless of the dissuasion of others and personal safety.
FigThe position of the Volunteer Army of the Korean War.
He said:"Why can't I set foot on this position, our volunteers shed blood and died on the position, don't we even have the courage to stand up and take a look? ”But when he actually stood up, ** was silent, because what caught his eyes was the blood of the sacrifice of the volunteers.
**Say:"Two days ago, our volunteers fought valiantly here, but now that the war has stopped, they have not been able to see peace. ”
Perhaps without the "love of soldiers like sons and integrity", without the volunteers who went into battle to kill the enemy regardless of their "personal safety", and without the support of the whole country, there would be no way to win this war with disparity in strength.
Looking back at history, all the peace and pleasure we have now was condensed from the suffering of those who came before us.
No matter how far we go in the future, we must not forget that we are now taking the road created by countless ancestors who overcame many difficulties.