On the thirteenth day of the first month of 1997, just as the Chinese were immersed in the joy of the arrival of the New Year, a bad news suddenly came:The great man of history *** died of illness in the early hours of this day at the age of 93.
**'s wife, Zhuo Lin, tearfully informed ***, who was the leader of the country at the time, of the news of her husband's death and said to *** solemnly:On his deathbed, he left four wills, hoping that he could help him fulfill his last wishes.
So, what kind of will did you leave behind during your lifetime? Did anyone later fulfill these wishes of ***?
According to the recollection of Zhuo Lin, the wife of ***, after October 1994, **'s physical condition deteriorated sharply, and then he was transferred to the PLA General Hospital for a long time. The favorite thing to do in the ward is to watch documentaries broadcast by CCTV, the thick words in the historical documentary can make this old man who is past his old age recall the bits and pieces of his past eventful years.
In August 1904, ** was born in a small landowner family in Guang'an Prefecture, Sichuan Province. As the eldest son in the family, ** was sent to the "Hanlin Courtyard" private school in his hometown when he was only 5 years old. In order to practice calligraphy, he dyed the pond near his home black, and the neighbors in the township called the pond near his house "ink pond". The parents saw that the child in the family was promising, so they sent *** to the county middle school in Guang'an County in the summer of 1919.
After entering the county, the field of vision has been broadened greatly. coincided with the outbreak of the May Fourth Movement in 1919, and the socialist ideology also spread in the school where *** was located. Cai Yuanpei, president of Peking University, gave a speech on "The Sacredness of Labor", which touched him greatly. Inspired by the ideology of the times, ** resolutely decided to study in France and embarked on a road to explore a good way to save the country and the people overseas.
In August 1920, at the age of 16, *** boarded the passenger ship "Jiqing" and bid farewell to his motherland. In this team of students studying in France, ** is the youngest one.
According to his later recollections, at the beginning of his journey to study in France, he still had the idea of "saving the country through industry", wanting to learn first-hand technical skills and come back to serve the motherland. But it wasn't until later that the appearance of a person completely changed the fate of ***.
This person is ***6 years older***
Due to financial problems, Beiyang ** interrupted the tuition fees of students studying in France, which made *** who was dedicated to studying abroad fall into a dilemma of life. In desperation, ** began to work as a manual laborer in some factories in France to support his studies. However, the thin *** could not afford to take on the overload of work in the factory. But fortunately, during the work-study period, he got acquainted with Li Lisan and other early Communist Party members, and under the recommendation of other Communist Party members, he became acquainted with ***, and since then he has formed an indissoluble bond with China's revolutionary cause.
Under the teachings of ***, ** realized his ideological shortcomings in the past and truly embarked on the road of socialismMetamorphosed into a Marxist. During the period of editing and printing of the "Juvenile" newspaper, ** often worked with *** until midnight, sleeping together, and a deep revolutionary friendship sprouted between the two.
As *** became more active in the revolutionary cause, he gradually attracted the attention of the French authorities. With the outbreak of the Chinese National Revolution, the French authorities expelled ***, which forced *** to move to Moscow, the capital of the Soviet Union, in 1926 to continue his studies at Sun Yat-sen University. During his study in the Soviet Union, he saw the prosperity and strength of the initial industrialization of the Soviet Union, and also accumulated valuable experience for him to later preside over China's economic construction.
At the beginning of 1927, after 7 years of absence from China, *** finally returned to the embrace of the motherland. He was arranged by the party organization to be assigned to the northwest warlord Feng Yuxiang to engage in the ** work of the Kuomintang and the Communist Party. But what everyone didn't expect was that Chiang Kai-shek and Wang Jingwei launched it in 1927.
Four. One. 2. The counter-revolutionary coup d'état of July 15The wanton arrest of Communist Party members, a vigorous national revolutionary movement, unfortunately died in the middle of the betrayal of the Kuomintang reactionaries.
After the Kuomintang reactionaries betrayed the revolution, ** immediately led the August 1 Nanchang Uprising with ** and others, firing the first shot against the Kuomintang reactionaries. In September of the same year, he led the children of workers and peasants to launch the Autumn Harvest Uprising on the border of Hunan and Jiangxi, which dealt a heavy blow to the Kuomintang's rule in the region. The *** secretly arrived in Guangxi and organized the Baise Uprising and the Longzhou Uprising successively, effectively cooperating with the surging revolutionary situation throughout the country.
When talking about China's revolutionary situation and revolutionary experience, ** said:"In the cities, the reactionary forces of the Kuomintang are very strong, and we must rely on the countryside to change the fate of China。This understanding of the revolutionary situation in China at that time coincided with the idea of encircling the cities from the countryside and seizing power by force.
In August 1931, he was transferred to the Soviet District and served as the secretary of the county party committee of Ruijin County, Jiangxi, with a status equivalent to the mayor of Beijing after the founding of the People's Republic of China。During his tenure as secretary of the Ruijin County Party Committee, he not only made the economic construction of the revolutionary base area impressive, but also adhered to the military line, consolidating and expanding the Ruijin revolutionary base area in Jiangxi.
It is a pity that with the coming to power of Bogu and Wang Ming in 1932, the military command line of ** was influenced by the "left-leaning" trend of thought and was not implemented. ** also because of his firm support for ***'s military proposition, he was labeled as the "Luo Ming line" and sent to the township to workEven ***'s second wife divorced him, which is the "fall together" in ***'s life.
The left-leaning military line of Bogu and Wang Ming caused heavy losses to the Red Army in the Fifth Anti-Encirclement and Suppression Campaign. In October 1934, the Red Army was forced to embark on the road of the "Long March", and without hesitation, it followed the large forces of the Red Army and embarked on the revolutionary journey again. At the Zunyi meeting, ** was appointed as the secretary of the record meeting, which made *** a witness to history。After the end of the Zunyi Conference, our party re-established the guiding position of the military line, and the people who had experienced "falling together" also regained the reuse of our party.
In July 1937, Japan launched the Lugou Bridge Incident, and the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression broke out. At the invitation of the cooperation between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party, the Chinese Workers' and Peasants' Red Army accepted the "reorganization" of the Kuomintang, of which the Workers' and Peasants' Red Army in northern Shaanxi was reorganized into the Eighth Route Army of the National Revolutionary Army, with 3 divisions under its jurisdiction, and *** served as the director of the political training office of the 129th Division of the Eighth Route Army, assisting *** to engage in the military command of the 129th Division. During his tenure in the 129th Division of the Eighth Route Army, he opened up the Shanxi, Hebei, Shandong, and Henan anti-Japanese revolutionary base areas together, and made great contributions to China's anti-Japanese cause.
In 1942, he returned to Yan'an and supported the Yan'an Rectification Movement. After returning from Yan'an to the Shanxi-Hebei-Shandong-Henan Anti-Japanese Revolutionary Base Area, he worked hard to popularize the "three-three system" principle of the anti-Japanese revolutionary base area and vigorously developed the economy, so that the Shanxi-Hebei-Shandong-Henan Anti-Japanese Revolutionary Base Area passed the difficult period of encountering the double blockade of the Japanese army and the Kuomintang diehards. At the Seventh National Congress of the Communist Party of China in 1945, the most famous member of the Communist Party of China was elected.
In June 1946, after the full-scale outbreak of the Liberation War, he commanded the Shanxi-Hebei-Shandong-Henan Field Army, and effectively cooperated with the East China Field Army's offensive in northern Jiangsu and southern Lunan. In 1947, under the command of ***, Liu and Deng's army leaped thousands of miles into Dabie Mountain, opening the prelude to the strategy of the Liberation War。In 1948, he commanded the Central Plains Field Army and cooperated with the East China Field Army to launch the Huaihai Campaign, annihilating the main forces of the Kuomintang in the Xubang area and opening up good conditions for the Chinese People's Liberation Army to cross the river.
In April 1949, after the Battle of Crossing the Yangtze River began, ** and *** continued to command the Third Field Army, sweeping through the southern provinces of China. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, Liu and Deng marched into the southwest and completed the mission of liberating the southwestern provinces of China at the end of 1949. During this period,He presided over the overall military and political situation in Sichuan, promoted local land reform, and promoted the recovery and development of the local economy.
In July 1952, he was transferred to the southwest region to assist in the country's economic construction. With the assistance of ***, ** to formulate economic recovery and development policies, toAt the end of 1956 and the beginning of 1957, the socialist economic system was successfully established, so that China had the industrial foundation for building socialist modernization.
In a special historical period, ** experienced the "two ups and downs" and "three ups and downs" of his life, but he resolutely strengthened his beliefs and had firm confidence in China's future from beginning to end. After the Third Plenary Session of the 11th Central Committee in 1978The core leadership position of the whole party has been established, and under the leadership of the whole party, China has entered a new historical period of reform and opening up.
In 1980, he single-handedly led the reform of China's cadre system, so that the cadre tenure system withdrew from China's historical stage, a large number of young talents were reused, and China's revolutionary contingent was able to absorb fresh blood.
In 1982, he met with British Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher and proposed a peaceful settlement of the historical issues in Hong Kong under the premise of upholding the principle of China's sovereigntyIt laid the foundation for China to recover Hong Kong and Macao in 1997 and 1999.
In 1989, the advanced *** resigned from his main job in the party and the state and lived a retirement life. However, ** has always had his heart set on his homeland. In 1991, when the drastic changes in Eastern Europe and the collapse of the Soviet Union caused the cause of socialism to face a huge impactHe inspected the southern provinces and launched the famous Southern Talks, which once again strengthened people's confidence in China's socialist cause in the midst of a storm.
As *** himself said:"I am the son of a Chinese people. ”He worked tirelessly and dedicated his life to the motherland and people he loved. In 1994, ***, who was over 90 years old, fell ill in the hospital, and his life came to the last moment.
On the eve of the Spring Festival in February 1997, ***, who had just recovered from his illness, visited himHe expressed his congratulations to the people of the whole country on the New Year, and exhorted him to do a good job in recovering Hong Kong and convening the 15 th National Congress of the Communist Party of China.
What the Chinese did not expect was that in the early morning of February 19, 1997, the great architect of China's reform and opening up, ***, passed away at the age of 93.
**'s wife, Zhuo Lin, tearfully informed *** of ***'s four-point will*** These four wills are:Do not engage in complicated farewell ceremonies; The body is allowed to be autopsied, and the cornea is donated; The body is eventually cremated; The ashes were scattered into the sea
That's right"Man is inherently dead, or lighter than a feather, or heavier than Mount Tai".At the time of parting, the *** who is still dedicated to contributing to the Chinese people is destined to be remembered by history forever. The Chinese people will never forget the guide who led them to prosperity and strength!