Keywords: Chinese herbal medicine, Chinese medicine, Chinese medicine industry, Chinese herbal medicine industry, supply and marketing of Chinese herbal medicines, Chinese medicine**, Chinese herbal medicine trading.
A few days ago, the Ministry of Commerce and the Ministry of Science and Technology revised and released the "Catalogue of China's Prohibited Export Restriction Techniques". According to the Catalogue, the resources and production technologies of Chinese herbal medicines restricted for export include artificial cultivation technology of Cordyceps militaris, live incense harvesting technology and breeding technology of artificial musk deer (forest musk deer, horse musk deer), etc.; Plant seeds (including seed crude drugs), seedlings and animal provenances and breeding technologies of bulk varieties of medicinal materials included in the Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China; The germplasm and genetic resources of medicinal materials and their artificial breeding technologies included in the List of Wild Plants under National Key Protection and the List of Wild Animals under National Key Protection.
1. The proportion of animal medicinal materials in the pharmacopoeia has decreased.
Figure 1: The proportion of animal Chinese herbal medicines in the last five editions of the pharmacopoeia.
Animal medicinal materials refer to resource products derived from all animal organs, tissues, extracts or processed products, which, together with botanical drugs and mineral medicines, constitute the application system of Chinese herbal medicines. All dynasties have attached great importance to the development and utilization of animal medicinal materials, and have given birth to classic famous medicines such as Liushen Pill, Pien Tze Huang, Wuji Baifeng Pill, and Angong Niuhuang Pill.
However, with the process of economic development and urbanization in China, the depletion of wildlife resources has accelerated, resulting in a decrease in the number of animal Chinese medicinal materials included in various editions of the pharmacopoeia catalogue in the past 20 years. As shown in Figure 1, from 2000 to 2020 editions of the Pharmacopoeia, the proportion of animal Chinese herbal medicines has increased from 947% down to 543%。
Similarly, the 2020 edition of the Pharmacopoeia contains a total of 1,491 proprietary Chinese medicine preparations, including 342 animal preparations, accounting for 2294%。In 2023, a total of 924 Chinese patent medicine enterprises in the country will produce 1,031 kinds of Chinese patent medicines (generic name), and 3,426 kinds of commodity specifications (generic name + dosage form), of which 148 are animal preparation manufacturers, accounting for 16 of the total number of production enterprises02%；There are 531 kinds of traditional Chinese medicine commodities, accounting for 1550%。
Second, the rise and fall of some animal medicinal materials.
Table: Rise and fall table of some animal Chinese herbal medicines.
Among the commonly used animal Chinese medicinal materials, the proportion of ** varieties is too high, which is easy to accelerate the consumption of resources. Among the animal varieties of Chinese herbal medicines, there are 69 varieties dominated by the market of wild resources, of which 29 are commonly used Chinese herbal medicines, accounting for 4203%。
3. Comments on some animal Chinese herbal medicines.
Natural bezoar (kilogram price, the same below), affected by the small amount of goods, ** continues to rise, but the supply is still not large, the holder of the price is firm, the market natural bezoar ** between 1.4 million and 1.5 million, Guan Huang ** between 13-140,000.
Buffalo horn, recently mostly to the merchant inquiry, and the supply of goods is still not fast, ** relatively stable, the current market due to the quality of unequal, the holder of the sales mentality is different, the price of the price of more than 95-115 yuan between 60-65 yuan.
Clams, the market moves around freely, the market has risen, the market supply is sufficient, and there are more foreign goods in the past year, resulting in the domestic and foreign goods are flat, and now Thai goods, large pairs of about 38 yuan, medium pairs of about 30 yuan, small pairs of about 25 yuan, and import output is expected to decrease in 2024.
Tianlong (gecko), recently domestic goods are basically stable, but the goods from the port are late, ** declined, the current market Tianlong domestic goods price in the range of 2500-2600 yuan, imported goods ** between 300-400 yuan.
Mulberry crickets, by the recent demand is not strong, business purchases are still not active, and ** sluggish, the current market ripe cotton more than the asking price between 820-850 yuan, raw crickets ** in about 460 yuan.
Nine spice insects, recently ** basically stable, the supply of small batches of normal trends, the current market full inspection of the price of more than 1600-1650 yuan.
Black snake, the market is more franchised, near the source of normal purchase and sales, and the previous period to maintain stability, the current market **black snake** between 650-670 yuan, the import price of 150 yuan. Due to the difference in quality, the price of this product is a bit messy.
Leeches, as the year approaches, the volume of goods outside the supply has declined and there are holders eager to make a move, **again** falling, the current market is more than 1160 yuan for the price of clean water, and the selection of goods is basically stable between 1250-1300 yuan.
Dilong, in recent days, the goods have been slightly raised, but the market is temporarily limited in fluctuations, the current market Guangxi full open more asking price between 250-260 yuan, Shanghai full open goods ** between 235-240 yuan, imported full open goods ** in about 230 yuan.
Fourth, comprehensive comments.
In September 2020, the State Forestry Administration issued the Notice on Regulating the Classified Management Scope of Forbidden Wild Animals, which determined the classified management scope for 64 species of wild animals that are raised and forbidden to eat, of which 19 are prohibited for the purpose of eating, but are allowed to be cultivated for non-edible purposes such as medicinal use, display, and scientific research. Through the analysis of the production capacity of 23 traditional wild medicinal animals, the dependence of the supply of medicinal animals on pure wild channels is declining year by year. After 2012, domestication and artificial cultivation channels have become the mainstream of supply, among which, turtle insects, deer antlers, antlers, bear bile powder and other products are almost completely superior to artificial channels.
2. Chinese herbal medicine breeding will be a high-speed growth sector in the future At present, among the Chinese herbal medicine production entities, the Chinese herbal medicine planting and production entities occupy an absolute advantage with more than 80%, but the animal Chinese herbal medicine breeding entities account for less than 5%. With the implementation of the "Wildlife Protection", the breeding of animal Chinese medicinal materials will be more standardized and scientific, and the breeding of Chinese medicinal materials will become a high-speed growth sector in the future.
3.Under the guidance of the new version of the catalog, the development and use of animal medicinal materials will inevitably move towards the traceability and strict management channel, not only to strictly manage qualifications; It is likely that warrants will also be issued, that is, only specific aquaculture enterprises will be given each year, and the total amount of specific aquaculture sales will be used up.
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