According to the meteorological department, there will be a wide range of continuous low temperature rain and snow freezing weather process in the central and eastern parts of China in the near future, and the cumulative snowfall in local areas will be close to or exceed the same period in history, with wide coverage of rain and snow, long duration, large range of freezing rain, high risk of rain and snow freezing disasters, coinciding with the large-scale flow of people during the Spring Festival, please check the following health protection points:
1. Travel and outdoor work
Take precautions to keep warm
Wear warm clothing outside, strengthen the warm protection of knee joints, elbow joints, wrist joints and ankle joints, wear hats, scarves, gloves and other warm items, and pay attention to carrying umbrellas; Carry plenty of warm clothing for the elderly and children when traveling long distances; Keep your clothes dry; You can eat more high-calorie foods and drink more hot drinks to enhance cold resistance and resistance.
2. Prevent frostbite
If you are in a low temperature environment for a long time, you need to observe frequently**, especially the exposed parts such as ears, face, hands and other parts to see if there is paleness, stiffness or loss of consciousness; Avoid touching surfaces with bare hands that conduct heat quickly, such as ice, snow or metal; Avoid sitting for long periods of time, and promote blood circulation by rubbing your face frequently**, standing, stomping, rubbing your hands, and other activities. In case of frostbite, it should be rewarmed immediately with warm water, try to get out of the low temperature environment, take off wet and cold clothes, change into dry clothes, hats, shoes and socks, take heat preservation measures, and replenish food energy.
3. Prevent road injuries
Before going out, you should keep abreast of the weather, reduce unnecessary outings, the road ice is easy to cause mechanical damage caused by pedestrians slipping and falling, wear non-slip shoes when going out, be careful and slow down, try to use public transportation, especially avoid bicycles and other travel modes; If you find that you are going to fall, try to squat down and lower your center of gravity to protect your head, wrists, tail vertebrae and other parts from injury; If you accidentally fall and fracture a bone, you should do emergency treatment such as bandaging and fixation, and send to the nearest doctor or call 120 for professional rescue; When driving a vehicle, drive slowly, do a good job of anti-skid measures such as hanging snow chains, pay attention to avoid snow and icy road sections, and do not brake, change lanes and make sharp turns at will.
4. Prevention of cardiovascular diseases
Patients with high blood pressure and heart disease should avoid sudden exposure to low temperatures, avoid strenuous exercise, and monitor blood pressure and heart rate in time. When you wake up in the morning, you can lie down and move your limbs and head, and then get up and move, do not immediately open the window to blow cold air or wash with cold water; Outdoor activities such as morning exercise should be fully warmed up and morning exercise should be avoided on an empty stomach; Patients with a history of cardiovascular disease should carry rescue medication with them when they go out.
5. Prevention of respiratory tract infections
Before and after the Spring Festival holiday, many places across the country may show a trend of alternating or co-epidemic of a variety of respiratory infectious diseases. When returning home, going out and traveling, personal protection should be done, contact with patients with respiratory infections should be avoided, and masks should be worn scientifically when entering crowded places; Balanced diet, regular work and rest, moderate exercise, enhance physical fitness and immunity; Keep air circulation indoors, but do not stand in the wind vent, and add clothes in time for outdoor activities to avoid increasing the chance of infection due to cold.
6. Prevention of intestinal infectious diseases
Severe cold weather can easily lead to freezing and cracking of water supply pipelines, drinking water pollution, and the spread and spread of intestinal infectious diseases. If you are trapped during the journey, pay attention to hand hygiene, drink boiled or bottled water, eat food purchased through regular channels, pay attention to read food labels before eating, understand the production date and other information, and do not pick wild plants and fruits on the roadside by yourself; When you are at home, reasonably stock up on daily ingredients and keep them in the refrigerator; Leftovers are immediately refrigerated, heated thoroughly and eaten again.
7. Prevention of carbon monoxide poisoning
February is still the season of high incidence of non-occupational carbon monoxide poisoning in China, when using coal stoves, fire walls, charcoal fires and other heating methods indoors, pay attention to the coal should be burned out, keep the chimney and wind hopper unobstructed, and avoid placing the equipment directly in the bedroom; Use gas, gas stoves and water heaters at home, and do a good job of maintenance in time, preferably installing carbon monoxide detectors; Charcoal hot pot, barbecue, tea cooking and other dining activities, pay attention to timely ventilation; When driving long distances, pay attention to open the windows regularly for ventilation, and do not sleep in a car with the doors and windows closed and the air conditioning on.
Content**: Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention.
Co-ordinator: Chen Xiaoyu, Liu Jie.