Zi said: ** into filial piety, out of the brother, cautious and faithful, pan love for the public, and benevolence, the line has spare strength, then to learn literature.
The twelfth word - pan.
Saying that the text is pan and floating. From the water, all the sounds. Same as general. It's very different from the flood.
The general writing in the record of the "Shuowen" is 汎. From the fan sound, the Song Dynasty period this word for f, ong sound, rhyme. It is not pronounced peng, but is pronounced as fong.
Floating appearance, in "Shuowen", refers to: the meaning of superficiality.
Therefore, when we later described people who only look at the surface and do not have profound ideas, they will be called "generals".
Later, it was extended to the people who did nothing.
Same as general. It's very different from the flood. This is probably the era of Old Man Xu, and the application of these words is a little confusing, so Old Man Xu specially annotated them.
Slightly equivalent to the meaning of "synonyms" as we do today; "Distinct" means 108,000 miles apart.
Old Man Xu used the "farewell", with an emotional tone.
Ji Yun" is interpreted as: "Cover also". Meaning: pour out all and give all, with the meaning of doing your best, which is the meaning of the word "over" after the Han Dynasty.
"Yunhui" is officially interpreted as: "The sound is small and small." ”
There is the meaning of "people are soft-spoken".
But the focus is on the main body of the word "pan": there is no thought or action.
More precisely, this annotation carries a clear notion of "generality".
This word is extremely common in the writings of the pre-Qin period. There are also many applications in the Book of Songs, and I brought the annotations since the Han Dynasty into the pre-Qin texts, and found that their annotations are difficult to express the wonderful meaning of the pre-Qin texts.
I still take the word "pan" in a poem in the Book of Songs to make a reasoning of philosophical thoughts.
The first word in the first article of "Bai Zhou" in the Book of Poetry and "Shao Feng" is the word "pan".
The original text is as follows:
Pan Pibai, boat; It is also a stream. Geng Geng no, sleep; If there is something hidden, worry. Micro, I have no wine, to Ao, to swim.
My sentence breaks are based on the combination of rhyme and reason. ）
The meaning of the word "cypress" is: the truth that everyone agrees on; Equivalent to social values.
"Boat" cannot be simply understood as a boat, and the hieroglyph of the word "boat" is not a graphic of a boat.
In Zheng Xuan's annotation of "Li", the annotation of "boat" is: "Those who overturn the boat official will be prepared to dump and leak." The interpretation of the word "boat" here is actually more accurate, and the "boat" he said is a means of protection, prevention, and adjustment of balance, attitude, and wisdom, which can prevent the extreme evolution and occurrence of things.
The application of the word "boat" in the interpretation of Erya is the most accurate: the Son of Heaven makes a boat, the princes build a boat, the doctor's ark, the boat, and the Shuren take the boat.
This sentence translates to:According to the situation of the world and the collective will of the people in the world, the Son of Heaven formulated a system that conforms to the rules of humanity. The system here has a clear meaning of stability, reasonableness, and smoothness. The princes should uphold the system of the Son of Heaven to maintain social stability. Doctors should strictly follow the system of the Son of Heaven, and make efforts to ensure the smooth implementation of the system. Shuren supervises and assists in the implementation of policies.
This is a set of political systems run by the Zhou Dynasty, and "Erya" describes it in detail in the form of a "boat".
The essence of human beings to create society is to develop smoothly for each individual, and human individuals cannot exist in nature, so the word "creation" itself emphasizes the concept of unity and collective wisdom and strength.
Judging from the pre-Qin classics, the application of "boat" in the Warring States period has been related to water.
For example, we are familiar with "Carving a Boat for a Sword", in fact, this article occupies a very small proportion in "Lu Lan", and it uses the salvage of the sword that fell into the water to describe people's rigid and dogmatic cognition at that time.
Although the "boat" used in the article seems to be talking about a tool for walking in water, it actually emphasizes and highlights the mode of social collective cognition.
The application of the word "boat" in Mozi Jieyong also expresses the attribution of a clear collective will, which is somewhat similar to our beliefs today, but the object of this belief emphasizes a certain scope.
Original text: Although the three princes of the above are to, the boat is not, easy; Tsu people do not, ornament; The benefits of this boat are also.
The meaning of this sentence is: even if the princes and nobles are in front of the "boat", they can't be special, and the people who are the stable "boat" can't do it for them, so that the "boat" can play its role.
Mozi's thought is a seriously underestimated existence in the history of human thought. He was the first person after Confucius to balance the ideas of elitism and populism, which is remarkable, but his ideas were neither recognized by the high-level elites nor supported by the common people, so he was left out in the cold.
For example, his "deal with a big country, attack a small country; Treat everyone no, usurp a small family; The strong do not, rob the weak; The noble is not, arrogant; Those who deceive do not deceive foolishness. ”
This phenomenon is not good, bullying the weak with the strong, bullying the small with the big, and so on belong to the bad phenomena of society, but how bad? What will be the consequences? How to put an end to it?
There is no systematic "square **" system.
For example, those who are more deceitful do not deceive foolishness, "this is the same as many "success studies" today, the society has developed to the point where everyone needs a standard, but the society has no standard, and it is inevitable that "not deceive the foolish".
"Don't deceive" means to use a kind of logical thinking to systematize unreasonable theories, and then deceive those who are not familiar with these theories.
For example, many pseudo-Chinese medicine practitioners now use traditional medical theories to deceive consumers in a plausible way.
They all belong to the "many deceitfuls, not foolish." ”
By the way, "Mozi", whose articles are of great value to the study of pre-Qin culture, at least we can clearly see the social and cultural characteristics of that time from Mozi's articles.
"Boat" is hinted at in the "Yi Zhi Ci", such as: 刳木 is the boat, and 剡木 is 楫. The benefits of the boat are not passable. The key to this lies in "刳" and "剡".
The word 刳 is pronounced ku, which originally means the process of cutting wood and breaking it down into planks; So it leads to dissection.
There is another meaning, which is related to the early "boat", that is, the hollowing out of trees, in fact, not only the hollowing out of trees, as long as the process of hollowing out can be called "刳".
Of course, it doesn't count if the bed is hollowed out by a woman, that is called "squeezing".
Therefore, "刳" is the emptiness of form, not the emptiness of mind.
Hollowing out wood, including hollowing out animal entrails and then inflating them, is similar to the principle of today's lifebuoys, and empty things tend to float on the water, which is also the application of "buoyancy" in the early days of our ancients.
The force exerted by the object immersed in the fluid in the vertical upward direction of the fluid is called buoyancy. This is the Western definition of buoyancy, if we refer to our word "boat", is it an explanation for the word "boat"?
Buoyancy and area are directly related to density, and the earliest person who skillfully applied this principle was Dayu.
剡, the word pronounced yan, originally means: through the artificial processing of a certain object, and then the object is fixed in a certain place. It has a bit of a meaning of "peg", but this kind of "peg" is not necessarily wooden, and it is a large volume of "peg".
The original meaning of "楫" is a talent or thing with strong ability to "stabilize and balance".
The benefits of the boat are not to cross the river by boat, but to open the waterway through the "boat". Therefore, the "boat" itself is not a means of transportation in the water, but a tool used to open a waterway.
When we look at the hieroglyphs, whether it is horizontal or vertical, it is all about a principle of fixation on water.
This principle is easier for people who have traditionally blocked the river to irrigate farmland, such as the flood after the rain, everyone wants to intercept a part of the water to the farmland, at this time one person can not complete, must be fixed by the people on the shore of a few points, these fixed points are called "剡点", and then in the "剡点" to do "楫", so that the "刳物" put down will not be washed away by the water.
Once there is a stable object in the water, the "point" of the water is formed, and then the water is made "楫", so that a man-made water-breaking obstacle is formed, so that the water flow will enter the channel.
The principle of this method was first recorded in the "Examination of the Gongji", and the "Examination of the Gongji" belongs to a part of the "Zhou Li", which includes mechanics, acoustics, smelting, mathematics, Jishui, Sinong and other contents, of which the "Jishui" part is about water conservancy engineering.
This book not only talks about tools and transformation principles, but also includes the division of labor and cooperation of the team.
There is a passage called "The one who knows creates things, the one who is skillful tells them, and the one who keeps them, and the world says the work."
This sentence is understood today:The concept created by the creative team has been repeatedly experimented by the industry's top structural engineers, mechanics, material engineers, functional testers, etc., and summarized the experience little by little, which is called "work".
In today's world's top industries, technological innovation is still carried out according to this principle. And this is our civilization more than 3,000 years ago.
Of course, the loss of our ancient books and the discontinuation of culture are also the first class of all mankind, so how painful the process of finding evidence is, how much I regret the loss of our culture.
For example, Sun Shuao, this person is known to very few people today, but this person's water conservancy project still shines on the people of Anhui generation. His project is called Shaobei.
These two words are a way of hydraulic engineering, a technique that has been improved on the kind of method I am talking about, and this technology makes full use of the power of water to transform the flow of water.
It has fully realized the principle of "giving back to the other with the power of the other".
Sun Shuao promoted the strength of the Chu State to a certain extent, the premise of the land of fish and rice is water, and whoever can make good use of water conservancy can become a rich and powerful country.
Mr. Sun's ability to use water has reached its peak, such as the use of "freighters", and has applied time, environment, resources, and manpower to social life in an all-round and three-dimensional way.
Therefore, the original meaning of "boat" is the same as the concept of "rejuvenating the country through science and technology" today.
It's just that the most important technology at that time was agricultural irrigation, and it was precisely because the "boat" had such a strong concept that the "boat" was often extended to the stability of national governance.
Therefore, the meaning of "Bai Zhou" is: a social policy driven by collective values.
This is also the earliest source of the concept of "tender water".
Of course, the values and beliefs of the ancients were "cypress", not money, beauty, and power.
Baizhou, the concept that everyone agrees on, the ideal pursued together, requires the hard work of the whole family to realize. The simple translation is: "Those who want the same up and down win." ”
Behind this lies the premise of "the same desire from top to bottom." ”
How to achieve the same desire? This is the ideological value of the article "Bai Zhou" in the deep social management.
Pan Pibai, boat; It is also a stream.
Abbreviation:If we want everyone to move forward in unity, we must proceed from the fundamental interests of everyone. Pan Pi means: If you want to achieve that result or achievement, you should achieve the goal.
The simple understanding of "is to conform to the will of the people and lead by example."
Because of this, the back is used as "micro self no wine, to Ao Yi swim." ”
And the last two sentences of "Bai Zhou" are even more point-quiet words, thinking about it, not (fu) can fly.
Only the idea of "Baizhou" can make all people achieve achievements and everyone work hard with one heart and one mind.
No, (fu) can fly, which is equivalent to the meaning of "chicken dog **" we say today, but the chicken dog of the ancients is the chicken dog of everyone, not the chicken dog of one person or one family.
It is not difficult for us to find from the Book of Songs that "pan" refers to a mode of operation, a means of execution, and a behavioral requirement or condition to achieve the result.
Equivalent to: If. Have to. "Rafting" means "must pay".
Let's go back to the word-making of the word "pan".
For this character, I did not find the hieroglyphs before the pre-Qin period, but only the word "pan" since the Warring States period.
The character "pan" in the seal script is composed of the words "water" and "lack".
The words I can find can only be found in the Zhongshan period at the earliest. Although the Zhongshan Kingdom was in the Warring States Period, the way the character "lacking" was written was very different from today.
It's kind of like today's word for "district".
Let's look at the way the seal script is written.
The word "lack" in the seal book, the following is not today's "zhi", but the reverse use of the word "positive".
Today, when we can't find an excuse or are not convincing, we say: That's it anyway, you can do it!
This use of writing is also very common in hieroglyphs.
Therefore, if the meaning of the word "lacking" at that time was put into a person's career, it was called "doing one's own thing, relying on heaven and earth and relying on one's parents, and it is not a good man." ”
If you put it to the king, you have to put it into action.
Therefore, the word "lack" emphasizes the meaning of having to pay and go all out.
Hence the words of tiredness, toil, and fatigue.
Let's see that Mencius has a sentence called "empty body", does it mean to empty oneself? Doesn't that mean you have to do your best?
Because it is "necessary", it is "empty".
It is necessary not to pretend, not to perform, not to be lucky, but to do it in a real way, and this spiritual understanding is itself a state of life - the extreme.
Generic words: In order to achieve a certain ideal, in order to achieve a certain goal, the continuous behavior of doing one's best.
Two conditions for generics:
1. Make every effort and go all out;
2. Persistence and perseverance.
This is to say that it takes a long process from the beginning to the end of a thing, especially for the development of all mankind, and it requires a long struggle.
Pan, the winner, must be repeated.
The "over" here, I follow the annotation of "Collection of Rhymes".
The "over" in "Ji Yun" means "all pay".
In other words: if you want to achieve your goals, you always want to get lucky, you always want to get something for nothing, that's impossible.
Of course, this kind of concept "Gathering Rhyme" has a "cover", which is very thorough and remarkable.
The "Literary Dictionary" of Jiyun is a "literary dictionary" that Song Qi, Zheng Jian, and Jia Changchao, the ministers of Song Renzong, successively questioned the text annotation classics of the Song Zhenzong period.
That is, the minister of Renzong thought that the "Guangyun" and "Rhyme" annotated by Renzong's father during his father's period were unreliable, so the "Collection of Rhymes" in the period of Renzong was born.
The leader of the book is called Tindu.
This old gentleman is the official and the governor of the political affairs, which is equivalent to the figure of today's "head of the organization department", with a supervisory function.
The most important thing is that Mr. Ding is a real exegesis expert, whose ancestral home is today's Qinghe clan in Xingtai, Hebei Province, and his nickname is Wen Jian.
In Chinese history, the people with the word "Wen" were all big shots, great big people. They are all people who have made great contributions to Chinese civilization and are great sages for the survival of humanity.
Today's Chinese only know Kou Zhun and Bao Gong, these legendary story characters, but very few people know about the characters who have really contributed to our Chinese people. It's a little bit of a whimper!
It is precisely because since the founding of the Song Dynasty that the cultural errors and biases since the Han Dynasty have been constantly corrected, so the culture of the Song Dynasty has opened a prosperous situation of Chinese culture since the Zhenzong period.
Ouyang Xiu, Fan Zhongyan, and Bao Zheng were all big figures in the Renzong period. The tanuki changing the prince is also telling the story of Renzong, but the ignorant children of later generations have no other fart skills except arranging, slandering, and humiliating the ancestors.
Among them, Ouyang Xiu's name is "Wenzhong", and Fan Zhongyan's name is "Wenzheng". A person who can say "the worries of the world first, and the joy of the world after the world" not only has a high ideological and cultural realm, but also his life pursuit is exemplary.
Of course, this sentence was addressed to the emperor and courtiers.
The world is the people of Limin.
Therefore, luxury cars and mansions are first enjoyed by the people of Limin; Difficulties and hardships had to be borne by the emperor and courtiers. Even if it was a slogan, it was at least a well-known slogan at the time.
These people are all Confucian scholars, and they are all people who have come out of Confucius's thought.
Therefore, they have all been famous through the ages.
End of chapter.