Since the end of the Liberation War in 1949, Chiang Kai-shek led the remnants of the Kuomintang to flee to Taiwan Province, and began their dream of "** mainland". The United States is also constantly intervening in this and trying to create a "conspiracy", but this is actually obvious.
Although Chiang Kai-shek was ambitious, colluded with foreign countries, and even put forward the absurd policy of "settling the interior before attacking the outside world" during the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, he was always unswerving on the issue of "one China" and principle.
In order to realize the reunification of the motherland and ensure the tranquility of the people on both sides of the strait, the leaders of the Communist Party of China with the core took the initiative to launch several rounds of peace talks with the Kuomintang and invited Chiang Kai-shek to return to the mainland.
In 1965, Chiang Kai-shek finally said that as long as the mainland met the six conditions, he was willing to return to the mainland and realize cross-strait reunification. For the sake of the bigger picture, ** gladly accepted these six conditions.
However, as we have all seen, the peace talks were ultimately in vain.
What conditions did Chiang Kai-shek put forward? Why did he change his mind? In this issue of Historical Literature, we will reveal the truth for you. Mainland: At the beginning of 1949, with successive defeats in the three major battles of Liaoshen, Huaihai, and Pingjin, the Kuomintang lost 1.54 million troops, and the military force that maintained reactionary rule was almost completely destroyed.
To make matters worse, the Xingui warlords also began to become active at this time, and Bai Chongxi, known as "Little Zhuge ", took the opportunity to send a telegram directly to Lao Chiang to force the palace, saying that "only Chiang Kai-shek can conduct peace talks" and tried to replace him.
Under this double pressure, the Chiang Kai-shek regime appeared to be in decline and in full decline. On the contrary, the Communist Party and the People's Liberation Army continued to attack with a devastating momentum, crossing the Yangtze River, liberating Nanjing, and eliminating the main force, so that the bright red party flag fluttered in the sky all over the country.
With the proclamation of the People's Republic of China, ** was powerless on the mainland, and eventually Chiang Kai-shek fled to Taiwan. However, despite the defeat in the war, Chiang Kai-shek did not give up.
As soon as he landed in Taiwan, he immediately made a plan for the "**mainland". The island of Taiwan has a unique geographical advantage, as an important transportation hub of the north-south route of the Pacific Ocean, connecting the ocean and the Eurasian continent, and is one of the most important maritime transportation centers in the world.
In addition, the island of Taiwan is also connected to Hainan Island and the Zhoushan Islands, forming a "great wall on the sea" and a natural barrier to defend China's southeast coast. For Chiang Kai-shek, Taiwan meant much more than that.
During the Westernization Movement from the 60s to the 90s of the 19th century, Liu Mingchuan became the first governor of Taiwan Province, and he led Taiwan to carry out a large-scale Westernization reform, introducing Western science and technology and machine production, and promoting the development of new schools, the military, telecommunications, commerce and transportation, so that Taiwan took the lead in entering the era of modernization.
After the Treaty of Shimonoseki in 1895, the Japanese invaded Taiwan Province and established many military bases and industrial facilities on the island. These facilities were preserved after the defeat and formed the advanced industrial and commercial base and military equipment of Taiwan Province.
Coupled with the strong support of the United States, Chiang Kai-shek has very strong confidence in the mainland. When the People's Liberation Army was busy recovering the interior, Chiang Kai-shek had already sent troops to seize Kinmen Island, Matsu Island, and other southeastern coastal islands, in an attempt to establish a naval blockade chain centered on the island of Taiwan, waiting for an opportunity to attack the mainland.
However, the reality is often not as good as it could be. Despite Chiang Kai-shek's good intentions, the reality turned out to be very cruel. In the early years, Chiang Kai-shek was able to escape for several years due to the weak air and navy of the Chinese People's Liberation Army and the inability to withdraw from the focus on resisting US aggression and aiding Korea.
However, with the victory of the War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea, the situation was reversed. In 1954, our army launched the "Southeast Coastal Operation Plan" in an all-round way, from south to north, from small to large, and recovered many islands such as Dachen Island and Jiangshan Island in one fell swoop, effectively striking a blow to the arrogance and sphere of influence of the first country.
During this period, ** was repeatedly defeated in the struggle against the PLA, and the United States began to peep and make moves. The United States has long been hostile to China, especially against China's socialist regime.
Before the founding of the People's Republic of China, the United States did its best to support Chiang Kai-shek, hoping that the Kuomintang would defeat the Communist Party and thus consolidate its position in the capitalist camp. However, the strength of the CCP and popular support have frustrated the US plan.
After the failure of the plan, the United States resorted to a common and despicable means - to create China**. Similarly to the Korean Peninsula and Vietnam, they are trying to create a "situation in which China will weaken its power and take full control of the Taiwan Province regime."
After the outbreak of the Korean War in 1950, Truman of the United States, in disregard of the consultation with Chiang Kai-shek, brazenly sent troops to Taiwan in the name of "fleet patrolling the Taiwan Strait", as if the island of Taiwan was his backyard.
In December 1954, the United States forced the Chinese Taiwan authorities to sign the invalid "US-Chiang Mutual Defense Treaty" and obtained the right to deploy naval, army, and air forces on the island of Taiwan, the Penghu Islands, and their adjacent waters.
There is a shame on the diplomatic behavior of the United States. During the 1958 Battle of Kinmen, U.S. Secretary of State Dulles issued a statement saying that if the PLA was willing to cease fire, the United States would intervene to persuade the Kuomintang to withdraw from Kinmen and Matsu.
On the surface, the United States has shown the image of a righteous man and a gentleman, but in fact, its purpose is to use the Taiwan Strait as a boundary to achieve complete separation and confrontation between the two sides of the Chinese strait.
This ambition was obvious, but Chiang Kai-shek did not share it. Although he is very dependent on the United States, as a Chinese with nationalist beliefs, he attaches great importance to China's sovereignty and dignity, and does not want to become a puppet of the United States, nor does he want China's sovereignty and dignity to be violated and trampled on by other countries.
Therefore, he also asked Ye Gongchao, the "chief" of the people, to make a public statement, making it clear that Taiwan is part of China's territory and that any US proposals and statements on Taiwan will not affect China's sovereignty over Taiwan.
In the face of internal and external pressure, Chiang Kai-shek weighed the situation and decided to join forces with the Communist Party to resist the United States, and began to consider peace talks with the mainland and realize cross-strait reunification. Although between 1950 and 1975, the KMT-CPC negotiations on cross-strait reunification experienced ups and downs, if we want to choose a representative "ice-breaking day", then July 20, 1965 is undoubtedly the most representative.
On this day, Li Zongren, the former second-in-command of the Kuomintang and the deputy leader of the Chinese **Kuomintang, returned to the motherland after 16 years of leaving Chinese mainland, and was warmly received by leaders such as **** in Beijing.
Li Zongren issued a declaration at a press conference at home and abroad, calling on Taiwan colleagues and people from all walks of life overseas to clearly understand the general national righteousness and the general trend and make contributions to the final reunification of the motherland.
On the same day, Chiang Kai-shek and Chiang Ching-kuo secretly met Cao Juren at the Hanbi Building, the official residence of Sun Moon Lake, Cao Juren was a famous journalist and writer during the ** period, served as a war correspondent, had personal relations in the top echelons of the Kuomintang and the Communist Party, and was a staunch patriot who played an important role as a "messenger of peace" on both sides of the strait.
Cao Juren handed over the "Linjiang Immortal" written by *** personally to Chiang Kai-shek, in which "the bright moon is still there, when will the colorful clouds return" expressed the sincerity and expectation of the hope that the KMT and the Communist Party will join hands again and work together for the reunification of the motherland.
Cao Juren and Chiang's father and son began discussions on the conditions for cross-strait reunification, and after arduous negotiations, the two sides reached the famous "six-point agreement." The agreement stipulates that Chiang Kai-shek can return to the mainland to serve as president of the Kuomintang and settle in any province or region except Zhejiang, Chiang Ching-kuo will become the governor of Taiwan, Taiwan Province will enjoy a high degree of autonomy for 20 years, Taiwan will not accept US aid, Taiwan's navy and air force will be merged into Beijing's control, Xiamen and Kinmen will be merged into a free city, the treatment of the Taiwan authorities will remain unchanged, and the people's living security can only be improved.
* These demands were accepted, and Chiang Kai-shek was provided with a residence and office in Lushan, as well as a request that Taiwan Province must have its land for cultivators in agriculture. Chiang Ching-kuo also personally took Cao Juren to Taiwan to attend the meeting.
The comprehensiveness and detail of these agreements show the eagerness and sincerity of the Chiang family and his son for the return to the mainland and the reunification of the two sides of the strait.
So it seems that Chiang Kai-shek's father and son's handling of the KMT-CCP peace talks is indeed problematic. They initially showed sincerity, which made the CCP ** satisfied, but suddenly reversed itself during the implementation stage, making the situation very embarrassing.
The reason for this may be that in 1966, the mainland entered a special period, which made Chiang Kai-shek feel resigned, and at the same time reflected his character of going back on his word.
As a matter of fact, this negotiation in 1965 was not the first time that the KMT-CCP peace talks were held, as early as 1950, Chiang Kai-shek had the idea of peace talks, and sent Li Cibai as a secret envoy to the mainland to test the CCP's tone.
This shows that Chiang Kai-shek's father and son were not firm in their attitude towards the peace talks, and they also lacked a clear plan and action.
Li Cibai may seem to contradict his previous narrative, but in fact it is only an overview of long-term trends. If you look deeply, you will find that Chiang Kai-shek faced a great threat during this period.
In May 1950, after the PLA successfully liberated Hainan Island, Zhoushan Islands and other islands, it began to actively prepare for war, planning to launch a large-scale attack on Taiwan Province in August to deliver the final blow to the Kuomintang.
In June, the People's Liberation Army (PLA) had assembled more than 10 armies and hundreds of thousands of elite troops to rush toward Taiwan in the coastal zone, just waiting for an order. The PLA Air Force, with the support of the Soviet Union, has as many as 400 fighters ready to go, which makes the people who are still alive and discouraged.
At the same time, the United States gave up supporting Chiang Kai-shek, so that Chiang Kai-shek had no confidence in a war with the PLA. What the United States wanted was to support a capitalist country that did what it said it would, but the outcome of the Liberation War disappointed the United States, believing that Chiang Kai-shek and the Kuomintang were incapable of supporting Adou and that it was not worth wasting material and financial resources.
Truman's Secretary of State Acheson even ridiculed Time magazine reporters: "We must find a way to get rid of the Chinese Nationalists in Taiwan." ”
In the early days of the founding of the People's Republic of China, a large number of American experts and scholars suggested "recognizing New China," including Professor Fairbank, who was hailed as the "founder of Chinese studies."
They pointed out that China is not a communist regime in Eastern Europe supported by the Soviet Union, but has its own Marxist tradition and strong nationalist colors. China's ideology showed that China would not blindly follow the dictates of the Soviet Union, and that sooner or later China and the Soviet Union would part ways, given the Soviet Union's hegemonism in the Cold War.
Therefore, there is no need for the United States to become an enemy of New China because of the abolished Kuomintang regime, and friendship with New China is the best strategy to safeguard long-term interests in the Far East. In addition, Chiang Kai-shek offended Truman by betting on the wrong treasure in support of the Republican candidate John Dewey during the 1948 United States**.
Truman's re-election was also one of the reasons why Truman was high-profile and spicy when he abandoned the Kuomintang.
With the momentum of the People's Liberation Army, American support was also temporarily suspended. Chiang Kai-shek understood that if he waited until August for the PLA to attack, Taiwan Province would inevitably be recovered by force, and the Kuomintang would also face collapse.
Therefore, Chiang Kai-shek urgently sent Li Cibai to the mainland to try to hold peace talks. However, at that time, the policy of "recovering Taiwan by force" was still implemented, so Li Cibai's proposal was rejected.
Just as Chiang Kai-shek ordered Li Cibai to hold on, the Movement to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea was fiercely launched on July 10.
We suspended our plan to recover Taiwan and went all out to organize volunteers to fight in Korea. With the outbreak of the War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea, the positions of New China and the United States were opposed.
The United States expressed its dissatisfaction with this and quickly cooperated with the Kuomintang to stir up the situation. And Chiang Kai-shek, who was originally trying to negotiate peace with us for reasons of the situation, immediately recalled Li Cibai and re-planned the plan of ** the mainland.
The interruption of the peace talks in 1950 was the result of a combination of factors. The second negotiation in 1956 highlighted Chiang Kai-shek's contradictions.
In the early days of the founding of the People's Republic of China, in view of the continuation of the War of Liberation and the tension of the United States, as well as the intervention of the United States, the CCP once considered liberating Taiwan by force. However, as China entered the "period of building socialism in an all-round way" in 1956, a peaceful and stable environment was needed in all fields, so the policy towards Taiwan Province also changed.
At the Bandung Conference in 1955, Premier ** made it clear that as long as Chiang Kai-shek agreed to the peaceful reunification of China.
1. Peacefully liberate Taiwan and recognize the **people**, and the Chinese people will forgive and accept him and the people in Taiwan.
In April 1956, the basic principles for the peaceful settlement of the Taiwan issue were further determined, that is, peace is precious, patriotism is one family, patriotism is not in any order, sincerity is the basis for each other, and freedom to come and go.
Li Weihan, as the head of the first department of the Communist Party of China, personally negotiated with Song Yishan, the envoy sent by Chiang Kai-shek, and put forward four conditions for cooperation between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party. These conditions fully took into account the interests and sentiments of Chiang Kai-shek's side, and were similar to the six conditions put forward by Chiang Kai-shek in 1965.
However, Chiang Kai-shek rejected the peace talks for very interesting reasons. It is reported that after Song Yishan stayed in Beijing for two weeks, he wrote a detailed report and sent it back to Chiang Kai-shek in advance.
In his report, Song Yishan confirmed the sincerity of the CCP's peace talks, and highly praised the achievements and development of the Communist Party and the mainland, while bluntly saying that Chiang Kai-shek's dream of restoring the country had been shattered.
Chiang Kai-shek was deeply outraged by this report, and he could not accept the fact that the Communist Party was stronger than the Kuomintang and that the mainland outgrew Taiwan, although this was an indisputable fact.
From the three peace talks in 1950, 1956 and 1965, it can be seen that Chiang Kai-shek was in fact a "man who pretended to be asleep". He has been comforting himself, believing that the victory of the CCP was accidental, and that the Kuomintang still has the strength to compete with the CCP in Taiwan, and no matter how decaying the Kuomintang is, he always has hope and looks forward to the opportunity to seize power.
There's a famous saying, "You can never wake up someone who is pretending to be asleep." "Chiang Kai-shek is such a person, who has always been immersed in his dream of the mainland, and is unwilling to wake up.
Although he had negotiated half-asleep, he always ended up closing his eyes and unwilling to face reality. With the death of Chiang's father and son and the coming to power of **, ** became increasingly nervous.
However, the current CPC and the People's Liberation Army (PLA) are fully prepared, and the plan for governing Taiwan after reunification has matured. It is only a matter of time before the treasure island of Taiwan is recovered.