On December 25, 1991, the wheel of history came to an end over the Kremlin. The "red flag", which once symbolized socialism, fluttered for the last time in the wind.
In the evening, Gorbachev announced to the Soviet people on television that he would resign from his post **. At that moment, he cleaned up his desk in the office, and his expression was depressed. For this old man, who is over sixty years old, his heart is full of regrets.
The next day, the House of Republics of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR held its last meeting, which declared that "the USSR ceases to exist." At this moment, the wheel of history continues to move forward, taking away a period of former glory.
At the end of the 20th century, the Soviet Union, the world's largest socialist country, collapsed with a bang, shocking the world. The collapse of the Soviet Union not only put enormous pressure on other countries in the same camp, but also raised questions about the prospects of the socialist road.
After the collapse of the Soviet Union, the world was left with only a few socialist countries: China, Vietnam, North Korea, Laos and Cuba, among which China's potential and strength were recognized by the whole world. However, the imperialist countries, led by the United States, did not want to see the rise of another Soviet Union.
In the face of a harsh international environment and the emergence of various doubts and opposing voices at home, China's socialist road is facing unprecedented challenges.
In the face of many difficulties, he showed excellent insight, learned from the lessons of the failure of the collapse of the Soviet Union, firmly adhered to the socialist road, and created a unique Chinese socialist road according to the actual situation in China.
His wisdom and courage are like a strong light, leading the Chinese people to the road of prosperity, which is what we often call the "road of socialism with Chinese characteristics".
Since the collapse of the Soviet Union, the wheels of history have rolled forward, but this path remains firm and steady, serving as a guiding light to lead China into the future.
Against the backdrop of the continuous growth of the Soviet Union's strength, they not only made breakthroughs in heavy industry and aerospace industry, but also relied on their influence to build a socialist camp with the Soviet Union as the core.
At its peak, the Soviet Union was the only major power in the world that could compete with the United States. However, the superpower ended up in bankruptcy for various reasons.
During the Gorbachev period, in order to promote the Soviet economy into an "adjustable market economy", he carried out a number of reforms of unprecedented scale, but they backfired, causing the Soviet Union to fall deeper and deeper down the wrong path, and finally to disintegration.
Despite the fact that under Gorbachev the Soviet Union had the potential to reach the level of developed countries, the standard of living of the Soviet people lagged behind. The main reason for this phenomenon, in addition to the erroneous reforms of the country's leaders, lies in the rigid economic system and irrational economic structure of the Soviet Union.
1.In the era of rapid development, the country's economic system failed to keep pace with the times and became a key factor in the economic backwardness of the USSR. The problem of political rigidity was evident as early as the Stalin period, when the relationship between the party and the state was chaotic, the party was used as a substitute for government for a long time, the party and the government were not separated, and the supreme leader concentrated power for a long time, which deviated from the principles of a democratic republic.
2.The Soviet Union has had long-standing historical problems, and the internal national question has not been properly resolved, which has led to increasingly acute internal contradictions, which have become uncontrollable. If a country is likely to go bankrupt, there must be serious problems with its ideology and policy.
In the 80s of the last century, the neglect of ideological policies by some leaders of the Soviet Union led to ideological confusion within the party, and some people even openly advocated the pluralism of guiding ideology.
This phenomenon created an opportunity for the infiltration of "hostile ideas", which ultimately put the Soviet Union in an irreparable predicament. Under the gradual deterioration of various factors, the collapse of the Soviet Union seemed sudden, but in fact it was a historical inevitability.
As a former superpower, the influence of the Soviet Union after its collapse should not be underestimated. After the collapse of the Soviet Union, the Yalta system also collapsed, and the pattern of hegemony with the United States also changed.
And those socialist countries that were in the same camp as the Soviet Union, due to the fall of the big brother, the socialist movement also suffered a serious blow, and the international social movement also entered a low period.
For China, such a situation is undoubtedly fraught with crisis.
During the "Cold War" between the United States and the Soviet Union, the United States began to show friendship to China in order to resist the Soviet Union. However, since the collapse of the Soviet Union, Chinese politics has entered a period of turmoil, and Sino-US relations have reversed.
As the largest socialist country, China became an emerging target in the capitalist world and had to withstand all kinds of pressure from the United States. With the disappearance of the Soviet Union, the United States became the sole superpower, and when the United States shifted its strategic focus to Asia, China's living space was seriously threatened by the United States and further compressed.
After the collapse of the Soviet Union, its nuclear technology was also widely proliferated, and many countries around China claimed nuclear **. As a result, the nuclear security relationship between China and the United States has become increasingly unequal.
In China, after the collapse of the Soviet Union's huge "Red Empire", people began to waver about the path of reform. This made the entire socialist camp feel that there was no hope that the goal would be achieved.
The tragic end of the Soviet Union forced other countries to rethink the path of socialism. If we do not adapt to our national circumstances, the outcome will be less than ideal.
The collapse of the Soviet Union put China on the cusp, but to some extent, it accelerated the rise of the new China.
After the collapse of the Soviet Union, Russia inherited most of the "legacy", but it was still inferior in strength to the Soviet Union. The Soviet Union had deployed a large number of troops in northern China, and with the collapse of the Soviet Union, the threat from northern China disappeared.
The collapse of the Soviet Union also led to the flow of a large number of high-level talents to China, injecting fresh blood into China's high-end technology development. At the same time, in order to recover the economy, Russia has to increase domestic energy exports, providing China with development opportunities.
At this critical moment, with its firm determination to reform and thoughtful strategy, it led China to seize the period of "reform and opening up", so that New China has achieved rapid and stable development.
As for "reform," it is actually a profound process of adjusting interests, and the first thing that needs to be resolved is the direction of reform, that is, "what banner to raise, what road to take, who to rely on, and for whom."
The failure of the reforms in the USSR was the failure to grasp the issue well.
Regardless of the country, it is essential to stick to the ideological bottom line. During the Khrushchev and Gorbachev periods, the Soviet Union deviated from the Leninist principles of party building, which led to an erroneous reform line and eventually went to an irreparable situation.
The reform of socialism in China has always adhered to the bottom line of ideology. In 1979, although there were a very small number of people who tried to negate the socialist road, they resolutely pointed out: "Adhere to the socialist road, adhere to people's democracy, adhere to the leadership of the Communist Party, and adhere to the ideology of Marxism-Leninism." ”
These principles have provided strong support and guarantee for China's socialist reform.
Under the leadership of the Communist Party of China, the Communist Party of China adheres to the four basic principles, which are the principles that our party has adhered to for a long time, which are unshakable, and together with reform and opening up, they constitute the core content of the party's basic line.
**At the 12th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, it was pointed out that we need to combine the universal truth of Marxism with China's actual national conditions and embark on a socialist road suitable for China.
At the 13th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, ** once again emphasized "taking economic construction as the center, adhering to the four basic principles, and adhering to reform and opening up", which made China's reform always have a clear goal.
In 1991, after the drastic changes in the Soviet Union, ** summed up the lessons and said: "We must turn bad things into good things, and then turn good things into traditions, and adhere to Marxism, which is our ancestor." ”
In this era of sudden changes in the international situation, he still insisted on taking Marxism as his guide to ensure that China's socialist road would develop in a correct and healthy direction.
The contrast between the Soviet leader and the Soviet leader's adherence to the ideological bottom line has provided a strong guarantee for the reform of China's socialist road.
The incident on the Road to the South made *** alert to the "bankruptcy" of the communist parties of the Eastern European countries, but the collapse of the Soviet Union as a superpower brought him unprecedented pressure.
** I am convinced that if there is an endless debate in China about whether the surname "She" or the surname "capital" is endless, then China will lose the ** period of reform and opening up, and may even repeat the mistakes of the Soviet Union.
On January 17, 1992, 20 days after the collapse of the Soviet Union, 88-year-old *** toured the south with anxiety and urgency during the "crisis" period.
On January 18, ** and a group arrived at Wuchang Station in Hubei Province by special train. Guan Guangfu, secretary of the Hubei Provincial Party Committee, Guo Shuyan, governor of Hubei Province, and other comrades waited at the station for a long time.
During the 20 minutes of my stay at Wuchang Station, ** did not go to the waiting room, but talked directly to colleagues on the platform. "The key to handling domestic affairs well is to develop the economy, boldly promote reform and opening up, and do not be afraid.
As soon as our pace of development slows down, there will be problems with the common people as soon as they are compared. * Cordially talked with the leading comrades of Hubei Province, "Formalism is bureaucracy, and we must spare more time to do practical things, and do more with less talk." ”
**After a hurried 20-minute farewell, we immediately rushed to the next stop, and the trip was not affected in the slightest. A few days later, the General Office of the CPC issued a circular in order to reduce the excessive routine activities of leading comrades.
**'s speech received a positive response from the relevant departments. Wuchang Station is the "wonderful opening remarks" of this southern tour. On the 19th, the special train arrived in Shenzhen, the city of Shenzhen, and after a short rest, he began to visit non-stop, saying that in Shenzhen, he couldn't sit still.
Accompanied by the leaders of Guangdong Province, ** had a deeper understanding of the Special Economic Zone. The establishment of the Shenzhen Special Economic Zone has been opposed by many people, but *** once again made it clear that "the surname of the Special Economic Zone is 'She', not 'capital'".
Under the watchful eye of the Shenzhen Special Economic Zone, the rapid development of the Shenzhen Special Economic Zone, although the domestic environment is somewhat turbulent, he firmly emphasized: "The success of the Special Economic Zone lies in adhering to the 'one center, two basic points', and deviating from this direction means perdition." ”
His firm words showed the way forward. **The delegation conducted a 7-day investigation visit to the Zhuhai Special Economic Zone, visited the local emerging industries, and expressed great encouragement and support for these industries.
He stressed: "Science and technology are the primary productive forces, and development is the last word. ”
**During the Southern Tour, his outstanding speeches and unique insights were like a raging fire, igniting a new round of reform and opening up. Under the severe challenges of the global internal and external situation, firm belief and leadership are like an eternal beacon, illuminating the way forward for the Chinese people.
When asked why the Soviet Union collapsed so quickly, Gorbachev replied without hesitation: "If the Soviet Union had *** the result might have been different." This is undoubtedly Gorbachev's highest praise for ***.
Deng Gong's contribution was not limited to China, he changed the whole world. We must inherit his spirit, follow his ideas, and stick to his path, so as to pay tribute to our ancestors and rejuvenate the Chinese nation.