Zhao Dexun, born in 1965, is a native of Linyi, Shandong. In 1989, he graduated from the Fine Arts Department of Qufu Normal University with a bachelor's degree, and studied calligraphy and painting under Yang Xiangxian, Chen Wuhong, Yang Shuo, Long Rui, Zhang Baozhu, Zhang Zhimin and other professional predecessors. In 2015, he entered the China National Academy of Painting under the tutelage of Professor Zhang Zhimin, and in 2017, he entered the Zhang Zhimin Finger Ink Studio of the China National Academy of Painting. At present, he is the deputy research librarian of Jinan Cultural Center, the vice president of Jinan Painting Institute of the Democratic League, the vice president of Shandong Taishan Chinese Painting Institute, the distinguished professor of Qufu Normal University, the distinguished painter of Jinan Painting Institute, the consultant of Hong Kong Satellite TV International Painting and Calligraphy Institute, a member of the Chinese Artists Association, and a member of the Shandong Artists Association.
An analysis of the blank space technique in the creation of Chinese freehand landscape painting.
Text: Zhao Dexun.
As the most commonly used expression technique in the creation of freehand landscape painting, blank space plays an important role in the artistic conception creation of landscape painting. The blank space technique can better create the atmosphere and artistic conception of the picture, and improve the depth of creation. The blank space technique usually combines virtual reality and rendering techniques to create an ethereal and ethereal artistic conception, providing the viewer with a rich imagination space. The use of blank space techniques can often enrich the artistic conception of painting, and can better reflect the beauty and layering of Chinese freehand painting.
1. The meaning of blank space in the creation of Chinese freehand landscape painting.
Blank space, simply understood as leaving a blank space in the creation, is an independent form of artistic expression in the creation of landscape painting, and the use of blank space techniques in the creation is also a test for the artist, and the blank space pursues the coordination between the whole picture and the blank part. At present, this form of artistic expression is widely used in the fields of calligraphy and painting creation in China, but the use of blank techniques in the creation process of Chinese freehand landscape painting is relatively more unique. The focus of traditional Chinese freehand painting is freehand, the pursuit of the artistic conception and charm of the picture, in order to achieve the artistic conception of the creation, the blank space technique is often used in conjunction with other artistic expressions. Landscape painting is a form of artistic expression of ink painting in China, which is presented on white paper and black brush and ink, and it is a painting created under the fusion of black and white colors. In landscape painting, the blank space technique refers to the position of the paper without pen and ink, leaving a certain blank space, which can increase the layering of the picture to a certain extent, enrich the artistic conception of the picture, and create a more profound sense of beauty. The blank space in Chinese landscape painting is not empty and nihilistic, but full of tension and vitality, which also reflects the pursuit of Chinese painting——— the brush is like a dragon and a snake, and the charm is vivid.
2. The role of blank space technique in the creation of Chinese freehand landscape painting.
1) The modeling of Chinese freehand landscape painting.
In the creation of painting, modeling is a vital part, the performance of painting works depends on excellent modeling, if the modeling is missing, even if the work is excellent, it will lack vividness and vitality. In the creation of Chinese freehand landscape painting, the shaping of landscape modeling and the blank space technique have played an important role. Blank space can not only enhance the vitality of the picture and make the painting more vivid, but also highlight the shape of certain scenes, and the use of blank space techniques can enhance the layering of the picture. For example, in order to highlight the majesty and grandeur of the mountains, the painter enriches and decorates with the help of clouds, which can not only buffer the edges and corners of the mountains, but also increase the level of the picture and create an ethereal artistic conception. Most of the freehand landscape painters in our country will fully consider the shaping of the landscape when creating, the expressiveness of the freehand landscape painting is affected by the landscape modeling, and the expressiveness is also different, it can show the majesty of the mountains, and it can also show the beauty and warmth of the flowing water. For example, the freehand landscape painting "Rong Knee Zhai Tu" shows a very rich scenery, there are trees on the nearby hillside, there is a thatched house next to it, there are no other characters in the picture, but under the performance of the blank technique, the whole scene appears bleak and clear, creating a sense of tranquility and an empty atmosphere.
2) Compositional layout of Chinese freehand landscape painting.
Painters throughout the ages have paid attention to the layout of their works when painting. Layout refers to the artist's arrangement of the position of the scenery in the painting, and the layout of the work will affect the overall effect of the work. The layout of the works pursued by Chinese freehand landscape painting has both a spectacular side and an ethereal and ethereal side, and only when the layout of Chinese freehand landscape painting is reasonable, the picture will be more appealing and vigorous. Therefore, when creating freehand landscape paintings, painters should use blank space techniques to create momentum and atmosphere. The blank space technique plays a crucial role in the layout of freehand landscape painting. Painters should pay attention to the role of blank space techniques in the creation of freehand landscape paintings, in the creation of freehand landscape paintings, the use of blank techniques should not be limited to the part, but should fully consider the overall effect of the picture, before creating, the painter should think about the overall layout of the picture, avoid trivial pictures affecting the beauty of the work, and according to the actual situation of the reasonable arrangement of the blank space position of the picture, so that the overall effect of the work is better. It is difficult to have a broad imagination space for creating landscape paintings by simply using brush and ink, so it is necessary to use blank space in creation, which can not only coordinate the overall layout of landscape paintings, but also enrich the picture. When the painter is creating, he should consider the position of the blank space, and start from the overall perspective to make the composition harmonious and unified. Although the blank space does not involve brush and ink, it is the key to the whole work, which can improve the aesthetic value of the work, and the viewer can expand their imagination through the blank space, so as to better appreciate the work.
3) The spatial hierarchy of Chinese freehand landscape painting.
Painters are often limited by paper when creating, so they can use blank techniques to better express their artistic conception, for example, when painting shrimp, painters can use the blank space of the picture instead of water; When drawing birds, you can use the blank space of the picture instead of the sky. For example, in the work "Traveling in the Mountains and Streams", the mountains occupy most of the picture, giving the viewer a very majestic feeling, the blank space is arranged at the top of the whole painting and at the foot of the mountain, the upper blank space replaces the sky, sets off the mountain, and the lower blank instead of the fog, and divides the far and near scenes, making the whole picture more layered.
3. The expression of the blank space technique in Chinese freehand landscape painting.
1) Leave the composition blank.
In the creation of freehand landscape paintings, painters often use blank space techniques to compose pictures. When composing a picture, most painters will leave a large area blank in the picture, and only choose one part of the picture to create, so as to enrich the layering of the work. The blank space and the impact of the brush and ink can enhance the beauty of the picture. For example, Ma Yuan's "Song Drawing" uses blank space to enhance the layering of the picture, the rocks and trees in the picture are expressed as a close-up scene, and the distant view depicts the scenery of the mountain peaks, creating a quiet and distant artistic conception of the whole picture.
2) Leave blank space for borrowing.
Borrowing blank space refers to using the scenery in the picture to leave blank treatment, or with the help of the scenery to set off each other to leave blank, the painter uses non-symbolic blank space in the creative process, which can enhance the overall sense of the picture. There are usually four forms of blank space for borrowed objects: blank space for mountains and rocks, blank space for clouds and water, blank space for trees and blank space for sky; The blank space of mountains and rocks requires the painter to choose the position of the blank space when composing, and make the picture vivid and three-dimensional through reasonable layout; Blank space is common in "Rafting Picture", and it is difficult for the painter to express the ethereal feeling of clouds and water when creating, and the use of blank space can leave room for the audience's imagination. Tree blank space refers to the use of the tree's own form to leave blank, that is, through the tree and leaves to form blank, tree blank can make the image in the picture more vivid, three-dimensional, but also to attract the viewer's attention; Normally, the sky is blue, but in freehand landscape painting, the creator usually does not give color to the sky, but chooses the expression of blank space to replace the sky, and makes the work look more atmospheric and expansive through the way of blank space.
3) Artistic conception blank.
Chinese landscape painting has a long history, and excellent painters and works have emerged in an endless stream. However, no matter which famous painter leaves a hand-me-down work, he attaches great importance to the artistic conception expression of the work. There is a big difference between Chinese freehand landscape painting and Western oil painting, Western painting pursues form, while Chinese freehand landscape painting pursues artistic conception and demeanor. Artistic conception blank is a kind of expression technique chosen by the creator, through the combination of virtual and real to achieve the artistic conception of the contrast, freehand landscape painting uses blank techniques have certain advantages, but also the painter's inspiration, such as in the creation, you can use blank space to mobilize the viewer's emotions, to help them better understand the picture conveyed by the sense of color. For example, the freehand landscape painting "Lonely Crane in the Falling Sunset", the overall structure of this work is relatively complex and cumbersome, which cannot highlight the hazy artistic conception of freehand landscape painting, and the reason for this situation is the lack of blank space in the whole work. If the overall blank space of freehand landscape painting is insufficient, it will not be able to highlight the beauty of artistic conception. The painter should coordinate the overall composition of the work through the blank space technique, and then convey the emotions that the painter wants to express to the viewer. In the creation of freehand landscape painting, the use of blank space technique is also a great test of the painter's painting skills, only a reasonable composition, in the picture cleverly left blank, in order to highlight the beauty of the artistic conception of the work, otherwise it will lack vitality and aura, it is difficult to leave a deep impression on the audience.
4) Blank space for fiction and reality.
Freehand landscape painting usually adopts a combination of virtual and real expressions for the representation of space. The combination of virtual and real refers to the combination of the depiction of the real object and the blank space, in this way can create a unique artistic conception of beauty, the depiction of the real thing can be achieved by different thicknesses, shades of strokes, and the use of the combination of virtual and real techniques to the real thing to carry out virtual processing, can be set off with the blank space. The use of blank space in freehand landscape painting can not only enhance the artistic conception of the picture, but also alleviate the serious atmosphere presented by landscape painting. In Xia Gui's work "Talking Guest in the Snow Hall", he uses blank space to create tree branches, and uses the shade of ink to outline the lines of the plum tree, setting off the plum tree full of vitality and striving for progress; The mountain stone is the use of the combination of virtual and real techniques, the peaks, ravines are depicted in detail with pen and ink, and then the use of virtual techniques to set off the thick and powerful mountain stones. The image on the right side is a flat boat, coupled with the sparkling water surface, depicting a breezy and sparkling scene, creating a quiet and gentle artistic conception for the viewer.
5) Leave blank in the corners.
Corner blank refers to painting in the corners of the picture, and leaving other positions blank, which increases the difficulty of the painter's creation. If the area of the blank space is too small, the whole work will have a sense of oppression, and there is no way to reflect the openness and grandeur of the landscape painting, on the contrary, if the blank area of the picture is too large, the work will appear empty and monotonous, and the viewer will feel a certain cramped when appreciating the work. The corner blank space is also reflected in the modern layout design, and the modern designer will refer to the corner blank space technique in the traditional freehand landscape painting when carrying out the design work, which has a certain reference significance for the modern version design.
IV. Concluding remarks.
To sum up, there are many influencing factors for freehand landscape painting to use blank space, and the picture composition, objects, and light and shadow blank space can help freehand landscape painting to create a far-reaching artistic conception. The use of blank space techniques in freehand landscape painting can not only enrich the composition of the picture, make the layout more reasonable, but also enhance the agility of the picture, make the content of the picture full and three-dimensional, and use the blank technique to better convey the emotions that the freehand landscape painting wants to express, so that the content of the work is more profound.