The clan, this family that has been loved and hated by successive emperors. As the ancients said, "Brothers, tiger generals", the powerful power of the clan can effectively prevent others from coveting the throne.
Therefore, the usurpation of the throne by the powerful ministers of the past dynasties often began with the weakening of the power of the clan. However, after the strength of the clan increases, it will lead to the problem of "brotherly wall".
Everyone has the same blood flowing in them, why can you sit on the dragon chair, and I need to kneel and bow to you? As "the emperor takes turns to do it, this year to my house", the brothers began to rebel!
Zhu Di was the only vassal king in the history of the Ming Dynasty who successfully raised troops to rebel, and advanced to the second generation of emperors. After he ascended to the throne, although he ostensibly held high the banner of restoring the ancestral system, he continued to cut down the feudal domain, resulting in the clan being imprisoned.
After his death, the Ming Dynasty still broke out many clan rebellions, but the rebellion led by Zhu Chongzhuo was launched by a group of low-level clans at the lower end of the clan food chain, which is rare.
They relied on their privileges, drank heavily all day long, acted as traitors, and finally robbed Liu Yong, the prefect of Datong.
Although Liu Yong, the prefect of the Yamen Zhengtang, was only the prefect, he was outstanding under the rule of the governor of Datong. Therefore, Zhu Chongyi, the acting king, and Zhan Rong, the governor of Datong, successively reported the matter to Ming Shizong.
In March of the 24th year of Jiajing (1545), Zhu Chongzhuo and others were fined for one year, and ordered Zhu Chongxi, the acting king, Zhu Chongxi, to strengthen their management.
However, a one-year fine becomes a heavy fine, which starts with the Ming Dynasty's clan system.
During the reign of Ming Taizu, he personally surveyed the clan's Yulu, including 800 stone for the general of Fengguo, and 600 stone for the lieutenant of Zhenguo, half of which were distributed in the form of grain, and half were converted into equivalent Ming treasure banknotes.
However, due to the indiscriminate issuance of treasure money, the middle and late Ming Dynasty was no different from waste paper, so the clan's Yulu only had the actual grain. Even if you can guarantee that all of this food will be available, it is a question.
With the rapid expansion of the population of the clan, after the middle of the Ming Dynasty, the clan's income increased dramatically, and in the Jiajing period, it has developed to the point that "the wealth of the world is endowed with 4 million stones of grain for the Beijing teacher, and the 8.53 million stones of the palace are 8.53 million stones, which is not less than double".
The clan's income is several times that of the dynasty's income in kind. With such a huge expenditure, the local government naturally cannot afford it. As a result, there is the name "arrears", which means that the local ** arrears to the clan.
The princes and princes of the upper echelons of the clan are directly allocated to them, while the generals and lieutenants of the middle and lower clans are first stored in the official warehouse and then allocated from the official warehouse.
Therefore, when the income and expenditure cannot be balanced, the clan Suilu stored in the official warehouse naturally becomes the object of the best ideas at all levels. Therefore, the middle and lower class clans are the hardest hit areas of "arrears".
In Datong, which is located on the frontier, where the Datong Dynasty was located, due to historical reasons, the people were few and thin, and the clan's fortune was often unable to be cashed, resulting in difficulties in the life of the middle and lower clans.
In the fortieth year of Jiajing (1561), Zhu Congfeng and others went to Shu Ming Shizong, saying that his life was unbearable and he had nowhere to redress his grievances. Under these circumstances, the clans began to take risks, trying to demand Lumi by storming the government and going to Beijing to file a complaint.
However, this act ended in the strict prohibition of going to Beijing, and the Shanxi political secretary borrowed money to replenish the supplies. The clan has since "there are many lawlessness such as people below the general". In this context, the punishment incident became the fuse of Zhu Chongzhuo's rebellion.
For Zhu Chongzhuo, the punishment is equivalent to smashing his job and will cost him half his life. Therefore, he was full of hatred for Ming Shizong Zhu Houxi and Dai Wang Zhu Chongyao, and wanted to take revenge on them.
However, Zhu Chongzhuo is a down-and-out clan and can't do it alone, so he needs to gather a group of people who are willing to follow him to achieve his goal together.
That night, Zhu Chongzhuo invited some of the fined clans and some fox friends to drink together in the name of feasting.
When he was half-drunk, he confided in everyone: We have been deprived of the throne, and the new king is in power, how can we live?
If we can bring in the Mongols, we can open the door from the inside and let them in, kill the new king and pacify the officials, and then we don't have to worry about wealth and nobility. But before that, we must first burn down the major pastures and prevent the cavalry of the Datong General Army from being fed.
After careful consideration, Zhu Chongzhuo chose these clans and fox friends as his allies. Everyone here expressed their willingness to follow him and create a beautiful new world together.
Surprisingly, no one went to snitch, but instead they all began to contact each other and add strength to the common cause. Among them, Zhang Huai's social relations are very complicated, and one of his henchmen is named Ci Zhongtai.
Ci Zhongtai was called a "demon" by the "Ming Shilu" because he was a member of the White Lotus Sect at the time, which was a secret religious association group that was considered an evil party of "vegetable eating demons" as early as the Southern Song Dynasty, but because of its simple teachings and simple practice, it had a strong vitality since its birth.
In the process of widespread dissemination in the north and south of the river, dozens of branches gradually developed due to different regions and absorbing ideas. Since the Yuan Dynasty, the White Lotus Sect has been banned by the imperial court and has become a professional rebel for 600 years.
The establishment of the Ming Dynasty has a certain relationship with the White Lotus Sect, and from the beginning of the Ming Dynasty to the end of the Ming Dynasty, the records of the White Lotus Sect uprisings continued. With the vigorous vitality and pervasive penetration of the White Lotus Sect, there are also White Lotus Sect activities around Datong.
The local leader of the White Lotus Sect is Luo Tingxi, who has great prestige among the sect. Mrs. Ci Zhong admired Luo Tingxi very much, regarded him as the guiding light of life, and said to Zhang Huai: "If Luo Tingxi can come, we have nothing to worry about." ”
Zhang Huai met Luo Tingxi under the recommendation of Mrs. Ci Zhong. They had a common goal: to rebel against the imperial court. After a pleasant conversation, they reached a preliminary intention of cooperation.
Then, Luo Tingxi and Zhu Chongzhuo held a meeting of the leaders of the two sides. Zhu Chongzhuo was told that he was born with an imperial destiny, which made Zhu Chongzhuo very happy. So Zhu Chongzhuo revealed his plan to Luo Tingxi, Luo Tingxi said that the plan was good, but there were some flaws, and he was willing to help improve it.
He suggested that when Zhu Chongzhuo's people contacted the little prince, he told them not to just think about the jungle, but to play big, and the soldiers went straight to Datong in three ways, and the two sides should cooperate to win Datong, and hand Datong to the other party as a gift for borrowing soldiers.
Then they waved their army south, seized Yanmen Pass, seized Pingyang Mansion with Wang Tingrong as the internal response, and finally proclaimed emperor in Pingyang Mansion. Then command Hu Bing to go out in all directions, and finally kill the little prince, such a big thing!
The little prince is the name of the Ming Dynasty for the main leaders of the Tatar tribes after the fall of the Northern Yuan, and the current reigning little prince is Altan Khan, the head of the Tumut tribe and the grandson of Dayan Khan.
Among the many little Mongolian princes, Altan Khan's prestige may be second only to Dayan Khan, he started with Fengzhou Beach, recruited fugitive Han people to build Bansheng to develop agriculture, unified the three right wings of Mongol Southern Mongolia, and almost squeezed the Tuban Khan of the Chahar Department of the nominal Great Khan of Mongolia as a puppet, and was the main enemy of the northwest region of the Ming Dynasty, and also the founder of Qingcheng-Hohhot.
Zhu Chongzhuo admired Luo Tingxi's plan, so he put him in charge of contacting Mongolia. One of the henchmen of the second Chungdai was Wei Feng, who was fluent in Mongolian and had worked with the Mongols.
So Luo Tingxi sent him to contact the little prince. Wei Feng traveled to the north shore of the Weining Sea, and happened to meet the Mongolian Chahaner and other troops who were active here.
Weininghai, also known as Jininghai, is located in the north of Datong, that is, the Yellow Flag Sea of the front banner of the right wing of Chahar in Ulanchabu City, Inner Mongolia, is one of the few places outside the customs that is suitable for cultivation and grazing, and is regarded as one of the outer barriers of Datong.
The battle of Liaojin Baishuiluo at the end of Liao took place in this place, which was originally the jurisdiction of Shanxi Xingdu Division, after Yongle, with the internal migration of Zhuwei outside the Guan, this place was occupied by the Mongols, and became an important starting point for the Mongols to attack the border, for this reason Tianshun, Chenghua years in the DPRK and China many times proposed to recover the Ninghai.
In the sixteenth year of Chenghua (1480), Wang Yue defeated Mongolia here.
Zhu Chongzhuo reached a cooperation with the Mongols and planned a rebellion. He asked Zhu Chong to send someone out of the city with magic arrows to burn the grassland, and sent Wei Feng to meet the little prince, betray the situation of Datong, and make an appointment to do things together.
As a result, six pastures were burned down in two days, alarming the governor of Xuanda, Weng Wanda. The Ming dynasty sent Li Wenjin to Datong to investigate, and at this time captured a Mongol spy, who admitted to being ordered to go to Shanyin County to set fires.
Then, a theft case occurred in Hechuan Wangfu, involving Zhu Chong, the lieutenant of Xiangyuan Wangfu Zhenguo, and others. During the interrogation, the house slave revealed that Zhu Chongguan had handed over the arrows to Menke Mensi and Li Jinshen and asked them to go to various grasslands to set fires.
In the end, Mensi and others were arrested and punished.
Zhou Shangwen, the commander-in-chief of Datong, sent sentinels to investigate and found that the four people were carrying umbrellas out of the customs, which was extremely suspicious. The sentinel spurred his horse in pursuit, and finally intercepted the four men at Elm. The search found that they were carrying documents and flags of Zhu Chongzhuo's collusion with the little prince, and the words "transfer troops" were written on the flag.
After interrogation, the specific plan of Zhu Chongzhuo and others to rebel was obtained. Three clues point to Zhu Chongzhuo, the general of Fengguo in the Dai Domain, and other clans. Weng Wanda immediately launched an arrest operation against Zhu Chongzhuo's gang and secretly reported the situation to Zhu Chongyi, the acting king.
Luo Tingxi, the leader of the White Lotus Sect, who sensed that the matter was exposed, committed suicide before the captors arrived. After Ming Shizong received the report, he ordered all the people involved in the case to be sent to Beijing, and sent a huge judicial team to try them.
Because the evidence was conclusive, the trial team quickly reported the treatment plan to Ming Shizong, and Zhu Chongzhuo and others should be executed according to the law, but because it was not suitable to be executed easily at the beginning of the year, they were temporarily detained in the Imperial Prison and awaited disposal.
The rebellion of the Ming Dynasty clan was dominated by both the upper and lower middle classes. The 24-year rebellion of Zhu Chongzhuo, the dynasty of Jiajing, ended in a tigerish way, but it also put an end to the rebellion of the Ming Dynasty.
Reflecting on this matter, Weng Wanda pointed out that the land of Datong is barren, and the descendants of the generations are multiplying, and it is easy to change when it is close to Hulu.
He suggested that the imperial court move some of the clans out of Datong and settle them in Shanxi Province, which was affirmed by Ming Shizong and ordered the relocation of the Hechuan Wangfu.
However, this was only a minor repair, and it was not until the 44th year of Jiajing that the "Regulations of the Sect and Domain" with as many as 67 articles were promulgated, which involved cutting the food of the clan, controlling population growth, rectifying the relevant personnel of the clan, setting an example for the clan, and establishing a sect school.
These measures eventually brought the clan rebellion under control.
Although the Zhu Chongzhuo Rebellion did not leave a significant impact on history, it revealed the fragility of the Ming Dynasty and posed an immeasurable threat to border security.
In 1550, Altan Khan launched a war because he was dissatisfied with the Ming Dynasty's "tribute city" policy, and he quickly invaded Gubeikou, and even invaded the city of Beijing, causing the city to fall into panic again.
This is the event known as the "Gengxu Change". In order to prevent something similar from happening again, Beijing began to build outer walls.