How much does it cost to save Qian Xuesen?
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We are very grateful for your support. On September 10, 1955, China and the United States reached an agreement on the issue of overseas Chinese. Since the end of that year, more than 130 Chinese scientists and students, including Qian Xuesen, have been able to return to China because of the agreement.
At that time, in order to promote Qian Xuesen and other Chinese scientists to return to China, China made great efforts. In the end, under the wisdom and courage of *** and others, Mr. Qian Xuesen was able to return to China smoothly.
** How to strategize and win a decisive victory with the Chinese delegation in the Geneva conference and ambassadorial-level talks? And what kind of clever tactics did they use?
At the Geneva Conference in 1954, China participated for the first time as a "permanent member of the United Nations", personally led the team, with Zhang Wentian and Wang Jiaxiang as deputy foreign ministers, and a strong lineup.
The meeting focused on North Korea and Indochina, but the Chinese delegation was also concerned about another important issue: the return of Chinese civilians stranded in the United States.
After the news of the founding of the People's Republic of China in 1949 spread all over the world, countless students, scientists, and Chinese expatriates returned to the motherland with enthusiastic hopes to contribute to the construction of the motherland.
However, it is shameful that the United States** not only does not recognize New China**, but instead restricts the freedom of Chinese civilians in the United States, and thousands of expatriates who are bent on returning to their motherland are restricted from freedom.
Among them is Qian Xuesen, China's famous "father of missiles" and "father of aerospace." Therefore, during the trip to Geneva, the first task of our country is to strive for these Chinese to return to their motherland.
At the same time, the United States** has the same demand.
At the Geneva Conference, China captured 15 American pilots, which is an inseparable wealth for the United States. In addition, there are many Chinese ** who are engaged in espionage missions in the United States ** who have been captured by China**.
The United States hopes that these people can return to China safely, and this has created an opportunity for Qian Xuesen and others to return. The Chinese side is ready to pay these ** in exchange for the return of Qian Xuesen and others.
On May 19, members of the British delegation came and expressed their willingness to help China and the United States coordinate the issue of the two countries' diaspora. My delegation readily accepts,** with full powers to instruct delegates that "if they are tempted by the United States, they should make direct contact and do their utmost to help the expatriates return home." ”
On 1 June, the U.S. delegation sent a message to China through the British, expressing its desire to engage with China. ** said: "The Chinese side has never refused to negotiate. ”
Four days later, US Minister to Czechoslovakia Johnson, as a representative, held his first meeting with our representative Wang Bingnan at the League of Nations Building in Geneva. The meeting place was carefully chosen by the Americans, and there were no tables in the venue, only a few simple sofas.
Johnson tried to avoid the formation of an atmosphere of formal negotiations between the two countries on the spot, in order to show the determination of the United States not to recognize the legitimacy of the People's Republic of China. After the meeting, Johnson first demanded that China should unconditionally release the 83 Americans detained.
Johnson advocated for China's unconditional release of the accused nationals, civilians, and U.S. military personnel, accusing China of house arrest and imprisonment, while ignoring crimes they may have committed on the battlefields of China and North Korea.
Guided by solving practical problems, Wang Bingnan proposed that he should first understand the specific situation, and asked Johnson to provide a list of specific personnel.
On June 10, China and the United States held their second meeting. Our delegation chose a room with a large long table to reflect the solemnity of the talks. Johnson was quick to give a list of American expatriates and military personnel, and Wang Bingnan said after reading it: "We will study the list provided by the American side and give a response at the next meeting." ”
Five days later, the two sides held a third meeting, and Wang Bingnan replied to Johnson's proposal. Regarding the communication between the American diaspora in China and their families in the United States, Wang Bingnan said: "We agree that these people can contact their families through the Red Cross. ”
China did not release the men in response to Johnson's threats, but instead provided a list of Chinese nationals in the United States, including Qian Xuesen's name. Wang Bingnan's accusation that the United States** has stopped more than 5,000 students who wish to return to China and threatened them with fines and imprisonment is unjustified.
However, Johnson chose to ignore Wang's accusations and behaved deceitfully.
On June 21, China and the United States held the fourth round of talks. Our representative proposes that the two sides jointly draft a joint statement declaring, first and foremost, the restoration of the right of expatriates and students of both countries to return freely to their homeland.
This is an offer that is beneficial to both sides, however, the United States only wants to get what they want in the talks, and is not willing to pay any price, so Johnson rejected Wang Bingnan's joint statement proposal.
In the following talks, Johnson even publicly declared that the United States guaranteed that Chinese students and overseas Chinese were not prevented from staying in the United States. As soon as this remark came out, it immediately aroused the indignation of the Chinese representatives, which was obviously a lie, because as everyone knows, Mr. Qian Xuesen, who began to apply to return to China in 1949 but has not yet succeeded, is an example.
Qian Xuesen: For the sake of New China, embark on a long journey back to China Qian Xuesen, one of the pioneers of China's aerospace science and technology, went to the United States to study in 1934 and became a student of von Kármen.
During his years in the United States, he has made remarkable achievements in the fields of fluid dynamics, structural flexion and extension, and engineering cybernetics, and has even been invited to participate in confidential research projects in the United States.
However, Qian Xuesen's scientific research achievements have also attracted the restrictions of the United States. After learning that the People's Republic of China had been founded, he immediately decided to quit his job in the United States and return to his motherland to devote himself to construction.
On August 23, 1950, his family was ready to board a plane bound for China, but was stopped by the FBI** on the grounds that there were "classified documents" in his luggage.
In the face of various difficulties and challenges, Qian Xuesen always adhered to the belief of returning to China, and finally with the joint efforts of China and the Chinese, he successfully returned to the motherland and made great contributions to China's aerospace industry.
His story tells us that only by cherishing the motherland can we overcome all difficulties and realize our ideals.
Qian Xuesen suffered an unwarranted disaster, not only was he imprisoned, but even the more than 800 kilograms of notes and materials he had painstakingly accumulated were also seized by the Americans. On September 7, the FBI imprisoned Qian Xuesen in Termino Island Prison on the grounds of investigating "whether he had ever joined the Chinese Communist Party."
Mr. Qian Xuesen still has lingering palpitations when recalling this experience: "I was locked up in an airtight hut for half a month, and I couldn't contact anyone.
Every night, every fifteen minutes they would turn on the lights and interrupt my rest. ”
The unreasonable behavior of the United States has made Chinese students and overseas Chinese in the United States indignant, and they have taken to the streets to demonstrate. Teachers and students from Caltech also actively participated, hoping to rescue Qian Xuesen.
Knowing that his disciple had been imprisoned for no reason, von Kármán resolutely ended his trip to Europe and returned to the United States to help. With the joint efforts of everyone, although Qian Xuesen almost lost his life and was physically and mentally exhausted, he finally escaped the catastrophe.
However, his return is still far away, and the FBI continues to interrogate him and subjecte him to tedious interrogations.
During his five years in the United States, Qian Xuesen's activities were strictly limited to Los Angeles County, and even his letters had to be reviewed by federal agents before they could be sent. This leaves China** unable to provide strong evidence, putting the negotiations at a disadvantage.
However, in June 1955, Qian Xuesen saw a glimmer of life. He learned in the newspaper that his elder Chen Shutong had become vice chairman of the Standing Committee of the Chinese National People's Congress.
Chen Shutong was a patriotic revolutionary and a teacher of Qian Xuesen's father, Qian Junfu, and father-in-law, Jiang Baili, and Qian Xuesen himself was deeply influenced by Chen Shutong and his father.
So, he decided to take the risk and write a letter to Chen Shutong for help.
Qian Xuesen and his wife Jiang Ying carefully planned to write a letter through a small cigarette paper, and skillfully passed the distress letter to his sister Jiang Hua in Belgium. Jiang Hua then handed over the letter to Chen Shutong through his father Jiang Baili.
Chen Shutong was moved by Qian Xuesen's patriotic enthusiasm in the letter, and immediately presented the letter to ***, which opened up new possibilities for Qian Xuesen to return to China.
As early as April 1955, he put forward the idea that the Chinese people and the American people are friendly, and China does not want to go to war and is willing to sit down and talk with the United States.
China** actively sends a signal of peace, hoping to ease tensions in the Far East and ease contradictions with the United States. The White House has also expressed its willingness to negotiate with China because of international pressure and the need for easing with China.
Finally, on July 13, the two countries reached a consensus on "selecting ambassadors for consultations".
China's decision to release the US pilot and spy has aroused strong repercussions in the international community. This is because it is rare for China and the United States to have talks at the ambassadorial level without establishing diplomatic relations.
On 1 August, the two sides held talks in Geneva, Switzerland, on the issue of the repatriation of nationals from both countries. In order to show its sincerity in the negotiations, China released four American pilots before the meeting.
The day before the meeting, China released 11 more American spies ahead of schedule. On the face of it, this is a concession from China, which has paid a huge price.
In reality, however, it was a well-planned ploy. The early release of 11 spies by China made the atmosphere of the talks quite harmonious.
In a negotiation, both parties are familiar with each other, so the process is easy and enjoyable. They quickly identified a series of issues relating to the repatriation of nationals. **The real intention of the early release of the American spy was that he hoped to ensure that the talks could go smoothly by taking the initiative to avoid a-for-tat situation between the two sides.
After all, one of the important tasks of the Chinese delegation's trip was to rescue Qian Xuesen and other expatriates, and they were willing to pay any price. Soon after, the second meeting began.
Johnson claimed that more than 30 American civilians had not been released and handed over to the delegation a list of personnel.
Wang Bingnan pointed out that these Chinese nationals in the United States and their families have been subject to the exit restrictions and blockade imposed by the United States on Chinese for a long time, and they cannot freely return to the United States.
He stressed that this not only involves this part of the American diaspora, but is also an issue of concern to the Chinese people, and the needs of the people of the two countries should be taken seriously. Therefore, he made a few comments to Johnson on the issue of the movement and residence of expatriates in the two countries.
1.When dealing with the issue of expatriates, both parties should honestly provide each other with information on all expatriates, including numbers and detailed lists, in order to effectively care for and accommodate them.
2.The United States** should immediately lift restrictions on Chinese nationals, including lifting legal injunctions and all measures to prevent them from leaving the country. 3.The two sides can each choose a third country as the first to deal with the affairs of their respective nationals in the other country, including their return to their home country, life care and management.
Our chosen client country is India.
Johnson questioned and refuted Wang's second suggestion, claiming that the United States has not imposed any restrictions on Chinese students and expatriates, and has unashamedly claimed that if the Chinese side has any evidence that does not match this, they will immediately investigate.
However, the confidence of the American delegates was completely dispelled, because the distress letter written by Mr. Qian Xuesen to Chen Shutong written by Mr. Qian Xuesen was sufficient proof that the United States had restricted the freedom of Chinese nationals.
After receiving the letter, he immediately realized that this was a golden opportunity, and immediately passed the contents of the letter to Wang Bingnan, who was in Geneva for a meeting, and instructed him to make serious representations to the United States during the talks.
Therefore, when Johnson once again told the lie that there was no restriction on our expatriates, Wang Bingnan directly showed Mr. Qian Xuesen's distress letter, and severely criticized: "There are still 5,242 Chinese students in the United States who have not been able to return to their homeland, mainly because the United States has imposed a ban on Chinese students, and those who try to return to China will face fines and imprisonment."
In April this year, the United States claimed to have lifted the ban, but in June, Mr. Qian Xuesen of China still wrote this letter asking China to help him return to China, which is enough to prove that the United States has not really given freedom to Chinese students and overseas Chinese. ”
The facts are irrefutable, and Johnson and other US representatives are dumbfounded. Under the attention of the whole world, the White House had to send a notice to Qian Xuesen to return to China. On September 20, 1955, Qian Xuesen and his family boarded a ship bound for China.
On October 8, Qian Xuesen successfully arrived in Hong Kong and finally returned to the motherland after many years of absence. On this trip home, Qian Xuesen sailed for more than half a month.
During this period, countless Chinese were deeply concerned about his personal safety, and according to the usual practice of the Americans, they would probably assassinate Qian Xuesen on the way.
Qian Xuesen successfully returned to the motherland without encountering any difficulties in the process. Behind this is an ingenious strategy - the early release of 11 American spies.
This move not only made a good start to the negotiations between the two sides, but also showed China's sincerity in the talks. This will not only prevent the Americans from undermining Qian Xuesen's reputation on a global scale, but will also avoid affecting the ability of the United States to attract scholars and students from all over the world, so as to achieve a win-win situation.
Therefore, ** has long been fully prepared for Qian Xuesen's safe return in terms of strategy.
In order to welcome Qian Xuesen, overseas students and overseas Chinese to return to China, China has made great efforts and dedication. They are an important part of our Chinese sons and daughters, and we have an obligation to bring them back to the motherland.
It is with the unremitting efforts of the first generation of diplomats and the older generation that Mr. Qian Xuesen and others successfully returned to China, which also effectively safeguarded the national dignity of our country. What are your thoughts on this historical event?
You are welcome to do an in-depth ** in the comment area!