The data analysis part is an important scoring point in the test, so in the process of preparing for the exam, the memorization of formulas and the practice of methods must be very important, in addition to paying attention to the grasp of details and the distinction of error-prone points, so that we can flexibly respond to various questions in the examination room. Percentages and percentage points are often used in exams, and the two words are related but also fundamentally different. Today, I will take you to learn to distinguish between these two words.
1. Knowledge background.
Percentage: A number that indicates that one number is a percentage of another number, and is a fraction with 100 as the denominator. It is usually expressed in percent signs (%).
Percentage point: refers to the change range of relative indices (e.g., speed, exponent, composition, etc.) expressed as percentages in different periods, and is the correct unit used to express the "arithmetic gap" (i.e., difference) between different percentages.
Second, it is easy to make mistakes.
In data analysis, the difference between two weights or two growth rates is often examined, and the results are read as percentage points; Occasionally, it will also involve the comparison of other knowledge points, such as the change in the ratio of profit margin, production and sales, passenger load factor, etc., which will also be expressed in percentage points (in layman's terms, percentage points will be obtained if the percentage is different). The relevant questions involved often appear in the options at the same time, which is misleading.
3. Demonstration of sample questions.
Example 1In 2018, there were 2,663 regular colleges and universities in the country, an increase of 32 over the previous year. Among them, there were 1,245 undergraduate colleges, an increase of 2 over the previous year; There were 1,418 higher vocational (junior college) colleges, an increase of 30 over the previous year. There are 277 ** colleges and universities in the country, a decrease of 5 over the previous year; There are 815 postgraduate training institutions, including 580 ordinary universities and 235 scientific research institutions.
Question: In 2018, the number of regular colleges and universities in the country increased by about the same as the previous year:
a.1.2% b.1.6%
c.1.2 percentage points d1.6 percentage points.
Answer] a. Analysis: The problem is solved by the percentage of growth compared to two years, i.e., the growth rate, and options C and D should be excluded. It can be seen from the text that in 2018, there were 2,663 ordinary colleges and universities in the country, an increase of 32 over the previous year
Therefore, select item A.
Example 2At the end of March 2015, the total assets of state-owned enterprises were 1054875400 million yuan, a year-on-year increase of 12%; Total liabilities 685766300 million yuan, a year-on-year increase of 119%;The total owner's equity is 369109100 million yuan, a year-on-year increase of 122%。Among them, the total assets of **enterprise are 554658300 million yuan, a year-on-year increase of 105%;The total liabilities were 363304 billion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 104%;The owner's equity is 191354400 million yuan, a year-on-year increase of 107%。
Question: At the end of March 2015, the proportion of enterprise owners' equity in the total number of state-owned enterprises decreased by about the same period last year
a.0.7 percentage points b1.5 percentage points.
c.0.7% d.1.5%
Answer] a. Analysis: This question examines the comparison of the weights of two years, and the result of the percentage difference is a percentage point, excluding the two options C and D. According to the materials, the owner's equity of the enterprise is 191354400 million yuan, a year-on-year increase of 107%, and the total equity of the owners of state-owned enterprises is 369109100 million yuan, a year-on-year increase of 122%。The quest has fallen
That is, it has dropped by less than 1 percentage point, and A.
Through the above example exercises, you can understand that when the stem is calculated as a ratio relationship, the result is expressed as a percentage; When the relationship is found to be the difference between percentages, the result is expressed as percentiles. In the subsequent process, you should also practice more and pay attention to the distinction.