In the sound of firecrackers, the spring breeze sends warmth into Tusu.
Song Wang Anshi "Yuan Ri".
In addition to eating Chinese New Year's Eve meals and setting off firecrackers during the Spring Festival, there was also a custom in ancient times, that is, drinking Tusu wine to prevent the plague. The customs are recorded in the "Jing Chu Years Chronicle": "On the first day of the first month, the eldest and youngest congratulate in turn, and enter the Tusu wine."
Release
Tu Su, also known as "Tu Su", "Crisp", also known as New Year's wine.
Sun Simiao's "Preparation for Emergencies": "Drink Tu Su, ward off the epidemic in the New Year, and not be infected with plague and typhoid fever."
Ming Langying's "Seven Revision Manuscripts": "Tu Su, the name of this ancient nunnery is also ......Today, the name of the wine, Si Miao uses the medicine of Tu Su'an and people to make wine. The medicinal rhubarb with pepper and cinnamon seems to be the meaning of the first day of pepper wine contained in Cui Shi's "Moon Order", so Tusu wine is also drunk from little to long. With rhubarb, to Wen Shandong family of more than 500 people, hundreds of years without typhoid epidemic, three dog days per year, take a bunch of dried porphyll, catch the winter solstice as the end, New Year's Day five more honey tune, people each a spoonful to drink, but also from the young. According to Yao Yi Yi rhubarb, Sun Gong must have a divine opinion. ”
Efficacy
The Compendium of Materia Medica contains the recipe for making Tusu wine: "Use red wood cinnamon heart seven money and five points, parsnip one tael, sarsaparilla five money, Shu pepper, bellflower, rhubarb five money and seven points, aconitum two money and five points, red adzuki beans fourteen, with horn sac to hold it, except for the night to hang the bottom of the well, take out the wine on New Year's Day, fry several boils, the whole family to the east, from the small to the long, the first to drink." ”
Several kinds of medicinal herbs are wrapped in red pouches (silk sacs), hung into a well and soaked overnight, and boiled and drunk on New Year's Day (the first day of the first lunar month), and the alcohol concentration is lower than that of ordinary fermented wine.
Rhubarb is known as the general of medicine, removing turbidity and pushing new. Atractylodes atractylodes strengthens the stomach, improves water, relieves fever, and can be lightened and prolonged for a long time. Platycodon nourishes blood gas, removes cold and heat, dispels wind and paralysis, and poisons the lower cup. Shu pepper detoxification, insecticide, stomach strengthening. Guixin dissolves blood stasis, invigorates blood, dispels cold, and relieves pain. Aconitum goes to wind paralysis, ruffian, and warms the viscera. Cocoon repels poison, embalming, and calms the mind.
Taken together, it is beneficial to the temperature and yang, dispelling wind and cold, and avoiding the evil effects of epidemics.
How to drink
The Southern Song Dynasty Hongmai wrote "Rong Zhai Continued Writing, New Year's Day Drinking" recorded the source of the method of "first young and then grown" drinking Tu Su:
Today's people have no day to drink Tu Su wine, since the child, it has been passed down for a long time, but it has an inherent origin.
Later Han Li Ying and Du Mi were in prison as party members, and on the first day, they drank in prison, saying: "Zhengdan has been in prison since childhood. ”
Shijing New Book "Jin Dong Xunyun": "Zhengdan drinks from a young age, why not?" Xun said: 'It is customary to get the age of the younger, so the first wine to congratulate him, and the old man loses time, so he drinks later.' ’”
Tang Liu Mengde, Bai Lotian (Bai Juyi) Yuan Ri raised wine and wrote poems, Liu Yun: "With Jun Jiazi, Shou Jiu let the cup first." Bai Yun: "With the same Jiazi as you, who will be the first to join the wine." Bai Younian has a cloud of New Year's leave: "The old wine can't be resigned first, and he is pushed as a young man by the king." ”
Dongpo's poem "One of the Two Songs Except for the Night Outside Changzhou City": "But the poor and sorrowful Bo (exchanged) for Changjian, did not resign (shirk) and finally drank Tu Crisp." "If you can exchange poverty and sorrow for longevity and health, even if it is your turn to drink Tusu wine (to be the one with the longest life).
Bluetail
In the Tang Dynasty, it was called "greedy tail" when the banquet was held to the last seat, also called "blue-tailed wine".
Bai Juyi's poem "New Year's Day Family Banquet": "After the New Year, push the bluetail wine, and persuade the spring plate to glue the teeth first." ”
Hong Mai of the Southern Song Dynasty wrote "Four Strokes of Rong Zhai": "Jing Chu remembered the clouds when he was old: 'Those who glue their teeth, take them as strong as glue. ’…Hedong records that Shen Tucheng sat with the old father, the concubine and ** in the hut by the road, and the concubine took the wine pot from the outside and said: "You are cold and have a cup." Cheng Yin Yi, Xun said: "The beginning of the autonomous people, that is, patrol Cheng, when the tail of greed." "The cover is blue for greed, and when the greedy tail is the most in the back drink. ”
Ming Hu Zhenheng's "Tang Yin 癸诂謺五" said that "blue" is a borrowed word for "阑". "阑" means "end". And Ming Langying's "Seven Repair Manuscripts" said: "Blue, Dianye." "Shuowen" cloud: 'Dian, Luyuan also. 'Muddy, muddy. According to this, the blue-tailed wine is the turbid foot of the wine, such as the end of the pot of wine, so it has the meaning of the tail word. Knowing this, then Lotte (Bai Juyi) "three cups of blue-tailed wine, one glue tooth", "after the year of the blue-tailed wine, the spring plate first persuade the gum tooth", then Shaoyun (Ye Mengde) so-called "wine patrol turn" are all in place. ”
Although Tusu wine has long appeared, the custom of drinking Tusu wine was most prevalent in the Song Dynasty. Until the Qing Dynasty, this custom continued to flourish. Since the middle of the 20th century, the custom of drinking Tusu wine on the New Year has gradually faded out of people's sight.
At the beginning of the year, when the whole family celebrates, we can follow the old habit and drink in the order of the youngest, regardless of whether we drink wine, tea, or soup.