When an electric current flows through the interface of two different conductors, it absorbs heat from or releases heat to the outside. This is the Peltier effect. The amount of heat produced by the Peltier effect is called Peltier fever.
The physical explanation for the Peltier effect is: the movement of a charge carrier in a conductor to form an electric current. Since the charge carrier is at different energy levels in different materials, when it moves from a higher energy level to a lower energy level, it releases excess energy; Conversely, when moving from a lower energy level to a higher energy level, energy is absorbed from the outside world. Energy is absorbed or released in the form of heat at the interface of two materials. Therefore, the effect of semiconductor electronic cooling mainly depends on the energy level difference between the two materials in which the charge carrier moves, that is, the thermoelectric potential difference. Pure metals have good electrical and thermal conductivity, but extremely low refrigeration efficiency (less than 1%). Semiconductor materials have extremely high thermoelectric potential, which can be successfully used as small thermoelectric coolers.
Multi-stage semiconductor refrigeration heat pump technology test bench.
QY-ZLR46 multi-stage semiconductor refrigeration heat pump technology test bench adopts water-cooled high-power multi-stage semiconductor refrigeration sheet, which can demonstrate the state of semiconductor refrigeration sheet refrigeration and heat pump, respectively: Peltier effect, Seebeck effect.