During the period of the People's Commune, the problem of food shortage has always been troubled, which has brought great trouble to the people's lives. Among them, low grain production has become a major problem.
1. Great collectivization and grain production.
During the period of the People's Commune, the agricultural cooperatives, which were mainly characterized by large collectivization, replaced the self-sufficient family farming model. However, the great collectivization caused a certain suppression of grain production. The main reasons can be boiled down to the following:
In the process of agricultural production, due to the implementation of the collective management model, farmers have lost the right to make decisions independently, and decision-making is made by the commune or rural cadre level, resulting in poor information flow and reduced decision-making efficiency in the agricultural production process, which affects the efficiency of agricultural production.
In the process of large-scale collectivization in rural areas, there is a certain degree of flexibility in policy implementation, which leads to different degrees of collectivization in different regions. In some localities, the collective economy has been excessively concentrated, the area of farmland is too large, and the peasants have lost their enthusiasm for cultivating land, which has undoubtedly slowed down the growth of grain output.
As members of cooperatives, the fruits of production and labor are mainly reflected in the common interests of rural areas, while the correspondence between personal income and output is not high, which leads to the decline of some farmers' enthusiasm for work and lack of initiative and enthusiasm for agricultural production. On the way home is the second year of public ownership and grain production.
Public ownership was the basic economic system during the period of the People's Commune, and it also had a certain impact on grain production. The characteristics of public ownership determine that peasants have limited access to the fruits of their individual labor, which significantly reduces peasants' enthusiasm for production. There are the following problems in grain production under public ownership:
Because the peasants cannot enjoy direct economic benefits from the grain they produce, the peasants' enthusiasm for production has been suppressed, and the productive capacity of farmland has not been fully brought into play.
Under the public ownership system, the degree of industriousness and work efficiency of different peasant households are uniformly considered to be the same, so the farmers with a high degree of diligence do not have more economic returns, which leads to a decline in the overall enthusiasm for rural labor.
The period of the People's Commune underwent a series of changes, including policy adjustments and institutional reforms. These changes have had a certain impact on food production, such as:
The adjustment of policies has improved the agricultural management system, enhanced the right of farmers to participate in decision-making, improved the flow of information, and made agricultural production more efficient. In the 1980s, the rural areas implemented the household responsibility system, and farmers obtained direct economic benefits through land contracting, and obtained corresponding production power, which also greatly improved the output level of farmland.