Why the Manchus ruledBillions of Han peopleyears without revolting? Four reasons
During the reign of the Yuan Dynasty, the Han Chinese lived in poverty under the exploitation of the Mongol nobility and gentry landlords. Zhu Yuanzhang, the leader of the peasant uprising, led the Han Chinese in a revolt and eventually overthrew the Yuan dynasty.
Why did the Qing Dynasty, which was also ruled by ethnic minorities, rule over the Han Chinese, with a population of 300 million, for 276 years, despite the fact that the Manchus had a population of only about 3 million?
Reason 1: The Manchu Qing Dynasty took the initiative to accept the Han culture, and after the Qing Emperor Taizong Taiji ascended the throne, he promulgated the "Manchu and Han Joint Residence Order", aiming to realize the unity of the Manchu and Han, eliminate ethnic differences, and also liberate the Han serfs at that time and restore their freedom, thereby alleviating the *** between the Manchu and Han
In addition, all documents since the beginning of the Qing Dynasty have been written in both Chinese and Manchu scripts, which indicates that the Qing Dynasty had taken the issue of national unity into account at the beginning of its establishment.
During the reign of Kangxi, he began to promote Confucian culture and some Han cultural classics, which represented elements of traditional Han culture and were also regarded as something that the Manchus had to learn.
As early as the prince's morning class, they had to study these courses, and during the Qianlong period, in order to understand Han culture, Qianlong even often wore Hanfu to the palace. At that time, the Manchus basically spoke Chinese, and the Manchu language gradually became a text that existed only in books.
By the late Qing Dynasty, the dominant language was Chinese, and even in diplomatic settings, Chinese characters were used. In order to integrate the different food cultures of the two ethnic groups, the famous Manchu and Han banquets also came into being.
The eight-strand literary ** culture of the imperial examination system in the Qing Dynasty made the students' minds bound to Confucianism, and they could only imitate the way of speaking of Confucius and Mencius to write articles, but could not get in touch with newer and more advanced knowledge and culture.
This top-down closed-mindedness led people to think that respecting the monarch and patriotism was the only way to ensure long-term peace and stability in the country, and over time, the Han people gradually forgot that they were under the rule of ethnic minorities.
The long-term implementation of this education system has made the management system of the whole society too pedantic and lacks innovation and progress.
In the history of the Qing Dynasty, there was a distressing incident, which originated from the anti-Qing and Ming Dynasty ideology that prevailed in the society at that time. Since the Ming Dynasty was once ruled by the Han people, some Han people were opposed to the rule of the Qing Dynasty, so they tried to overthrow the Qing Dynasty by gathering the strength of the masses under the banner of opposing the Qing Dynasty and restoring the Ming Dynasty.
In order to suppress this ideological tendency, the Qing Dynasty issued a series of policies to severely crack down on intellectuals with anti-Qing tendencies and prohibit any speech that violates the rule of the Qing Dynasty in society.
Although this move effectively suppressed the anti-Qing and Ming restoration forces, it also formed a shackle on the thinking of the Qing people. Reason 3: During the Yuan Dynasty, the Mongol rulers implemented a hierarchical system, dividing the people into four classes, of which the Han people had the lowest status.
During the Yuan Dynasty, the Han Chinese were regarded as slaves and could not participate in the governance of the country, while the Qing Dynasty learned the lessons of the Yuan Dynasty and upheld the concept of ethnic equality. Although they believed that the Manchus had the highest status, they still insisted on fairness and open-mindedness in political management, and regarded the people of the world as one family.
The Qing Dynasty encouraged the Han people to change their fate through the imperial examination system, and with several years of hard study, they gained fame and fame, entered the court as officials, and changed the trajectory of their lives.
Nurhachi was well aware of the importance of the army's combat capability, so he began to strengthen the army's combat strength before the Qing army entered the Shanhaiguan. He imposed a strict system of rewards and punishments, and those who violated the order faced severe punishment of beheading, as a way to restrain the army.
In addition, he continued to strengthen the equipment in the army, and subdivided the army into branches, including infantry, archers, and cavalry, so that they could perform their duties and fight in all directions.
It was these efforts that enabled the Manchu army to have a strong combat capability, and the Manchus were able to hold the ruling power firmly in their hands.
During the Qing Dynasty, men shaved off the hair on their foreheads, leaving only the back half, and braided their hair into braids. Although the Qing rulers revered Han Chinese culture, they also used coercion to require the people to shave their foreheads and braids to ensure their dominance.
At that time, there was a saying that "keep your head without hair, and keep your hair without your head", which expressed this mandatory rule.
During the Xinhai Revolution, even when asked to cut off their braids, many people were still hesitant for fear that they would be beheaded after cutting off their braids, which fully illustrates the profound impact of the Manchu "shaving hair" policy on the Han people and brought them great psychological pressure.
However, under the rule of the prosperous Kangqian era of the Qing Dynasty, the people's lives were stable and happy, which was conducive to the development of the nation. Therefore, the Han people will not destroy the status quo, nor will they rebel because of ethnic reasons.