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Gasoline electromechanical injection system is an important part of modern automobile engine, which is responsible for mixing fuel and air in the optimal ratio and accurately injecting it into the cylinder at the right time to ensure that the engine can run efficiently and stably under various working conditions. EFI systems offer higher fuel economy, lower emissions, and better drivability than traditional carburetor systems. The various components of a gasoline electromechanical injection system and how they work are described in detail below.
First, the basic composition of EFI system.
Fuel supply system.
The fuel supply system mainly includes fuel tank, fuel pump, fuel filter, fuel pressure regulator and fuel line. Its main task is to pump gasoline out of the tank, filter and regulate the pressure, and then deliver it to the injector at a certain pressure. The fuel pump is typically controlled by the engine control unit (ECU) to ensure a stable fuel pressure in a wide range of operating conditions.
Air supply system.
The air supply system is mainly composed of air filter, air flow meter (or inlet pressure sensor), intake manifold and other components. Its main role is to supply clean, metered air to the engine. Air filters are responsible for filtering impurities and dust from the air, protecting the engine from wear and tear. An air flow meter or intake pressure sensor measures the amount of air entering the engine and relays this information to the ECU to calculate the amount of fuel required.
Control system. The control system is the core of the EFI system, which is mainly composed of the engine control unit (ECU), various sensors and actuators. The ECU receives signals from various sensors, such as air flow meters, crankshaft position sensors, oxygen sensors, etc., and calculates the optimal amount and timing of fuel injection based on these signals as well as preset programs. The ECU then implements these calculated parameters by controlling actuators such as the injector and ignition system.
2. Important sensors and actuators of EFI system.
Crankshaft position sensor.
The crankshaft position sensor detects the angle position of the engine crankshaft and transmits this information to the ECU. The ECU can determine the engine speed, the operating sequence of the cylinders, and the piston position of each cylinder based on the signal from the crankshaft position sensor. This information is critical in determining the amount and timing of fuel injection.
Oxygen sensor. Oxygen sensors are installed in the exhaust system and are responsible for detecting the oxygen concentration in the exhaust gas. By comparing the difference between the actual air-fuel ratio and the theoretical air-fuel ratio, the oxygen sensor can determine the combustion state of the engine and feed this information back to the ECU. The ECU can adjust the amount of fuel injected based on the signal from the oxygen sensor for more efficient combustion and lower emissions.
Injector. The injector is one of the important actuators in the EFI system and is responsible for spraying fuel into the cylinder in the form of a mist. Injectors usually consist of components such as solenoid coils, needle valves, and nozzles. When the ECU issues the fuel injection command, the solenoid coil is energized to generate a magnetic attraction needle valve, which opens the nozzle and releases fuel droplets. The performance of the injector has a direct impact on the fuel economy, power and emissions performance of the engine.
Third, the working principle and advantages of EFI system.
The working principle of the EFI system can be summarized as follows: the working parameters of the engine such as air flow, speed, temperature, etc. are detected through various sensors; Based on these parameters and pre-programmed programs, the ECU calculates the optimal amount and timing of fuel injection; These calculated parameters are then achieved by controlling actuators such as injectors and ignition systems; Finally, feedback signals such as oxygen sensors are used to correct the amount of fuel injected to optimize the combustion process.
Compared with the traditional carburetor system, the EFI system has the following advantages: first, it can adjust the amount of fuel injection in real time according to the operating conditions of the engine to achieve higher fuel economy and lower emissions; secondly, it can improve the power and torque output of the engine by precisely controlling the ignition timing; In addition, it can adapt to changes in different environments and driving habits with a self-learning function to keep the engine running at its best.
In summary, the gasoline electromechanical injection system is a complex and sophisticated system that achieves precise control of engine fuel injection and ignition timing through the coordinated work of various sensors and actuators. The advent of EFI systems not only improves the fuel economy and emission performance of automobiles, but also brings a more comfortable and convenient driving experience to drivers. With the continuous progress and development of science and technology, it is believed that the future EFI system will be more intelligent and efficient.