In 184 BC, Emperor Liu Hong of the Han Dynasty was addicted to pleasure and looted the people, even selling official beards, and in the court, the struggle between eunuchs and relatives was endless, and the people were miserable.
The drought in the whole country and the lack of harvest while the taxes increased instead of decreasing, which directly led to the peasant uprising. The giant deer man Zhang Jiao became the leader of the uprising, and they rose up, which is the famous "Yellow Turban Uprising" in history.
The uprising was quickly suppressed, but the local prefectures and counties and powerful landlords took the opportunity to support their own troops, the Eastern Han Dynasty existed in name only, and the era of war began. In 189, Liu Wei ascended the throne, but the power of the imperial court was in the hands of Empress Dowager He and He Jin.
In order to eliminate the eunuchs, He Jin ignored Cao Cao's advice and introduced the Liangzhou warlord Dong Zhuo, but the matter was revealed, He Jin was killed, and Yuan Shao led troops into the palace to avenge He Jin's revenge and killed more than 2,000 eunuchs.
The dispute between the relatives and the eunuchs of the Eastern Han Dynasty ended here, but it gave Dong Zhuo the opportunity to usurp the throne. Dong Zhuo led the army into Beijing, abolished Liu Wei, and set up his younger brother Liu Xie to the throne, which was Emperor Xian of the Han Dynasty.
Since then, Dong Zhuo has mastered the power of the Eastern Han Dynasty, and Yuan Shao and Cao Cao have fled the capital, opening the prelude to the situation of the Three Kingdoms. In 190, the Kwantung princes elected Yuan Shao as the leader of the alliance and formed the Kwantung Coalition Army to crusade against Dong Zhuo, but the coalition army was discordant and finally disbanded, and the Three Kingdoms were divided, and the troubled times of the Three Kingdoms began.
In 192, Wang Yun provoked Lü Bu to kill Dong Zhuo, and Dong Zhuo's troops attacked Li Dao and Guo Yan to break through Chang'an, killed Wang Yun, repelled Lü Bu, and then took control of the Eastern Han Dynasty.
In 195, Li Dao and Guo Yan fought infighting, Chang'an fell into war, Emperor Han Xian was forced to flee from Chang'an, Cao Cao welcomed Emperor Han Xian to Xudu, and achieved the status of "coercing the Son of Heaven to order the princes".
In 197, Yuan Shu was proclaimed emperor, but was opposed by the princes of the world, and died in defeat soon after. In 200 years, Cao Cao relied on the political advantage of "coercing the Son of Heaven to order the princes", successively defeated Yuan Shu, Lu Bu, Zhang Xiu, Liu Bei, and seized Yan, Henan, and Xu Prefectures, Yuan Shao occupied Jizhou by virtue of strategy, and then defeated Gongsun Zan and others, controlled Qing, Hebei, You, and four states, the power of both sides continued to grow, and finally the battle of Guandu broke out in the north, Cao Cao won more with less, Yuan Shao soon died of depression, Cao Cao eliminated Yuan Shao's three sons, unified the north, and then pacified Liaodong, conquered Wuhuan, and unified the north.
In the same year, Sun Ce was assassinated and died, and Sun Quan took over Jiangdong.
In 201, Liu Bei went through hardships and took refuge in Gongsun Zhan, Tao Qian, Cao Cao, and Yuan Shao, and then went south to Jingzhou to seek refuge in Liu Biao. After getting Xu Shu's suggestion, he visited Zhuge Liang in Longzhong, and after three visits to the thatched house, Zhuge Liang planned for him to take Jingzhou first, then Yizhou, and then dominate the world.
In 208, Liu Biao died, and his son Liu Cong inherited the position of Jingzhou pastor. However, Cao Cao took the opportunity to go south and led his army to conquer Jingzhou. Liu Cong was unable to resist and could only surrender to Cao Cao.
At this time, Liu Bei was in Jingzhou. After learning of Liu Cong's surrender, he led his people to flee to Xiakou. In the same year, Liu Bei joined forces with Sun Quan and defeated Cao Cao in the Battle of Red Cliffs.
The defeat in this battle deprived Cao Cao of the possibility of unifying the whole country in a short time. With this victory, the Sun and Liu families began to strengthen their respective strengths, laying the foundation for the subsequent Three Kingdoms.
In 211, Liu Zhang served as the pastor of Yizhou and invited Liu Bei to lead an army into Shu to jointly fight against Zhang Lu's threat. However, after Liu Bei entered Shu, he turned against Liu Zhang and took the opportunity to seize control of Yizhou.
In 218, Liu Bei captured Hanzhong from Cao Cao, reaching an unprecedented peak of power and proclaiming himself king of Hanzhong. However, in the Battle of Jingzhou in 219, although Guan Yu was captured by Ban, beheaded Pang De, and shocked China, he was finally captured by Lü Meng's surprise attack, and Guan Yu was captured and killed by Eastern Wu.
In 220, after Cao Cao's death, his son Cao Pi took control of the Eastern Han dynasty, and in the same year, Cao Pi forced the Han Xian Emperor to surrender to the Han Dynasty, usurp the Han Dynasty as emperor, and establish the Cao Wei regime.
Since then, the Eastern Han Dynasty has come to an end and enjoyed the country for 195 years. In 221, after Liu Bei usurped the Han Dynasty and established Wei by Cao Pi, because it was rumored that Liu Xie, the emperor of the Han Dynasty, had been killed by Cao Pi, Liu Bei proclaimed himself emperor in Chengdu and established the Shu Han regime in order to continue the Han Dynasty and restore the Han dynasty.
In the same year, Liu Bei did not listen to the dissuasion of his ministers on the grounds of avenging Guan Yu, and insisted on conquering Eastern Wu in person, and finally in the Battle of Yiling, he was defeated by Lu Xun, a famous general of Eastern Wu, and Liu Bei was defeated and took away the White Emperor City.
In 223, Liu Bei died after entrusting state affairs to Zhuge Liang in the White Emperor City, and his son Liu Chan ascended the throne. In 228, Zhuge Liang launched five Northern Expeditions against Cao Wei in six years, but failed to achieve his goal of reviving the Han Dynasty, and Zhuge Liang died of illness in the last Northern Expedition.
After Zhuge Liang's death, Jiang Wei carried out eleven more Northern Expeditions, among them, two big victories, three small victories, four times apart, one big defeat, and one small defeat, but the successive years of conquest made Shu Han's national strength excessively depleted.
In 229, Sun Quan proclaimed himself emperor in Wuchang and established the Eastern Wu regime, and since then, the situation of the three kingdoms of Wei, Shu and Wu has been formally formed. In 239, after the death of Emperor Cao Pi of Wei Wen and his son Emperor Cao Rong of Wei Ming, Cao Rong's adopted son Cao Fang ascended the throne and was assisted by Sima Yi and Cao Shuang.
Until the Gaopingling Incident, Sima Yi took advantage of Cao Shuang to accompany Cao Fang to leave Luoyang to sweep the tomb of Gaopingling, launched a coup d'état, and killed all the Cao Shuang group, and since then, Cao Wei's power has fallen into the hands of the Sima clan.
In 252, after the death of Emperor Sun Quan of Eastern Wu, his seventh son Sun Liang, who was only ten years old, ascended the throne, and civil strife broke out within Eastern Wu.
In 254, after the death of Cao Wei's minister Sima Yi, his son Sima Shi continued to control the government, and Wei Emperor Cao Fang and Li Feng and others secretly plotted to launch a coup d'état to overthrow Sima Shi, but the matter was revealed, Sima Shi deposed Cao Fang and set up Cao Pi's grandson Cao Chao as emperor, and the following year, Sima Shi died of illness, and his brother Sima Zhao continued to control the government.
In 260, Cao Chao was dissatisfied with Sima Zhao's autocracy, so he led his own troops to attack Sima Zhao, and as a result, he was killed by Sima Zhao's henchman Jia Chong. Afterwards, Sima Zhao established Cao Cao's grandson Cao Huan as the emperor and Emperor Wei Yuan.
In 261, because the Shu Han Emperor Liu Chan favored the eunuch Huang Hao, Huang Hao was good at government affairs, and also excluded Jiang Wei on the front line of the Northern Expedition, so Jiang Wei wrote to Liu Chan and asked Huang Hao to be killed, but Liu Chan refused, and Huang Hao instigated Liu Chan to abolish Jiang Wei, Jiang Wei did not dare to return to Chengdu, so he went to the city to avoid trouble.
In 263, Sima Zhao, the actual leader of Wei, sent Zhong Hui, Deng Ai, and Zhuge Xu to attack Shu in three ways, in this battle, Jiang Wei defeated Zhuge Xu, and blocked the Zhonghui army in the Sword Pavilion, however, Deng Ai smuggled through Yinping and approached Chengdu, Liu Chan saw that the general trend had gone, so he surrendered to Deng Ai, and also ordered Jiang Wei to surrender to the Wei army, Jiang Wei surrendered to Zhonghui, tried to restore the country by the hand of Zhonghui, but the plan was leaked, Jiang Wei, Deng Ai, and Zhonghui were all killed, and since then, the Shu Han regime of the two emperors in the 43rd year of the country has perished.
In 264, Emperor Sun Xiu of Wu Jing died of illness, and Sun Hao, the late Emperor of Wu, ascended the throne.
In 266, after Sima Zhao died of illness, his son Sima Yan forced Emperor Cao Huan Chan of Wei Yuan, usurped Wei as emperor, and established the Jin Dynasty, known as the Western Jin Dynasty in history, Emperor Wu of Jin, and since then, the Cao Wei regime of 5 emperors in the 46th year of the country has perished.
After Sima Yan became emperor, he began to prepare for the destruction of Eastern Wu. In 279, Emperor Sima Yan of the Jin Dynasty sent 200,000 troops to conquer Eastern Wu, and the following year, the Jin army approached Jianye, the capital of Eastern Wu.