Historically, China had close relations with Vietnam, and even after 1884 Vietnam became a French colony. In order to support the Vietnamese people's struggle for freedom, New China provided a lot of help.
Relations between China and Vietnam were once very close. However, at the end of the 70s of the last century, relations between China and Vietnam deteriorated. At this juncture, Hoang Van Huan, a vice president of the National Assembly of Vietnam and the first Vietnamese ambassador to China, came to China.
At a tense juncture in Sino-Vietnamese relations, the appearance of Huang Wenhuan caused great controversy. He was accused of being a "traitor" and a "fugitive", what was his fate after China?
On August 9, 1979, a press conference was about to be held in the auditorium in Beijing, attracting many reporters from home and abroad. Such a lively scene is not often seen in normal times, so what has attracted everyone's attention?
The answer is that Huang Wenhuan will make an official appearance and speak on this day. Because of his defection to China, it not only caused an uproar at home, but even caused a strong response in the international community.
Attacks and talk about him poured in like a tidal wave.
On that day, Huang Wenhuan bravely stood up and issued the "Letter to the National Compatriots of Vietnam" in the face of **, criticizing the anti-China stance of the Vietnamese Le Duan group. He said firmly: "Although I am old and infirm, as long as I live, I will do my best to contribute to the common revolutionary cause of the Vietnamese people and the people of the world." ”
As soon as this sentence came out, it immediately aroused widespread discussion, and Li Duan attacked him in anger and even expelled him from the party. However, none of this could shake Hoang's determination to oppose Le Duan, and he decided to stay in China and contribute to the development of Sino-Vietnamese relations.
As we mentioned earlier, the relationship between Vietnam and China is extraordinary, we are not only close neighbors, but also historically a Confucian civilization known as the "Little China of Southeast Asia".
However, since the Sino-French War, the Qing Dynasty was no longer able to maintain the vassal system, and Vietnam became a French colony, entering a dark era of colonization.
After the end of World War II, France tried to obtain resources from the colonies to restore its strength, but it was unwilling to give up its colonial interests in Vietnam, and went against the tide of "national independence" and launched a war.
The Vietnamese people rebelled, and Ho Chi Minh appealed to the whole country to support his compatriots in the south in their struggle for independence. At this time, China, as an old friend, provided a lot of assistance to Vietnam and sent Senior General Chen Geng to participate in the guidance.
Eventually, the Geneva Accords signed in 1954 established the 17th parallel as the dividing line, with Ho Chi Minh's coalition** controlling North Vietnam and the French-backed state of Vietnam controlling South Vietnam.
Only a year later, the United States reneged on the Geneva Accords to replace French influence in Vietnam, depose Bao the Great, and support Ngo Dinh Diem in establishing the Republic of Vietnam.
Since then, the situation between the north and the south has been tense, the domestic situation in Vietnam has deteriorated sharply, and war is on the verge of breaking out. In order to resist US hegemonism, China supported the military operations in North Vietnam in the name of resisting US aggression and aiding Vietnam, leaving the United States mired in the quagmire of the Vietnam War.
Under the pressure of the anti-war wave at home, the United States was forced to withdraw from Vietnam in 1973, and South Vietnam** collapsed two years later, and Vietnam was unified and became the "Socialist Republic of Vietnam".
However, Ho Chi Minh has not been able to see this scene of Vietnam's reunification with his own eyes.
Ho Chi Minh, born into a poor family, in order to change the fate of the country, he resolutely abandoned the civil society to enter politics, founded the Communist Party of Vietnam, and rebuked Fang Xuan on the battlefield of China's resistance against Japan. After returning to Vietnam, he led the people in the struggle against the colonizers, successfully launched the August Revolution, and established the Democratic Republic of Vietnam, known as Vietnam's"Father of the Nation"。
Throughout his life, he adhered to a friendly policy toward China and made major contributions to the development of Sino-Vietnamese relations. Unfortunately, Ho Chi Minh died of illness in Hanoi in 1969, not witnessing the historic moment of the US withdrawal from Vietnam.
After his death, Le Duan became the supreme leader of Vietnam, and Vietnam entered a new era.
Vietnam is brave, but they are not brave! This sentence reveals Le Duan's different attitude towards China, which Ho Chi Minh did not care.
Although the Panmunjom agreement shook the world and the Chinese People's Volunteers successfully drove the Americans back to the 38th parallel, Le Duan's mind did not change. After Ho Chi Minh's death, Le Duan took over power in Vietnam, and although China and Vietnam had something in common on the issue of resisting the United States, Le Duan considered himself to have inherited Ho Chi Minh's legacy and remained polite to China.
Two years later, Nixon's visit led to a thaw in relations between China and the United States, but Le Duan felt betrayed and distanced himself from China.
At this point, Le Duan's idea is completely self-centered, which is absurd.
After that, the Le Duan regime turned away from friendly relations with China and firmly sided with the Soviet Union, becoming its strategic partner in Southeast Asia. During this period, Le Duan's rule was characterized by military priority and expansionism, and he openly declared Vietnam to be the world's third military power, and vigorously promoted regional hegemony.
Its oppression and aggression against Laos and Cambodia have not only undermined the relations between these countries and China, but also seriously threatened China's security. In addition, the Le Duan regime even pointed its spearhead at the north, invading China's Yunnan and Guangxi regions, and encroaching on China's territory.
While Le Duan's frenzied policies have sparked some opposition at home, many Vietnamese leaders who have fought alongside our country remain angry at what he has done.
Huang Wenhuan repeatedly criticized Le Duan's "pro-Soviet and anti-China" policy at meetings. Although Li Duan did not dare to take action against this party elder, he lost his right to speak through gradual suppression.
In 1976, Li Duan expelled Huang Wenhuan from the decision-making body on the grounds that he was "frail and unfit to hold a leadership position." Since then, the voice of the opposition has become quieter and quieter, Le Duan's power has grown, and his anti-China policy has become more unscrupulous.
In this regard, my country has exercised restraint and hopes for a peaceful settlement. However, our forbearance did not exchange for the restraint of the other party, but only intensified the arrogance of the other party. On February 17, 1979, "People's **" published an article that opened the prelude to the self-defense counterattack against Vietnam.
On the battlefield, when Le Duan's self-proclaimed third military power in the world faced the Chinese People's Liberation Army, it only lasted a month before it was defeated, and our army swept through the Vietnamese army like a bamboo.
Although the defeat of the war and the continuous heating up of the country did not make Le Duan realize his mistake, but made him regard it as a great shame and constantly plan new revenge actions, so the Sino-Vietnamese conflict lasted for a long time.
Le Duan's actions have left progressive politicians in Vietnam bitter, who do not want to see the regime they created with their own hands being pushed into the abyss by a careerist. Le Duan seems to have noticed this, and he began to intensify his crackdown on the opposition.
When Hoang Van Huan was stripped of real power, the Le Duan clique continued to downplay his impression among the Vietnamese people. At the meeting, Huang Wenhuan will not be arranged on the rostrum; At the press conference, there was also no footage of Huang Wenhuan.
Although Hoang Van Huan is still active in Vietnam**, he is now only playing a shadow role. In order to prevent him from inciting others, Li Duan installed *** in his home and arranged a large number of secret posts around his home, effectively placing him under house arrest and surveillance.
Once a revolutionary hero, now he is like a prisoner, and this situation is unbearable for anyone. When Li Duan's troops were defeated at the hands of the People's Liberation Army, Huang Wenhuan felt both sad and happy.
The sad thing is that the good men of those countries died on the battlefield for a careerist, and they should all be the pillars of the country's construction. Happily, Le Duan suffered a blow and his prestige declined.
At this time, Huang Wenhuan is looking forward to Li Duan being able to recognize the reality and correct the mistakes of the past. However, Le Duan has no remorse for this.
Hoang Van Huan was invited to participate in the "Exhibition of the Vietnamese People's Victory over China". Li Duan originally thought that Huang Wenhuan would refuse, but he didn't expect him to accept the invitation happily. However, on the day of the exhibition, Huang Wenhuan appeared on the scene in a Chinese ** suit and military hat, which surprised everyone, and Li Duan was even more angry.
After a series of events, Hoang Van Huan realized that he would not be able to survive in Vietnam for long. He is already planning to leave Vietnam and go to China. However, a twist of fate occurred after Hoang Van Huan was diagnosed with tuberculosis and could not be admitted to a hospital in Vietnam**, and doctors advised him to travel to East Berlin for receptivity**.
This proposal was agreed to by Le Duan**. Realizing that this might be his best chance of escaping Vietnam, Hoang Van Huan flew to East Berlin as planned in July of the same year.
However, the plane will need to stop in Karachi, Pakistan, which has long been an ally of China, and will be a transit point for Huang Wenhuan on his way to China.
After arriving in Karachi, Huang Wenhuan expressed his poor health to the staff in charge of monitoring him, he said: "No, my body will be sick as soon as I take the plane, I am now in a chest pain, almost out of breath, I want to rest here for a few days." ”
Although Huang Wenhuan was under the surveillance of Le Duan, his status as a party elder made it impossible for the staff to easily ignore his needs, so they could only agree to Huang's demands.
Huang Wenhuan was sent to the hotel, and not long after, the doctor came to give him a health injection and advised him to rest. When the doctor left, Huang Wenhuan found that there was no one around, so he immediately began to pack his bags, and then successfully escaped from the hotel.
Later, Huang Wenhuan stopped a taxi, and he told the driver: "Go to the Chinese consulate!" Soon, Huang Wenhuan arrived at the Chinese consulate in Karachi.
Unfortunately, however, it happened to be a Sunday and the consulate was not open.
Huang Wenhuan stepped forward and bravely walked towards the door of the consulate. He was looking forward to meeting the ambassador. However, the staff inside the door told him that he could not see the ambassador today and asked him to come back tomorrow.
Despite the rejection, Huang Wenhuan was not discouraged, he identified himself to the staff and asked to meet with the ambassador. Although the staff did not know him, Huang Wenhuan firmly believed that his request was reasonable.
So, he asked the staff to give him a pen and paper, and wrote a note, hoping that the staff would bring his request to the ambassador.
The young man took the note suspiciously, and hurried upstairs. Huang Wenhuan was anxiously waiting when he heard a rush of footsteps. What he saw was a middle-aged man hurrying in, he was the Chinese consul general in Karachi.
During the meeting, Huang Wenhuan expressed to the Consul General his desire to return to China and explained why. Realizing the importance of this matter, the consul general told Huang Wenhuan: "You go back to the hotel first, and I will send a car to pick you up at six o'clock tomorrow afternoon." ”
Huang Wenhuan was excited, thanked the consul general, and then returned to the hotel to continue waiting. Fortunately, no one noticed anything out of the ordinary. After we learned of Huang Wenhuan's request, we immediately responded and asked the consulate to do its best to help him.
In the afternoon of the next day, Huang Wenhuan accepted ** as usual, and when the doctor left, he immediately got up, picked up a pen and paper and left a note, which read: "I went to visit a friend." ”
Huang Wenhuan disguised himself as a tourist and left the hotel and successfully escaped. Upon arrival in Beijing, he was hospitalized and underwent a full **, where he was found to have a lung tumour rather than tuberculosis.
Considering his age and physical condition, the doctors decided to use medication** instead of surgery. After using many precious herbs, the tumor was successfully reduced by one centimeter. Although the condition was progressing smoothly, Huang Wenhuan was anxious to get to work and took the initiative to request surgery**.
Therefore, the president of 301 Hospital personally operated the operation, and at the same time invited Japanese oncologists to cooperate, and successfully carried out tumor resection surgery for Huang Wenhuan.
has been sick for more than a year, but fortunately, there is Hua Tuo in China. Now that the illness has been **, I am willing to compose a war song of faith. His return caused a stir in China and angered Le Duan, who imprisoned all of his entourage.
While denouncing Huang Wenhuan for betraying the country, Li Duan threatened to expel him from the party, hoping that he would return to the motherland. During this time, Hoang Van Huan held a press conference and publicly released his "Letter to the Compatriots of Vietnam", explaining why he came to China.
At the press conference, Huang Wenhuan also announced that China was a friendly neighbor that fought side by side with us and shed blood and sacrificed its life in the struggle to resist France and the United States and save the country.
Because of Huang Wenhuan's outspokenness, Li Duan was furious and immediately decided to expel Huang Wenhuan from the party and sentence him to death in absentia. Huang Wenhuan did not take this to heart, he was only willing to devote himself wholeheartedly to the cause of China and Vietnam.
Soon after, Hoang Van Huan collaborated with Vietnamese patriots to publish Vietnam News, which exposed the truth about Vietnam under Le Duan's rule, which attracted global attention.
Le Duan tried to ban the magazine, but found that it was not possible to ban it entirely, so he turned to public criticism, which only made the Vietnamese people more sympathetic to Viet Nam News, and the credibility of the Le Duan regime in Vietnam was severely damaged.
In addition to publishing magazines, Hoang Van Huan has also hosted many Vietnamese expatriates in China. Seeing the revolutionary heroes who were also exiled, these expatriates burst into tears, affectionately called him "Uncle Huang", and expressed their support for Huang Wenhuan's ideas.
Huang Wenhuan was deeply gratified by this, but could only comfort his compatriots: "Victory is coming." ”
In 1986, after 20 years in Vietnam, Le Duan died of illness, and his successor, Long March, was a pro-China leader. He admired the Red Army's 25,000-mile Long March, and even changed his name to the Long March because of this.
After taking office, he quickly repudiated Le Duan's policies and worked to improve Sino-Vietnamese relations. At this time, the Soviet Union was about to collapse and China was booming, and the Long March was deeply aware of this, so it decided to get closer to China.
Although Long March did not immediately revoke Huang's verdict, his attitude has softened significantly. His approval of Mr. Huang's son to visit relatives in Beijing and his wife's stay in Beijing were all friendly signs.
During the 1990 Beijing Asian Games, Wu Yuanjia and Huang Wenhua met in Beijing, and the two hugged warmly. The secretary of the Communist Party of Vietnam, Nguyen Van Linh, also expressed his support for Hoang Van Huan and hoped that he would be allowed to return to Vietnam, but he had no choice but to get the consent of others.
Sadly, Huang Wenhuan did not wait for the opportunity to return to his hometown, and he died in May 1991 at the age of 86.
On his deathbed, he left his last words: "I hope to divide my ashes into two parts, one to be scattered at the source of the Red River, so that I can return to my dear motherland Vietnam along the river." On the other hand, I hope to stay in China in some form to express my gratitude to the Communist Party, the Chinese people, and the Vietnamese diaspora in China. ”
As an important neighbor of China, Vietnam's culture is deeply influenced by Chinese civilization and belongs to the Confucian civilization circle with us. In the long course of history, many Vietnamese leaders have maintained close ties with China, have deep feelings for China, and hope to establish and develop friendly relations between the two countries.
However, Le Duan has been trying to set up the banner of anti-China hegemony and use war to obtain economic benefits, resulting in hardship for the Vietnamese people and hindering the country's development.
On the contrary, Hoang Van Huan and other pro-Chinese factions represent the aspirations of the majority of the Vietnamese people, who fervently hope that Vietnam will prosper and that the Vietnamese people will be able to live a happy and happy life.
In order to achieve this goal, we need to promote friendly neighborly relations, especially when China has provided assistance to Vietnam many times, and we must not reciprocate with grievances.
Huang Wenhuan was not a defector, he was not loyal to Li Duan, so he cannot be characterized as a betrayal. He loves the people, and he goes to China for the future of the Vietnamese people, which cannot be counted as a betrayal.
Therefore, Huang Wenhuan should be called a patriot. We look forward to more far-sighted and patriotic politicians in Vietnam to jointly promote the long-lasting friendship between China and Vietnam.