In 1924, during the first period of cooperation between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party, Mr. Sun Yat-sen, with the assistance of our Party and the Soviet Union, founded the famous oneWhampoa Military Academy, thenAt the opening ceremony of the Military Academy, Dr. Sun Yat-sen pointed out that the Whampoa Military Academy was founded to create a revolutionary army to save China from peril.
During this period, Mr. Sun Yat-sen said that the Whampoa Military Academy was"The product of the struggle between the oppressed and the oppressed, a star in the long night, a revolutionary camp at the dawn of the day".
As Mr. Sun Yat-sen expected, the early Whampoa Military Academy cultivated a large number of talents for the Chinese revolution, during which the revolutionary ancestors Zuo Quan, Chen Geng, and Zhao Yiman ......All of them were born in the Whampoa Military Academy.
The Political Department is one of the six departments under the Whampoa Military Academy, which is mainly responsible for political education and propaganda for the faculty, staff and students of the school.
Not only ***, but also many people have served as the director of the Political Department, so who are the previous directors of the Political Department of the Whampoa Military Academy, and what is their final outcome?
The first director of the Political Department of the Whampoa Military Academy after its establishment wasDai JitaoThis appointment was signed by Dr. Sun Yat-sen himself on June 13, 1924, three days before the opening of the Whampoa Military Academy.
The reason for this appointment is, on the one hand, because Dai Jitao has been by Mr. Sun Yat-sen's side for a long time and has won the trust of Mr. Sun Yat-sen.
On the other hand, because Dai Jitao was good at theory, Dr. Sun Yat-sen believed that he could "take responsibility for political education".
However, for Dai Jitao, in essence, the director of the Political Department was only one of his many positions, and at that time he was also a member of the National Executive Committee, a standing committee member, and the head of the Propaganda Department.
Because of this, he has limited energy in various positions, and it is difficult for him to find time to make more plans or reflections on the work of the Department of Political Affairs, so he has not been able to make any important achievements during his tenure as director of the Department of Political Affairs.
During his tenure, he wrote lyrics for the first school song of the Whampoa Military Academy, but due to factors such as the rhythm was not smooth enough and the words did not fit together, this song was not liked by the teachers and students of the school, and it was not widely circulated.
On June 22, 1924, Dai Jitao publicly resigned from all positions and actually left the post of director of the Political Department on June 28During this period, there were only 15 days from the official appointment to the departure from the post.
As for the final outcome of Dai Jitao, on February 11, 1949, when the People's Liberation Army was marching all the way, out of complete despair for the people, Dai Jitao committed suicide by taking sleeping pills in the Dongyuan Guest House in Guangzhou.
On June 22, 1924, Dai Jitao said that he would resign from all positions, the same dayLiao ZhongkaiIt was proposed byShao Yuanchongserved as the director of the Political Department, so Shao Yuanchong became the second director of the Political Department of the Whampoa Military Academy.
Like Dai Jitao, Shao Yuanchong also holds many positions, including the secretary-general of the General Headquarters of the Guangdong Army and the standing committee member of the National ** Executive Committee.
Liao ZhongkaiTherefore, after serving as the director of the Political Department of the Whampoa Military Academy, Shao Yuanchong began to travel back and forth between the provincial capital and the military academy day after day.
However, even so, Shao Yuanchong still tried his best to fulfill as much as possible the responsibilities that need to be assumed behind the post of director of the Political Department, and during his tenure, Shao Yuanchong formulated and proposed a set of work methods for the Political Department aimed at expanding the propaganda of the Three People's Principles and the National Revolutionary Movement.
However, he did not achieve good results in his actual work, but caused dissatisfaction among the majority of teachers and students, mainly due to two reasons.
First of all, due to his many positions, Shao Yuanchong, who is busy with work, has always been in a hurry, neither talking to students nor interacting with instructors, and often picking up his briefcase and leaving in a hurry after political speechesIt is essentially detached from the group of teachers and students
On the other hand, the content of each of Shao Yuanchong's speeches is the same, all of which are linked from the benevolence and filial piety etiquette of Confucius and Mencius to Mr. Sun Yat-sen's Three People's Doctrine, saying that Mr. Sun Yat-sen's Three People's Doctrine originated from Confucius and Mencius's benevolence and love.
The hollowness and boredom of the lectures often caused most students to fall asleep, hence the code name "Hypnotism Director"., at the same timeHe also aroused the disgust of many students, who thought that his interpretation was distorting and tampering with Dr. Sun Yat-sen's Three People's Principles.
It is precisely because of this that the dissatisfaction of the teachers and students of the whole school was gradually reflected in Liao Zhongkai's office, and after consulting with Chiang Kai-shek, Soviet military advisers, and others, he decided to recommend a suitable candidate by our party to be the director of the Political Department.
The reason for this result is not only the dissatisfaction of teachers and students, but also because Shao Yuanchong's appointment as director of the Political Department was temporary, and on November 12, 1924, Shao Yuanchong was personally appointed by Mr. Sun Yat-sen as one of the eight cultural attachés who accompanied him to the north, so Shao Yuanchong's resignation was inevitable.
Regarding the final outcome of Shao Yuanchong, in early December 1936, Shao Yuanchong and his wife Zhang Mojun went to Xi'an at the invitation of Chiang Kai-shek.
When the Xi'an Incident broke out on December 12, Shao Yuanchong, who heard the gunshots, escaped by jumping out of the window of the Xi'an Guest House, and was wounded by soldiers, and died of his injuries in the Shaanxi Provincial Hospital in Xi'an two days later.
After Shao Yuanchong, he became the third director of the Political Department of the Whampoa Military Academy, in fact, he had already served at the Whampoa Military Academy long before Shao Yuanchong's resignation.
In June 1924, Liao Zhongkai submitted a letter to the then deputy director of the Political DepartmentZhang Shen Mansionproposed that he would be able to recommend some outstanding students who had studied abroad to work at the Whampoa Military Academy, so Zhang Shenfu responded with a letter of recommendation, and in the list of 15 members of our party, the name of ** was ranked first.
After that, Zhang Shenfu tried to contact ***, who was in Europe, please return to China as soon as possible, and raised funds for him to return home from Europe.
Zhang Shen MansionOn September 1, he arrived in Hong Kong by boat, and arrived at the Tianzi Wharf in Guangzhou a few days later, and in late September, he was hired as a political instructor at the Whampoa Military Academy under the recommendation of Zhang Shenfu, and lecturedPolitical Economythis course.
At the same time, as early as late June, Zhang Shenfu resigned from the post of deputy director of the Political Department, and on November 13, Shao Yuanchong set off with Mr. Sun Yat-sen to the north, which caused a vacancy in the post of director of the Political Department.
After working at the Whampoa Military Academy for a period of time, ** was appointed deputy director of the Political Department, and in late November, he succeeded Shao Yuanchong as director of the Political Department.
After becoming the director of the Political Department, he immediately moved the Political Department from the downtown area of Guangzhou to the military academy, and personally established a set of practical and effective work systems, which changed the chaotic and disorderly work of the Political Department before.
From this point to meet, during this period, *** made many effective and far-reaching measures in this job, including: expanding the influence of our party, establishing the Mars Club, establishing the Blood Flower Drama Club, and so on.
With the efforts of the party, the influence of our party in the Whampoa Military Academy has achieved unprecedented development, from the first to the fourth phase of the Whampoa has nearly 500 party members, league members, progressive students, the early days of the founding of the party in the early days, the early military backbone is generally in this ranks, which shows that the director of the political department has a far-reaching impact.
On October 6, 1925, the Eastern Expeditionary Army set out and established the General Political Department of the Eastern Expeditionary Army, and concurrently served as the director of the General Political Department of the Eastern Expeditionary Army as the director of the Political Department of the 1st Army, and at the same time he also left the post of director of the Political Department of the Whampoa Military Academy.
There is no need to repeat the story of the later days, the high-rise buildings of New China rose from the ground, and the ten-mile long street that sent *** ......Scenes of history have always been fixed in the minds of the Chinese people and have never been forgotten.
With the departure of ***, the post of director of the political department of the Whampoa Military Academy faced a new vacancy, as a replacement for the Chinese translator of General Gallen, then a military adviser to the Soviet Union, and a Russian translator of Chiang Kai-shekBuschHe is also the Director of the Political Department.
Looking back on the above three changes, it can be clearly glimpsed that neither Dai Jitao nor Shao Yuanchong attached great importance to the work of the director of the Political Department, and only the most conscientious assumed the corresponding responsibility.
After Bu Shiqi became the director of the Political Department, he was already busy with work and did not pay much attention to it, so he did not rush to the Political Department for more than a month, so he could only change someone else to take up this position.
Since then, Bu Shiqi has been in various positions in the national **, mostly focusing on his ability to work in Russian, so his resume has not been particularly prominent from beginning to end.
In October 1949, with the change of the domestic situation, Bu Shiqi left the mainland for Taiwan Province, and lived in
He died in Taiwan on May 24, 1964.
As early as when he was the director of the Political Department, the work was carried out in an orderly manner, so the status of the Political Department in the eyes of the school's teachers and students should not be underestimated.
However, after *** left, the two major organizations in the military academy, the Young Military Federation and the Sun Wenism Society, broke out like a wild horse, and even almost pulled out a gun and killed someone.
In view of this, Liao Zhongkai believes that it is necessary to have an outstanding director of the Political Department to continue to sit at the Whampoa Military Academy to prevent such incidents from happening.
First of all, he tried to contact Chiang Kai-shek and asked if he could continue to come back to preside over the work, but he was told that he was busy with work ahead and could not return to Huangpu, so Liao Zhongkai had to contact the Guangdong District Committee of our party in order to recommend a new director of the Political Department, so under the recommendation of the Guangdong District CommitteeBao Hui monkHe became the new head of the Political Department.
Bao Huiseng, one of the early members of our party, maintained a calm and prudent style, and the same is true in his work, because his main task as head of the Political Department was based on the above situation, and his main achievements were concentrated here.
First of all,Bao Huiseng maintained the work system formulated before, and at the same time, according to the actual situation in the Whampoa Military Academy, he reformulated the study plan and added some coursesAs a result, students have a significant reduction in the amount of time they have at their disposal, thus reducing the occurrence of conflicts.
On the other hand,He tried to find a way to have a good relationship with the education chief Qian Dajun, and asked him to do a good job in the ideological work of some students, and strive for the students not to be in school.
After such adjustments, although the Whampoa Military Academy has not changed in any way, it has always maintained a stable status quo, and there have been no major conflicts, and its original purpose has been achieved.
After that, with the development of the Second Eastern Crusade, due to a large shortage of political staff at the front, after consultation with Chiang Kai-shek, Bao Huiseng was transferred to the Third Division of the Eastern Expeditionary Army and left the Whampoa Military Academy.
However, at the time of the failure of the Great Revolution, Bao Huisheng was depressed due to the frustration of his career, and made the wrong decision again, and since then he has served in many places in the country.
In 1948, when the Liberation War was in full swing, Bao Huiseng moved his family to Macao, returned to China in November 1949, and entered the Political Research Institute of North China People's Revolutionary University at the beginning of the following year.
From April 1957, Bao Hui was appointed as a counselor until his death in Beijing on July 2, 1979.
It is worth mentioning that because Bao Huiseng was one of the early members of our party, he wrote many precious historical materials about the early days of the founding of the party and the development of the workers' movement in the early days of our party through the perspective of reminiscence.
After Bao Huiseng was transferred, the post of director of the Political Department was transferred from the then secretary general of the Whampoa Military AcademyShao LiziTemporarily**.
Shao Lizi himself was also one of the early members of our party, but he was also an important member of the Kuomintang, and in fact, there were some people within the Kuomintang who always adhered to Dr. Sun Yat-sen's policy of uniting with the Communist Party and maintained close ties with our party, including Shao Lizi.
During Shao Lizi's tenure as director of the Political Department, he did not make particularly great achievements in the management of the military academy, after all, his presiding over political work at the military academy itself was slightly tinged with "literati participation in politics."
Shao LiziIn a state of nothingness, although I insist on going to the military school every day to take a look and make speeches, all this is mostly on the surface.
This kind of time didn't last long, Shao Lizi was bornNorthern Expeditionand left the military academy.
Since then, with the passage of time, Shao Lizi has remained in the internal office of the Kuomintang until 1949, as a member of the delegation to the peace talks on the Kuomintang side, after the negotiation broke down, Shao Lizi announced that he would leave the Kuomintang and stay in Beijing.
After that, Shao Lizifu served as a member of the Standing Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference and the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress in China, and did not pay a lot of effort for the third cooperation between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party and the peaceful liberation of Taiwan, until his death in Beijing on December 25, 1967.
Among the above-mentioned successive directors of the Political Department, there is only one person who has made achievements in essence, but as the seventh director of the Political Department of the Whampoa Military AcademyXiong Xiong, also contributed a lot in this position.
Xiong XiongAs early as June 1925, after Xiong Xiong was ordered to return to China, he entered the Whampoa Military Academy as a political instructor, after the victory of the Eastern Expedition, Xiong Xiong has served as the deputy director of the Political Department, and it can be seen from the previous that Xiong Xiong has begun to preside over the basic work of the Political Department at this time, and in July 1926, with the departure of Shao Lizi, Xiong Xiong officially became the director of the Political Department.
During the period when Xiong Xiong presided over the corresponding work, he paid special attention to the ideological construction of the students, often instilled in them the basic theories of Mr. Sun Yat-sen's New Three People's Principles and Marxism-Leninism, and successively invited many people, including Lu Xun, to give reports to the military academy to conduct political education for the students.
All in all, echoing Mr. Sun Yat-sen's original intention of establishing the Whampoa Military Academy to cultivate revolutionary talents, Xiong Xiong has made a lot of efforts and efforts to achieve this, and his dedication has also had a profound impact on the students.
During this period, he was a trainee of the fifth batchXu GuangdaThe general once said this in his memoirs"Xiong Xiong, not tall in stature, kind face, hard-working spirit ......He pointed out the direction we were aiming at, encouraged our boiling enthusiasm, made us fight all the way to Wuhan and Nanjing, and eliminated Wu Peifu and Sun Chuanfang, who were better than us and stronger than us, and ...... them”
Xu GuangdaThrough the memories of General Xu Guangda, it is enough to get a glimpse of the indelible traces left by Xiong Xiong in the minds of the students of the Whampoa Military Academy during that time.
However, it is the ending of Xiong Xiong that is regrettableIn 1927, Chiang Kai-shek launched a counter-revolution and wantonly ** members of our party, although they were afraid of Xiong Xiong's influence in Guangdong and the military academy, they did not directly attack Xiong Xiong, but used deceptive methods to secretly arrest him, and killed Xiong Xiong, who was only 35 years old, in the middle of the night.