On September 16, 1946, ** drafted instructions for the Military Commission of the Communist Party of China on the concentration of superior forces to annihilate the enemy individually, pointing out:
"The method of concentrating superior forces and annihilating the enemy must be applied not only to the deployment of the campaign, but also to the deployment of tactics. ”This directive is included in the fourth volume of the ** Anthology.The effect of this method of warfare is: First, it can be completely annihilated, and second, it can be quickly resolved. Only by annihilating the enemy can we strike at the enemy army most effectively, so that the enemy army will be annihilated by one regiment and one regiment will be annihilated, and one brigade will be annihilated by one brigade and one brigade will be missing. ”
The principle of concentrating forces to annihilate the enemy is to take the annihilation of the enemy's vital forces as the main goal, and not to defend or seize places as the main goal. ”
At this time, the Liberation War had broken out for nearly three months, and the Chinese People's Liberation Army had already won some small-scale victories in the war, annihilated a number of Kuomintang troops, and gained combat experience. In order to further unify operational thinking and speed up the course of the war, the operational experience in the early stage of the war was scientifically summed up.
There are a total of 9 instructions in this article.
Article 1, the general principle, "to concentrate superior forces and annihilate the enemy individually" is used not onlyCampaigndeployed, and must be applied toTacticsof deployment.
Article 2, How to deploy in a campaign? The directive states that when the enemy attacks our troops, "our military affairs must concentrate absolutely superior forces, that is, six, five, or four times the enemy's forces, or at least three times the enemy's forces, and find the opportunity to first encircle and destroy one of the enemy's brigades (or regiments)." This brigade (or regiment) should be the weaker of the enemy's brigades, or the one with less assistance, or the terrain and the people's conditions in the area where it is stationed should be the most favorable to us and unfavorable to the enemy. "When encircling and annihilating, it is necessary to contain the rest of the enemy forces with a certain number of troops, so that they cannot be rescued. Then he also cited the cases of the Rugao Battle and the Dingtao Battle. - It's the equivalent of teaching by hand.
Article 3, how to deploy tactically? Tactics are more specific than battles, that is, when the encirclement of such superior forces is completed, how will it be fought? The directive pointed out that the corps (or units) that were responsible for the attack should not attempt to annihilate the enemy surrounded by us at once and at the same time, so that the forces should be divided equally, attacking everywhere and being ineffective everywhere, delaying time, and making it difficult to achieve results. Rather, it is necessary to concentrate the absolute superiority of forces, that is, to concentrate six, five, and four times the enemy's forces, or at least three times the enemy's forces, and concentrate all or most of the artillery, and choose the weaker point (not two news) from the enemy's positions, and attack it fiercely. After succeeding, quickly expand the results of the battle, and annihilate the enemy individually.
Article 4: The effect of this method of warfare is that one can completely annihilate the whole thing, and the other can make a quick decision. Only by annihilating the enemy can we strike at the enemy army most effectively, so that the enemy army will be annihilated by one regiment and one regiment will be annihilated, and one brigade will be annihilated by one brigade and one brigade will be missing. A quick decision will make it possible for our troops to annihilate the enemy's reinforcements individually, and it will also make it possible for our troops to avoid the enemy's reinforcements.
Here a quick and lasting dialectic is proposed:A quick tactical and campaign decision is a necessary condition for a sustained strategy.
Article 5 criticizes many people for not being able to truly implement this principle, and the root cause lies in underestimating the enemy.
Article 6 points out that this principle is a fine tradition of our military all along, and it is not new. During the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, our army mainly focused on dispersing troops to fight guerrilla warfare, supplemented by concentrating troops to fight mobile warfare. During the period of civil war, the situation changed, and our army should concentrate its forces to fight mobile warfare, supplemented by dispersed forces to fight guerrilla warfare.
Article 7, how to properly apply this principle? This method must be applied when the enemy is in an offensive position and we are in a defensive position. It can be used flexibly when the situation changes.
Article 8 stresses the importance of coordination with local forces.
Article 9 once again expounds on the principle of "concentrating forces to annihilate the enemy individually" at a macro level, that is, the main goal is to annihilate the enemy's vital forces, and not to defend or seize localities as the main goal.
This article can be said to be the secret of the victory of the Liberation War, and it is also the essence of the art of war.