With the continuous development of science and technology, laboratories are more and more widely used in various fields. However, while the laboratory brings convenience to human beings, it also produces a large amount of waste, which is called the "three wastes of the laboratory", including waste water, waste gas and waste residue. Laboratory waste has a serious impact on the environment, so it is particularly important to take effective control measures to treat it.
1. The impact of the three wastes on the environment in the laboratory
1. Wastewater: The wastewater generated by the laboratory contains a large number of toxic and harmful substances, such as heavy metals, organic matter, acid and alkali, etc. These substances cause great harm to the environment and human health. If it is discharged directly into the water body, it will damage the aquatic ecosystem, lead to the deterioration of water quality, and even cause water pollution incidents.
2. Exhaust gas: The laboratory will produce a large number of toxic and harmful gases during the experiment, such as ammonia, hydrogen sulfide, formaldehyde, etc. These gases pollute the atmospheric environment, affect air quality, and cause irritation and damage to the human respiratory system and **. In addition, some of the exhaust gases are also flammable and explosive, increasing the risk of fire and accidents.
3. Waste residue: The waste residue generated in the laboratory mainly includes chemical reagent bottles, waste drugs, experimental utensils, etc. These residues may contain toxic and harmful substances, which can contaminate soil and groundwater if discarded at will. At the same time, improper disposal of waste residue may also cause secondary pollution, such as waste liquid leakage.
2. Control measures for three wastes in the laboratory
1. Wastewater treatment: The laboratory should establish wastewater treatment facilities to effectively treat wastewater. Commonly used wastewater treatment methods are physical, chemical and biological. The physical method is mainly to remove suspended solids in wastewater by means of sedimentation and filtrationThe chemical method is to make the toxic and harmful substances in the wastewater react chemically by adding chemical agents to produce harmless or low-toxicity substancesThe biological method is the use of microorganisms to decompose organic matter in wastewater into harmless substances.
2. Waste gas treatment: The laboratory should install waste gas treatment equipment to treat the waste gas. Commonly used waste gas treatment methods include adsorption method, absorption method, combustion method and catalytic method. The adsorption method is to adsorb toxic and harmful substances in the exhaust gas through adsorbents such as activated carbon and zeoliteThe absorption method is to absorb toxic and harmful substances in the exhaust gas through solvents;The combustion method is to burn off the combustible components in the exhaust gas to reduce the concentration of the exhaust gasThe law of catalysis is to convert the toxic and harmful substances in the exhaust gas into harmless or low-toxic substances through catalysts.
3. Waste residue treatment: The laboratory should establish a waste residue classification collection and treatment system to effectively treat the waste residue. Waste residue treatment methods include utilization, incineration and landfill. **Utilization is to extract the useful substances in the waste residue and reuse them;Incineration is the burning of waste residue to reduce its volume and toxicity;Landfilling is the landfill of waste residue in a special landfill to prevent it from polluting the environment.