During the period of the Red Army, the corps was a special formation, which initially resembled a group army, with several armies under its jurisdiction. However, after 1931, the corps abolished the corps level and changed to a division directly under its jurisdiction, which made the corps and corps practically indistinguishable.
During the period of the Red Army, the famous regiments were mainly concentrated in the Red.
1. The Red Second Front, such as the Red of the Red First Front.
1. Red. 3. Red.
5. Red. VIII. The Red Ninth Army, the Red of the Red Second Front.
2. The Red Sixth Army Corps, as well as the Red Seventh Army Corps and the Red Tenth Army Corps that covered the strategic transfer of the main force in the name of the "Northward Anti-Japanese Advance Team".
If you look closely at the numbers of these legions, you will see that one legion is missing, the Red Fourth Legion. However, in the plan of ***, it was originally intended to set up the Red Fourth Army.
The birth of the Red Fourth Army can be described as "born out of thin air", and its scale and grandeur of its plan still make people feel excited to recall it today.
With the growth of the Red Army in guerrilla warfare, the base areas and guerrilla areas throughout the country were gradually connected, forming large-scale and relatively stable Soviet areas, such as southwestern Jiangxi, western Fujian, Hunan-Jiangxi, western Hunan-Hubei, Hubei-Henan-Anhui, and northeastern Jiangxi.
With the expansion of the Soviet districts, new changes have also taken place in the operational and organizational forms of the Red Army, and the main force of the Red Army in some large Soviet areas has grown to close to or exceed 10,000 people.
Against this background, the Red Army began to move from guerrilla warfare to mobile warfare, to reorganize and create regular corps. ** On April 15, 1930, the Central Military Commission issued the "Outline of the Military Work Plan", which emphasized that the Red Army should "centralize organization and unified command" and proposed that "in order to adapt to the environment of struggle and for the sake of coordinated action of all armies, it is necessary to establish a unified command organ above the corps level."
In May 1930, the National Conference of Red Army Representatives was held in Shanghai, at which the tasks, tactics, and troop establishment of the Red Army were discussed, and decisions were made accordingly.
The meeting decided that the Red Army should be organized into corps, divisions, regiments, battalions, companies, platoons, and squads, and that the three-three system should be adopted at all levels, with each division having a full strength of 14,000 men. In addition, the meeting also stressed the need for the organization of corps and above in the two armies and the establishment of command offices to be responsible for directing the military work of the two armies.
In the summer of 1930, the units of the Red Army were reorganized according to the instructions of **, and the Red Third Army Corps, the Red First Army Corps and the Red Second Army Corps were formed respectively. Due to the differences in the environment and the strength of the troops in different places, these corps were adjusted to the reorganization plan of ** when they were actually formed.
Among them, the Red Third Army Corps was established in Daye, Hubei Province around June 10, with Teng Daiyuan, the political commissar of the commander-in-chief, under the jurisdiction of the Red 5th Army and the Red 8th Army, with about 10,000 troops.
The Red First Army was established in Changting, western Fujian from June 12 to 22, with the commander-in-chief and political commissar under the jurisdiction of the Red 4th Army, the Red 6th Army, and the Red 12th Army, with about 20,000 people.
Finally, the Red Second Army Corps was formed in Jiangling, Hubei Province in mid-July, with the commander-in-chief **, political commissar Zhou Yiqun, under the jurisdiction of the Red 2nd Army and the Red 6th Army.
The red of the Hubei-Henan-Anhui base area.
1. Red. Second, the Red Third Army Corps was established one after another, and the next one to be established was the Red Fourth Army Corps. In the autumn of 1930, ** planned in the red zone of the whole country, and planned to reorganize the Red Army units in the red area north of the Yangtze River into the new Red 4th Army, and then form the Red Fourth Army on this basis to form the Red Army in the south.
The 1st and 3rd Army Corps, the 2nd Red Army Corps in the middle, and the 4th Red Army Corps in the north.
This pattern is bold and generous, and strategically it is like three knives plunging straight into the Kuomintang-ruled areas. Hubei-Henan-Anhui Base Area is the largest Soviet area north of the Yangtze River, developed from the Jute Uprising, Shangnan Uprising, and Liuhuo Uprising, and is located in the Dabie Mountains in the hinterland of the Central Plains, adjacent to Wuhan, an important town ruled by the Kuomintang, and the Jinghan Railway, an important transportation artery.
Since its establishment, the Hubei-Henan-Anhui base areas have repeatedly been regarded as a danger to the henchmen of the Kuomintang Chiang Kai-shek authorities, and they have constantly sent heavy troops to "encircle and suppress," but instead of being "wiped out," the Red Army has grown and grown like a spark burning a prairie fire.
In February and March 1930, it was decided to formally establish the Hubei-Henan-Anhui Special Committee of the Communist Party of China, and the local Red Army was combined into the 1st Army of the Chinese Workers' and Peasants' Red Army, and the commander was Xu Jishen, a student of the first phase of Huangpu.
The founders of the Hubei-Henan-Anhui Soviet Region planned to merge the Red 1st Army in Hubei-Henan-Anhui, the Red 9th Army in northern Hubei and the Red 15th Army in Qihuangguang into the Red Fourth Army. The Red 15th Army consisted of the Red 8th Army.
The Fourth and Fifth Columns were formed, and in 1930, they crossed the river from the Hunan-Hubei-Jiangxi base area to eastern Hubei and established the Red 15th Army.
From November 1930 to January 1931, the Red 1st Army and the Red 15th Army defeated the Kuomintang's first encirclement and suppression of the Hubei-Henan-Anhui Soviet Region.
After the army commander was Kuang Jixun, the political commissar was Yu Dusan, and the chief of staff was ***, the troops faced the second encirclement and suppression of the Kuomintang army in mid-March 1931, and had to fight continuously and could not continue to be reorganized.
The Red 9th Army in northern Hubei was also unable to enter the Hubei-Henan-Anhui Soviet region as originally planned. In May, Zhang Guotao was sent to Hubei, Henan and Anhui to preside over the overall work of the local party, government and army.
In early October, when the Red Fourth Army was being reorganized at the end of the operation, Zhang Guotao presided over a large-scale "purge of rebellion," during which about 2,500 Red Army commanders and fighters at all levels were purged, which caused serious consequences to the building of the party and the Red Army in the Hubei-Henan-Anhui Soviet region.
On November 7, 1931, the Red 4th Army and the newly established Red 25th Army were merged into the Red Fourth Front Army of the Chinese Workers' and Peasants' Red Army. In this way, the original plan of the Red Fourth Army Corps stayed on the blueprint forever.
In the preparation of the Red Fourth Army, great efforts were made to find *** and Zeng Zhongsheng to serve as military and political leaders. **Known as "contemporary Sun Wu", Zeng Zhongsheng is recognized as a military and political leader.
If Liu and Zeng jointly formed the Red Fourth Army in the Hubei-Henan-Anhui region, they would definitely be able to create brilliance with their talents and personalities. With the addition of Kuang Jixun, Xu Jishen and others, the history of the Hubei-Henan-Anhui base area, the Red Fourth Army and even the Red Fourth Front Army will be rewritten.
However, this genius's idea failed to come true, and Zhang Guotao was sent to preside over the work, and a year later the Hubei-Henan-Anhui Soviet Region was abandoned, and Zeng Zhongsheng was also killed in the name of "suppressing rebellion", which is a sad history.
Great military strategist ***
**The fate with the Red Fourth Army and the Hubei-Henan-Anhui Soviet Region seems to be the arrangement of fate. In the later stages of the Long March, he was coerced south by Zhang Guotao and witnessed the failure of Zhang Guotao's route.
After the outbreak of the Anti-Japanese War, the Red Fourth Front Army was reorganized into the 129th Division of the Eighth Route Army, and ** served as the division commander. This seems to be a historical coincidence, but also an arrangement of fate.
** He was supposed to be the leader of this army seven years ago, but he eventually became the military chief of this army in the baptism of war, and has been leading this Hubei-Henan-Anhui army for 13 years.