History and culture have their grandiose and far-reaching outlines, but also their subtle and vibrant details. The vividness of history and culture can be perceived from the details, and the "big" culture can also be seen from the "small" books. Today, for the dearThere are 12 kinds of small books in the "World Says China" seriesto observe a side of Chinese culture that you may not have known about. "The World of Romance of the Three Kingdoms".
Jin Wenjing, an internationally renowned expert in Ming and Qing Dynasty researchExplore a world of Three Kingdoms that you may not have known aboutA popular cultural book about "Romance of the Three Kingdoms".
The book revolves around the topic of "Three Kingdoms", involving ancient language and thoughts, characters, the mystery of the author's life, publishing competition and other aspects, which is an interesting encyclopedia of "Romance of the Three Kingdoms". 
Nothing is possibleThe story of the Three Kingdoms can be so fascinating, which is closely related to the fact that there will always be a clever appearance of the word "three" at every important point in the story. Needless to say, the title of the book is "The opening of the work is".Taoyuan three knotsPreviously, there were Zhang Jiao, Zhang Bao, Zhang Liang, etcThree Yellow Turban Brothersto make the way for it, and there will be after that".Tiger Prison Pass Three British Battle Lu BuTao Gongzu three let XuzhouThree things about the Tuntu Shanguan Convention"After that, there are women and children who know."Look at the thatched house three times"And".Set three points in Longzhong's decision", and then there were".The son of Jingzhou City seeks three plansSanqi Zhou GongjinThe author's deliberate use of the number "three" is closely related to the Chinese's worldview or cosmology"Heaven, earth, and man" are the so-called "three talents"., that is, the worldview of the ancient Chinese people. In the concept of the Chinese, "number" is divided into three categories, namely:
One, two, and three or moreThe third is the representation of all the numbers up to infinity。Lao Tzu said".Tao begets one, one begets two, two begets three, and three begets all things".。Sima Qian said in the "Historical Records".The number begins with one, ends with ten, and becomes three2.Five Hu and Sixteen Kingdoms: The Great Migration of Nationalities in Chinese HistoryLook at it from a different perspectiveFive Hu and Sixteen KingdomsThe Great Migration of Ethnic Groups in ChinaWhat exactly does it bring to China? Chinese society is based on multi-ethnic activitiesFusion and gradual formation. ”
Collating Japanese academia since the 30s of the 20th centuryFive Hu and Sixteen Kingdoms Studies……If I break down the old barriers of thought, I will feel that this is an era full of fascinating possibilities. In addition, the Wuhu and Sixteen Kingdoms is an era in which many ethnic groups, including the Han nationality, emphasize themselves, influence each other, integrate with each other, create a new society and culture, and then form a new China. ——Ryōsho Misaki is an academic treatise on the background of the Wuhu and Sixteen Kingdoms era. It mainly sorts out the research on the Five Hu and Sixteen Kingdoms since the 30s of the 20th century, and divides it into three phases: the study of the Five Hu and Sixteen Kingdoms in the initial period, the development of the study of the Five Hu and the Sixteen Kingdoms in the modern period, and introduces in detail the important research results, research topics and bottlenecks to be broken through in the three periods. 3."China's Mythical Beasts and Evil Ghosts: The World of the Classic of Mountains and Seas".(Updated and Revised).Centered on the "Classic of Mountains and Seas".Reconstruction of pre-Qin folk societyTake the "Classic of Mountains and Seas" as a clueSome shallow hidden spirits and fetish-infested storiesYamakawa Yazawa which records "the outside world".with the supernatural beings who inhabit itFind out what it meansThe part of ancient Chinese folklore that emerges
The world depicted in The Classic of Mountains and Seas is based on the folk society of the pre-Qin period in China. However, the question is by whom and for what purpose these folk lives were recorded, and why were they systematized to extend their scope to the whole country? - Kiyoji ItoIn ancient China, in addition to the space of human life, there were also more expansive forests, deserts, and fields that gave birth to countless beasts and birds of prey, and these spaces were called the "outside world" by people. It is believed that there are supernatural ghosts, gods, monsters, and mythical beasts living in the "outside world", some of them are kind, and some of them are **. Through the study of the Classic of Mountains and Seas, the author interprets the imagination and cognition, curiosity and fear of the "outside world" of ancient China. 4."Otsuki Clan: In Search of the Enigmatic Peoples of Central Asia".Archaeologist Nakao KotaniWith 40 years of archaeological research
Trying to reveal the history of this mysterious people to the readerThe author is based on a large amount of material in his possessionIt is deduced that both the Yue clan and the Kushan dynasty areIt is based in the Amu Darya Dara RiverThe same group of nomads
I didn't come to any surprising conclusions about the study of the Tsukishi clan, but my intention was to understand the Tsukishi and Kushan people, who were active in the ancient world between the East and the West. —Nakao Kotani In this book, the prologue, the first and second chapters are devoted to the emergence of the nomadic Yueshi on the northwestern frontier of China. Chapter 3 presents the results of excavations of the true Greek city of Ayhanum, discovered in northern Afghanistan, and deals with the situation of the Yueshi after their westward migration. Chapters 4 and 5 deal with the imminent and emerging Kushan dynasty. Chapters 6 and 7 are the main points of the author's travel diary during his visit to Soviet Central Asia in 1996. The final chapter examines the relationship between Yueshi and Kushan from an archaeological perspective. 5."The History of Eunuchs".From an outsider's point of viewExamine the world of Chinese eunuchsHow did eunuchs act in the depths of Chinese politics? And how do they move the country? The life of the eunuch and the history of the eunuchPower, the end of the eunuchs of the Qing DynastyThe celebrities and secrets among the eunuchs were dug up one by one
The word "eunuch" is a combination of the word "official" and the word "minister", and its original meaning is to appoint (post) and learn (xi). Thus, the combination of the baozigai (guanguan) and the courtiers was to learn how to serve the monarch, that is, the apprenticeship of the officials, and in turn it referred to ordinary officials, which later became the title of castrated men who were called in the court
The origin of the eunuchsThe history of eunuchs is extremely ancient, the Yin Dynasty (1751 BC - 1050 BC) has let the Qiang people of different nationalities as eunuchs, in the ancient books you can see temple people, dying people, dying officials, middle officials, internal officials, inner servants, inner supervisors, etc.
Learn from **As soon as the eunuchs entered the court, they were required to spend a few days in the aforementioned Punishment Division. As mentioned earlier, in order to serve the court, it is necessary to remember the etiquette of conversation and behavior. This is because the court has different systems, festivals, customs, terms, taboos, etiquette, and rules that are different from ordinary society, and it is very difficult for poor people from the countryside to learn these things. Therefore, newcomers who have just entered the court are not given any work at the beginning, but are strictly trained by the senior eunuchs every day. 6."The Prostitute and the Literati".
A book examines the history of prostitutesand its relationship with scholars
From ancient Chinese books** and folkloreQuoting a special spiritual between literati and prostitutesand physical dependenceThis peculiar social relationship is analyzed
They are sophisticated but also graceful and affectionate Qinglou girls, they are rich in poetry and books but also affectionate Qingshu customers. Among them, the famous ones, such as Xue Tao and Yuan Zhen, Yu Xuanji and Wen Tingyun, Li Shishi and Zhou Bangyan, Liu Rushi and Qian Qianyi, have left all kinds of legends.
The origin of the name of the prostituteXu Shen explained the word "prostitute" in "Shuowen Jie Zi": ".Prostitutes, women and small things also。That is, it means a lowly woman. "Prostitute" is also derived from a woman with "skills". In China, people attach great importance to the skills of prostitutes, which is one of the reasons for the origin of the name prostitute, which has a lot to do with the cultural way of valuing edification.
Categories of prostitutesProstitutes have existed in all aspects of Chinese society since the Spring and Autumn Period, and later generations roughly divided prostitutes into categories according to the place to which they belongedPalace prostitutes, domestic prostitutes, camp prostitutes, official prostitutes, and folk prostitutes5 types, and most of them are commensurate with this.
The prostitute's skillThe prostitute's skills include a variety of different aspectsThe main thing is ** and dance。The skills of prostitutes such as singing, dancing, and playing music are basically under the jurisdiction of the ** offices of various dynasties. Prostitutes must not only be able to sing and dance, but also at wine banquetsAbility to socialize with good speech and tactIt is also an important aspect of evaluating prostitutes.
7."Pirates of China".From the beginning of antiquity to the modern periodPirates that take place off the coast of Chinapiracy, piracy and other activities to be studiedExamine the history of China from another angle
The earliest pirates in Chinese historyThe first pirate to appear in Chinese history books was Zhang Bolu of the Later Han Dynasty. The time is the period of Emperor An of the Later Han Dynasty. In the autumn and July of the third year of Yongchu (109 years), the pirate Zhang Bolu and others led more than 3,000 people to loot the nine coastal counties and killed the magistrate. Mazu, the goddess of navigationWhat is indispensable for sailing boats on the waters of China is the belief in Mazu. Mazu is the goddess who protects the safety of navigation on the sea and on the water. 
Mazu was protected in all dynasties, especially in the Ming Dynasty, where Mazu was worshipped as a celestial concubine. Zheng He's voyage to the Indian Ocean also gave thanks to Mazu for the protection of maritime navigation. In the twenty-third year of the Kangxi reign of the Qing Dynasty (1684), Mazu was crowned as ".Protecting the country and protecting the people, Zhao Ling, should be a benevolent queen8.The Birth of Chinese Speech LiteratureFrom the pre-Qin period to the Six DynastiesTracing China's "first prehistory".
The Japanese word "speak" corresponds to the meaning of "story" or "legend" in modern Chinese, which can be interpreted as stories or legends that have been "passed down" or "passed down" since ancient times. Therefore, for the field of Japanese literature studies, the use of "speaking" is more appropriate and acceptable. Chinese speaking literature was born at the beginning of the Six Dynasties, and the scope of this book is up to the end of the Six Dynasties, which is the so-called "prehistory". **The term was first seen in the Zhuangzi chapter on foreign objects:"Decorated with a dry county order, it is far away in Dada! The meaning of ** here does not refer to the concept of ** in the literary category, but just an ordinary word. When talking about China, "the origin of ** is often thought to be traced back to the ancient oral narration of the historians in the "Spring and Autumn Zuo Biography" and the "Historical Records".Lecture on history and literature".。There are many classical Chinese ** areBased on legends, based on folklore stories. The compilation of "The Biography of Lieyi" advocated by Emperor Wei Wendi is embodiedChina is beginning to recognize the value of legends。In this way, the transformation of speaking from a mere oral material to a speaking literature is the "birth of speaking literature" marked in this book. 9.The World of Chinese TobaccoFrom the unique perspective of "tobacco".It shows a facet of China's secular societyA glimpse into the life and spiritual world of the Chinese
"Chewing fire and cold energy, it seems to be hearty. Liangxiao people are lonely, and they talk with help. ”For Chinese, although tobacco is a "foreign product", it is deeply rooted in everyday life. Flue-cured tobacco, sun-dried tobacco, spice tobacco, its varieties are rich and varied; hookah, snuff, and mohem smoke, which are enjoyed in a variety of ways; Nanyang, North Korea, Russia, its spread is long and roundabout. 10."Tales of the History of Foot Binding".Investigate the social factors that led to the strange custom of foot bindingThe first attempt is from the perspective of the relationship between men and womenLet's examine the history of footbinding in China
This book attempts to explore the social factors that led to the emergence of this strange custom of foot binding, and consists of two parts: the first part mainly discusses the emergence and method of foot binding; The second part focuses on the history of the relationship between men and women as the social background of foot binding. 11."China's Crown Wedding and Funeral Sacrifice".
The overall understanding and description of the relationship between ancient people and humanity shows the history and culture of Chinese folk customs and customs.
This book mainly introduces the customs of Chinese folk crown weddings and funerals, which can be said to be born from the wisdom of life, and embody people's spirit and beliefs, which have human feelings, etiquette, and of course, also contain superstitious elements. However, as a kind of ritual comprehensive consideration, it can be said that the custom of crown wedding and funeral sacrifice is one of the national cultures, and has a great relationship with ancient traditions, culture and systems, especially the legends related to these customs are stories that praise the industrious masses and punish the wicked, which fully reflects the wishes of the people, so that people can feel the situation of the times while increasing their knowledge of customs; At the same time, it fully embodies people's spirit and beliefs, which is the proof of the wisdom of Chinese civilization and Chinese descendants, and is also an important cultural heritage.
Table of Contents
Acting in the middle of the year
The Chinese New Year's Eve bell of the Vesta God and the Hanshan Temple of Mixed Grain Noodles.
The City of the Moon. Festive Spring Festival couplets.
The origin of the peach charm.
Confucius and couplets.
Ask for an auspicious New Year.
Traditional games on the street.
The origin of the Spring Festival.
years".
The legend of the Chinese New Year's Eve vigil.
Grandma Stove and Chinese New Year's Eve.
Lantern Festival. A riddle born from anger.
The "Lantern Festival" on the fifteenth night
The legend of hanging lanterns.
The Spring Festival of ethnic minorities.
On the second day of February, the dragon raised its head.
Stir-fried beans save the dragon. On March 3, the Queen Mother celebrated her birthday.
The legend of the "March Meeting".
Tomb sweeping on Qingming Festival.
The origin of the willow insertion in the Qingming Festival.
April 8 Buddha Bathing Festival.
Dragon boat festival. Legend of the White Snake.
Zongzi and dragon boat racing.
The custom of entertaining married daughters.
Tanabata girl. The Cowherd and the Weaver Girl.
Seven fairies and weaver girls.
Obon. Mid-autumn festival.
The story of mooncakes.
Chung yeung festival. Eat dumplings on the winter solstice.
Laba porridge. Sacrifice to the god of the hearth.
Weddings & Funerals
A baby is born. The legend of the tiger head shoe.
Three media and six certificates. Traditional weddings.
The story of the hijab red.
Three days to return to the door. Ghost marriage.
Modern weddings. The legend of the ring.
Birthday. Dying.
The origin of burning paper for the dead.
Obituary. Greet the undead and send them off again.
A funeral procession that rivals the daimyo queue.
Rules of burial.
Modern funerals. Tablet funeral.
Postscript
"The World Carved in Stone".China on Stone——Passing the portrait stoneTravel back in time and experience the life and thoughts of ancient China
When looking at the portrait stones, it is natural for them to ask:Who's doing what? In order to answer this question, it is necessary to understand the gender of the character, the clothing that marks the character's identity, etcThe things you hold in your hand, the things you ride, and the purpose of the objects in the painting, etc.
(Cooking).A large number of limestone or sandstone slabs carved with portraits have been unearthed throughout China. Most of them belong chronologically to the park century, that is, the Eastern Han Dynasty. These stones with portraits engraved are called portrait stones.
The labor scene on the right side of the mortar in Figure 8 is a scene in which the mortar pounded grain is placed in a deep bamboo basket and poured out little by little, separating the grain from the chaff by the wind. The man on the left operates a large fan with blades on one side of the stick, and the lower end of the stick stands on the ground and shakes it from side to side to fan the wind. The hair of the laborers in the picture is said to be the custom of the indigenous people of Sichuan Province.