Cultivation techniques of Elena prune seedlings.
Elena prunes are a popular fruit variety in recent years, and their cultivation techniques are crucial for growers. This paper will introduce in detail the planting techniques of Elena prune from the aspects of garden site selection, seedling selection, planting technology, soil fertilizer and water management, plastic pruning, and flower and fruit management.
First, the choice of garden.
Choose flat terrain, deep soil layer, good aeration, high organic matter content, and pH value of 65-7.5 of the sandy loam land was used as a garden. The plot should be convenient for drainage and irrigation, which is conducive to reducing soil moisture and reducing the occurrence of diseases.
Second, seedling selection.
Choose seedlings that grow robustly, are free of pests and diseases, have intact root systems, and have well-healed grafted sites. The quality of seedlings directly affects the survival rate of planting, and also affects the development of various tasks in the future. The standard for strong seedlings is: the seedlings are about 50 cm high, the buds are full, the branches are thick, and the root system is developed.
3. Planting technology.
1.Planting time: After the soil thaws in spring, it is advisable to take late March to early April. At this time, the temperature rises and the soil moisture is moderate, which is conducive to the recovery and growth of the root system.
2.Planting density: According to the soil quality and fertility conditions of the garden, the planting density is reasonably determined. In general, the row spacing is 2 m 3 m or 2 m 4 m.
3.Digging and fertilizing: Determine the planting point on the planned row line, and dig the hole according to the determined plant row spacing. The size of the acupoint is generally 80 cm, 80 cm, 80 cm. When digging the hole, the topsoil and the subsoil are stacked separately, and the topsoil is filled into the bottom of the hole when backfilling, and then the well-decomposed organic fertilizer and the topsoil are mixed and evenly filled into the hole, and the subsoil is placed on it. Apply 20-30 kg of well-decomposed organic fertilizer to each hole.
4.Planting method: put the seedlings into the hole, stretch the root system, straighten the seedlings, fill in the soil, and gently lift the seedlings to make the roots in close contact with the soil. Then water steadily and build a mound around the soil to facilitate water retention.
4. Soil, fertilizer and water management.
1.Soil management: Cultivate and weed 2-3 times a year to keep the soil loose and free of weeds. In autumn, combined with the application of basal fertilizer, the depth is about 30 cm.
2.Fertilization management: fertilization is carried out in accordance with the principle of "basal fertilizer is the mainstay, and top dressing is supplemented". The base fertilizer is mainly decomposed organic fertilizer, and an appropriate amount of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer is added. Top dressing was mainly nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer, which was applied before germination, fruit expansion and after harvest.
3.Water management: Arrange watering according to soil moisture and weather conditions. Adequate moisture should be ensured during the germination stage, fruit expansion stage and before freezing**. In the rainy season, it is necessary to drain water in time to prevent flooding.
5. Shaping and pruning.
1.Shaping method: Natural heart shape or trunk shape is used for shaping. There are generally 3-4 main branches in the natural heart shape and 1-2 main branches in the trunk shape.
2.Pruning method: Pruning is divided into summer pruning and winter pruning. Summer pruning is carried out during the growing season, and the tree potential is mainly controlled by topping, bud wiping, and branch pulling. Winter pruning is carried out after leaf fall and before budding, mainly to prune diseased branches, weak branches, overlapping branches and overly dense branches, adjust the tree structure, and improve ventilation and light transmission conditions.
6. Flower and fruit management.
1.Flower and fruit preservation: Spray 02% potassium phosphate dibasic solution to increase fruit set. For trees with a large amount of flowers, flowers and fruits should be thinned to maintain a reasonable load.
2.Fruit management: After harvesting, the fruit should be washed, dried or dried in time for storage and transportation. At the same time, it is necessary to do a good job in insect prevention, rodent prevention, mildew prevention and other work.