Promoting the building of a community with a shared future for mankind is the overall goal of China's diplomacy in the new era, and exchanges and mutual learning among civilizations are the requirements for building a community with a shared future for mankind. The concept of exchanges and mutual learning among civilizations is not only a summary of the historical experience of Chinese civilization that has been inherited in the same vein after 5,000 years of historical changes, but also the inheritance and development of the fine diplomatic tradition of New China and the inheritance and development of the Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence. China is not only an advocate of the concept of exchanges and mutual learning among civilizations, but also a practitioner, which is reflected in all aspects of China's foreign exchanges. As of July 2023, China has established partnerships with 118 countries and international organizations around the world, covering all major countries, neighboring countries and developing countries. The concept of exchanges and mutual learning among civilizations has been fully embodied in expanding the global partnership of equality, openness and cooperation. For example, in China-Russia relations, China and Russia uphold the concept of friendship and win-win cooperation for generations, and adhere to the principles of non-alignment, non-confrontation and non-targeting of third countries. The two sides uphold the consensus of the "four mutual firm supports" reached by the two heads of state, that is, firmly support each other's efforts to safeguard their core interests such as sovereignty, security and territorial integrity, firmly support each other in pursuing a development path suited to their national conditions, firmly support each other's development and revitalization, and firmly support each other in handling its own affairs well. In terms of relations with the United States, China also upholds the spirit of non-conflict, non-confrontation, mutual respect and win-win cooperation to build a new model of major-country relations. Mutual respect means respecting each other's social systems and development paths, respecting each other's core interests and major concerns, and respecting each other's right to development. At the same time, the concept of inclusiveness and mutual learning is also included in the development of relations with other countries. ** In his speech during his visit to Tanzania, the President also stressed that "there is no one-size-fits-all development model in the world, and all parties should respect the diversity of world civilizations and development models." China will continue to firmly support African countries in exploring development paths suited to their national conditions. In the process of jointly building the Belt and Road, the Silk Road spirit of peace and cooperation, openness and inclusiveness, mutual learning and mutual benefit is the most important source of strength for the Belt and Road Initiative. The Belt and Road Initiative adheres to extensive consultation, joint contribution and shared benefits, transcends differences in civilizations, cultures, social systems and stages of development, opens up new paths for exchanges between countries, builds a new framework for international cooperation, brings together the greatest common divisor of common development of mankind, creates an atmosphere of equal and inclusive exchanges among civilizations, and builds a bridge for mutual learning among different civilizations. On the basis of extensive and joint efforts, we will enrich the content of global civilization exchanges and improve the forms of global civilization exchanges. In the field of people-to-people exchanges, deepening people-to-people exchanges and mutual learning is an important way to eliminate estrangement and misunderstanding and promote people-to-people understanding. China has worked with other countries to build numerous platforms for cooperation in the fields of education, culture, sports and health, and has opened up a wide range of channels for cooperation. Through various people-to-people exchanges and cooperation, conditions have been created for promoting exchanges and mutual learning among civilizations. At present, a large number of excellent foreign cultural products have entered China, and many excellent Chinese cultural products have entered the world, which is a manifestation of exchanges and mutual learning among civilizations, which is conducive to mutual understanding among the people of all countries. **The General Secretary pointed out that "today, when the future and destiny of all countries are closely linked, the inclusive coexistence and exchange and mutual learning of different civilizations play an irreplaceable role in promoting the modernization process of human society and prospering the garden of world civilizations." "This also gives us a new mission, to play a greater role in promoting exchanges and mutual learning between Chinese and foreign civilizations, promoting people-to-people bonds, and laying a solid academic foundation for promoting the building of a community with a shared future for mankind through academic research and exchange practice. The first is to strengthen exchanges and cooperation with relevant foreign academic institutions and scholars to jointly promote academic innovation. Academic research should not only pass on knowledge, but also enrich and develop existing knowledge. Strengthen exchanges and cooperation with foreign academic institutions, understand the research status of each other on related issues, know each other and know each other, facilitate targeted exchanges, avoid self-talk, find common academic topics and common academic excitement in equal academic exchanges, and form real academic dialogues. Promote the innovative development of both academia through high-level academic dialogues and exchanges. Through academic exchanges and research, the latest research results can be disseminated and promoted in a timely manner, so as to dispel the doubts and misunderstandings of the public. Second, the content of the exchange should be concrete, pragmatic and problem-oriented, and the exchange and discussion should be conducted on some specific issues that need to be clarified urgently, so as to enhance understanding through exchanges, clarify the problems academically, provide academic wisdom for the democratization of international relations and eliminate misunderstandings, and lay a solid academic foundation for promoting people-to-people bonds. At the same time, through specific and in-depth academic exchanges and cooperation, we can also train a group of experts in related fields and play the role of friendly envoys in foreign exchanges. In addition, cultural diplomacy should be carried out by making good use of historical memory. In people-to-people exchanges, it is necessary to make good use of historical resources, and find some themes from history that are easy for people to empathize with, so that it is easier to narrow the distance between the two sides, resonate, and win more people's understanding and support. In short, we should uphold an open and inclusive attitude in people-to-people exchanges, which is the vitality of civilization development. Under the premise of cultural subjectivity, people-to-people exchanges should learn from and draw on all the outstanding achievements of civilization in human society, and draw on excellent ideological and cultural resources from the "sum of human knowledge". This is the need to enhance the cohesion and appeal of advanced culture internally and enhance the communication power and influence of Chinese civilization externally. Only by integrating China and foreign countries, ancient and modern, can we better understand foreign ideas, better disseminate Chinese ideas, and truly achieve the international expression of Chinese ideas. 
The author of this article is Liu Xianzhong, a member of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference and a researcher at the Institute of Russian, East European and Central Asian Studies of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences.
Author: Liu Xianzhongxin**Editor: Hong Lin Review: Zhou Jiajia