In September 1948, Jinan was besieged. Chiang Kai-shek flew to Jinan on September 16 and originally planned to stay only two days, but after arriving, he changed his plan and extended it to seven days. During this period, Chiang Kai-shek constantly inspected command posts at all levels and important strongholds, convened officers to speak in batches, and invited local officials and gentry for discussions. In the last few days, the People's Liberation Army artillery fire had threatened the Xinzhuang Airport in Jinan, and Yu Jishi persuaded Chiang Kai-shek to return to Beijing as soon as possible, and sent a telegram to Soong Meiling to urge him to return. Song Meiling called the cloud: "The supreme commander, who is concerned about the safety of the country, and in order to balance the overall situation, I hope I will not stay for a long time." At this point, Chiang Kai-shek flew out of Jinan on the 21st. Three days later, on September 24, Jinan was liberated. This trip to Jinan made Chiang Kai-shek personally experience the siege strength of the People's Liberation Army (PLA) and felt that the military defeat was irretrievable and his own position was in jeopardy, so he began to make plans to go into the wilderness.
When he returned to Nanjing, Chiang Kai-shek immediately transferred a team of guards to Xikou to assist in local security; In November, an additional team of guards was sent to Xikou and sent a message to the Zhejiang Provincial Security Department, strictly ordering the "purge" of the armed forces under the leadership of the CCP in Siming Mountain within a time limit. Soon, Song Meiling set off for the United States, and before leaving, she instructed Yu Jishi in person: "When you leave Beijing in the future, the furniture of the official residence will not be moved as usual." It can be seen that Song Meiling had foreseen that Nanjing was no longer a place to stay for a long time.
Then, on January 12, 1949, Chiang Kai-shek ordered Chiang Ching-kuo to lead Yu Jishi and Shi Zude, director of the guard group, to Xikou secretly, deploy the guard communication network, set up a radio station, and make preparations for retreating behind the scenes to command. Now, almost all articles that talk about Chiang Kai-shek's behind-the-scenes command say that Chiang Kai-shek had seven radio stations in Xikou, but according to the archives of the Fenghua Telecommunications Bureau, there are only two, one in the town and one in the Myokodai villa on Xuedou Mountain. After the liberation of Fenghua, ** searched carefully, but did not find the third part, the talk of "seven parts", which is purely a false rumor.
Chiang Kai-shek "retired" on January 21, 1949, and the decision was rather hasty. Yu Jishi was not notified until 8 o'clock in the morning of the same day. He immediately dealt with three things urgently: first, he sent Liu Yuanlin, the deputy chief of the guard, to stay in Beijing to deal with the affairs of the guard room; The second is to order the personnel of the Military Affairs Bureau to escort important files to Shanghai first and then to Guangzhou to standby; The third is to order the guard brigade to continue to serve as the guard of the ** government in addition to the sixth team (the fourth and fifth teams have arrived at Xikou in advance), the brigade headquarters and other teams (that is.
The first, second and third teams) took a train to Hangzhou and changed to a car to rush to Xikou.
At 10 o'clock in the morning of January 21, Chiang Kai-shek went to the Kaige Hall (i.e., Meiling Palace) outside the Zhongshan Gate in Nanjing to pray silently, invited the president of the Fifth Academy to have dinner at noon, and invited the Standing Committee of the Kuomintang Central Committee to discuss at 2 o'clock in the afternoon, announced the "retirement", and showed a joint declaration with Li Zongren, vice president, and took off at the Ming Palace Airport at 4 o'clock in the afternoon, circled Nanjing, that is, flew to Hangzhou, and arrived at the Jianqiao Air Force School at nearly 6 o'clock. That night, Chiang Kai-shek stayed in the Tianjian North Building, and the attendants temporarily settled in the auditorium. At 10:30 a.m. on the 22nd, I left Hangzhou and arrived at Ningbo Lishe Airport, and returned to my hometown Fenghua Xikou by car.
On the day Chiang Kai-shek arrived at Xikou, he stayed in his mother's tomb "Ci'an". In order to adapt to the change in the situation, Yu Jishi, with the consent of Chiang, reorganized the entourage. There are three groups, the first group is responsible for military and telecommunications, and the team leader is Yang Xuefang, which has two units under its jurisdiction of military and telecommunications, respectively, with senior staff member Yu Haozhang and Zhang Tingzhen, deputy director of the government confidential office, as the head of the unit; The second group is responsible for guards, with the head of the guard Shi Zude as the team leader, and the guard unit, the police unit, the special police group, and the special service brigade (under the jurisdiction of 6 squadrons), the guard unit and the police unit are respectively headed by the deputy chief of the guard Yu Bindong and Zhong Minzhi, the leader of the special police team Zhang Yaoliang, and the captain of the special service team, Colonel Shi Puru; The third group is responsible for the economy and daily life, with Xia Gongquan, the military attache of the chamberlain, as the team leader, and the general affairs unit and the manager unit under its jurisdiction, with adjutant Lu Zhongwu and logistics commissioner Gao Mengnan as the head of the unit. The Internal Affairs Department of the official residence and the accompanying medical officers and photographers directly obeyed Yu Jishi's orders.
Chiang Kai-shek settled in Xikou, which replaced Nanjing and became the political center of the Kuomintang, and military and political dignitaries flocked to it. According to Chiang Ching-kuo's incomplete diary alone, there are:
On January 28, "the whole family reunited in the newspaper hall to spend the New Year, drink Tusu wine, and eat the New Year's dinner," "There were Zhang Qun, Chen Lifu, Zheng Yandi, and so on. ”
On January 29, "I met with Huang Shaogu and decided to move the party headquarters to Guangdong first, rectify the current situation, and then try to carry out fundamental reforms." ”
On January 31, "Mr. Lin Weiwen, Vice Minister of National Defense, came to Xikou from Nanjing. ”
On February 7, "General Li Mi came to the apartment, and his father invited him to dinner. Li reported on the breakthrough of Chen Guanzhuang and the situation along the way".
On February 7, "Yan Baichuan (Xishan) arrived at Xikou, and Zhang Daofan and Gu Zhenggang arrived at the same time. ”
On March 3, "Zhang Zhizhong visited Xikou. ”
On 19 March, "Tang Enbo went to Xikou and met with Wan Yaohuang to discuss the location and methods of the ** training institution. ”
On March 24, "Chen Cheng arrived at Xikou from Taiwan. ”
On April 10, "Commander-in-Chief Zhou Zhirou and Governor Hu Zongnan arrived in Fenghua. ”
On April 12, "Ju Juesheng (Zheng), Chen Qitian visited Xikou".
Chiang Kai-shek's behind-the-scenes command at Xikou is just a few examples. At the end of January 1949, Chiang Kai-shek summoned He Yingqin, Minister of Military Affairs, Gu Zhutong, Chief of the General Staff, Tang Enbo, Commander-in-Chief of the Beijing-Shanghai-Hangzhou Garrison, and other senior generals to Xikou to deploy the defense of the Yangtze River. In accordance with Chiang Kai-shek's will, it was decided to mobilize 115 divisions, 26 navy ships, 26 gunboats, and 280 air force planes to serve as the defense of the Yangtze River, which is more than 1,800 kilometers from Yichang to Shanghai. The west of Hukou is under the command of Bai Chongxi, with about 40 divisions of troops; East of Hukou was under the command of Tang Enbo, with a strength of about 75 divisions. Adhering to Chiang Kai-shek's instructions to "secure Shanghai and Hangzhou", Tang Enbo concentrated his heavy troops below Jiangyin and used Shanghai as a base to concentrate on defense. As for the upper and lower reaches of Nanjing, only a small number of troops were left to deal with it. Many people opposed this plan, but Towneberg carried out the "supreme directive" and no one could change it. According to Li Zongren's recollection, on February 16, 1949, Li invited Yan Xishan, Yu Youren, Ju Zheng, and Gu Zhutong, senior personnel who stayed in Beijing, to a banquet in the ** mansion. Gu's mobilization of every soldier and soldier was under Jiang's orders.
On March 8, 1949, Sun Ke's cabinet resigned, and Chiang Kai-shek estimated that Li Zongren might reorganize the new cabinet. In June 1916, Chiang Kai-shek went to Weixian County, Shandong Province to serve as chief of staff of the Northeast Army of the Chinese Revolutionary Army, and Ju was the commander of the army. Jiang didn't like his old boss to be the premier, so he asked Yan Xishan, who lived in Shanghai at the time, to come to Xikou to discuss the issue of forming a cabinet in Juzheng. After much consideration, the two came up with a "clever plan" and ordered Chen Lifu to guarantee with his head, do tricks on the ballot box, and promise not to let Juzheng form a cabinet. As a result, Ju Zhengguo was not selected, and He Yingqin succeeded Sun Ke as the premier on March 24. Yan Xishan was tight-lipped about this matter and did not say a word about this matter to his secretary until he arrived in Taiwan and revealed the details to his secretary Fu Chaoshu when he washed his feet after dinner.
After Chiang Kai-shek "retreated" from Xikou, he ostensibly agreed to "peace talks," but in fact arranged for war. On January 26, 1949, he sent a letter to the Kuomintang military, political, party affairs, and secret service leaders from Fenghua Xikou, ordering them to fight to the end. On the 29th, Gu Zhutong, chief of staff, adhered to Chiang's will and issued a secret order to the Kuomintang troops to swear to fight the People's Liberation Army to the end. On February 2, the Propaganda Department of the National People's Republic of China issued "special propaganda instructions" to all party departments and party newspapers to prepare for war. On April 20, the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress issued a statement rejecting the "domestic peace agreement", and the peace talks broke down. On the 22nd, Chiang Kai-shek rushed to Hangzhou from Xikou and summoned Li Zongren, He Yingqin, Bai Chongxi, Gu Zhutong, Zhang Qun, and Tang Enbo to discuss the "comprehensive battle plan for the final battle." At this time, Chiang Kai-shek had already begun to stand behind the scenes.
On April 23, Chiang Kai-shek returned to Xikou from Hangzhou. That night, Yu Jishi summoned Chiang Kai-shek's entourage and various supervisors to agree on a plan for evacuating Xikou. The final decision was made: First, the necessary personnel to accompany Jiang were determined, and the list was as follows: Zhou Hongtao and Cao Shengfen, secretaries of the entourage, Yu Haozhang, chief of the military unit, Zhang Tingzhen, chief of the telecommunications unit, Ding Qinfu, Chen Heng, Qiu Tongjie, chief of the telecommunications unit, Xia Gongquan, military attache and head of the corps, Wang Xinbiao, adjutant, Zhao Zhihua, clerk, Shi Zude, chief of the guard and head of the guard unit, Yu Bindong, chief of the guard unit, Zhou Guocheng, Ji Jungong, Yang Fengzao, Lu Dezhang, Yu Xichang, Xia Dingfeng, Xu Xihong, Zhang Jingyun, Jiang Zhiping, Zhang Zhibang, Wang Xuanfei, Gan Lingao, Cao Song, Chief of the Police Unit Zhong Minzhi, Police Officers Zhao Pinyu, Pan Hanmin, Wu Qinren, Li Fengchao, Liu Yongjian, Guards Zhang Maocai, Zhang Shunquan, Jiang Xiaojie, He Zhanbin, Zheng Yanshen, Yan Feixiong, Zhang Songnian, Cai Zhangcai, Yu Yongshou, Wang Huanbin, Hu Kelu, Qiu Bofang, Zhu Qinglai, Lou Shaotang, He Yuehua, Yu Zhongyuan, Guo Chengxiao, Attendant Medical Officer Xiong Maru, Photographer Hu Chongxian, Acting Chief of the Internal Affairs Section of the Official Residence Jiang Xiaozhen, etc. Second, other officers and men, their dependents, and their luggage were all embarked on the landing ship in Ningbo, and Yang Xuefang, a senior staff member, was appointed as the commander of the landing ship, and Shi Puru, the head of the special service brigade, was appointed as the deputy commander, and the dependents were strictly controlled by the responsible personnel designated by each unit. Clause.
3. Yu Jishi judged that Chiang Kai-shek might board the "Taikang" ship at Xiangshan Port and go to sea, so he sent Xu Yaoting, deputy captain of the special service brigade, to lead a reinforced district team to board the ship to escort him. At noon on the 24th, Chiang Kai-shek ordered: "Prepare the ships and leave Xikou tomorrow." It was announced that he would board the "Taikang" ** from Xiangshan Port.
April 25 was the last day Chiang Kai-shek left Xikou. In the morning, Jingguo accompanied the attendants to the tomb of his mother Wang Caiyu to say goodbye, and in the afternoon, he went to the Jiang clan ancestral hall to worship his ancestors, and then said goodbye to his close relatives, and then left Xikou by car. The "Taikang" ship stopped at Tuanqi Village, Xidian Township, Ninghai County. The village is located in the northeast corner of Ninghai, adjacent to Fenghua Yuqi Village, and bordering Xiangshan Port in the south. The anvil is the meaning of the small soil mountain, its place is surrounded by mountains on three sides in the east and west, because of the name, it is more than 40 kilometers away from the mouth of the stream. Due to the deep draft of the "Taikang" ship, Chiang Kai-shek and his entourage first boarded the motorboat on a bamboo raft from the shore, and then shuttled to the ** by the motorboat. Chiang Kai-shek boarded the bamboo raft, flipped through the map, and inquired about the names of places from time to time. He pointed to Qifeng Village in the northeast and asked, "Is this the head of the Changhe?" The prop pai person replied: "It's not the head of the Changhe, it's Qifeng Village." He asked again: "Is it the same Qifeng of Tongzhao Qifeng?" Answer: "Yes." Chiang Kai-shek pointed to another place and asked, "What is this place?" The man who supported the row replied, "This is the Gajueke, the local name is the magpie's nest." Chiang Kai-shek felt that the place name was auspicious and nodded happily. After Chiang Kai-shek got off the bamboo raft and got on the motorboat, he stuck his head out of the cabin to take care of the guards: "Help Mr. Yu!" At this time, it was discovered that Yu Ji was suffering from a foot disease and had a slight inconvenience in walking. On the board, Chiang Ching-kuo asked: "Where are you going?" Chiang Kai-shek said, "Go straight to Shanghai."
On the morning of 26 April, the "Taikang" sailed into Wusongkou and landed on Fuxing Island at noon. Later, because Fuxing Island was far away from downtown Shanghai, it was inconvenient for military and political personnel stationed in the city to ask for instructions, so they were stationed in the Inspirational Society on Father Jin Road in the city on the 27th. Chiang Kai-shek stayed in downtown Shanghai for 10 days, convened local people in batches to discuss matters related to the defense of Shanghai, and also convened the students of the Whampoa Military Academy to give lectures and ask them to hold Shanghai. According to Yu Jishi, during this period, Jiang "worked hard from morning to night, and Xun did not have a moment to rest." On the morning of May 7, Chiang Kai-shek boarded the Jiang Jing ship, set off from Fuxing Island, and sailed out of Shanghai. Entering Zhoushan, constantly cruising the islands of all sizes, occasionally landing to visit or visit places of interest, drifting at sea for 20 days, on May 26, from Dinghai Airport to Taiwan Gangshan Airport, take a car to Kaohsiung, stay in Shoushan.
As early as September 24, 1948, after the liberation of Jinan, Chiang Kai-shek began to make preparations for moving to Taiwan. According to Yu Jishi's recollection: "On September 24 of this year (1948), Jinan fell, and the war situation took a sharp turn for the worse. In addition, the confidential room files are divided into two categories: when necessary, they must be sent to Taiwan first and the entourage** office, and they must be carried with them, and they are packed separately. Sending the archives to Taiwan was, of course, not a personal decision of Yu Jishi, but a major decision taken by Chiang Kai-shek. In October, Changchun and Jinzhou were liberated; In November, the first phase of the Huaihai Campaign ended, Chiang Kai-shek's elite unit Huang Baitao's corps was annihilated, and the situation became even more unfavorable to Chiang, so the operation to transfer the archives began. **Zhang Tingzhen, deputy director of the Confidential Office of the Government, sent the first batch of important warrant files and confidential documents to Wang Shouzhi, a staff member, to Taiwan on a special plane of the Air Force and sent them to the Daxi Archives for safekeeping. In December, the first batch of important archives of the Military Affairs Bureau was transported to Taiwan by Yang Xuefang on a special plane of the Air Force. In early January 1949, another batch of archives of the Military Affairs Bureau and the second batch of archives of the Confidential Office were transported to Taiwan by sea boats.
Then, the personnel arrangements for the relocation of Taiwan were deployed. On January 1, 1949, Chen Cheng was appointed chairman of Taiwan Province. On 18 January, Tang Enbo was appointed commander-in-chief of the Beijing-Shanghai-Hangzhou garrison, Zhu Shaoliang was appointed director of the Fuzhou Pacification Office, Zhang Qun was appointed director of the Chongqing Pacification Office, Song Ziwen was appointed chairman of Guangdong Province, Yu Hanmou was appointed director of the Guangzhou Pacification Office, Chen Cheng, chairman of Taiwan Province, was concurrently appointed commander-in-chief of the Taiwan garrison, and Peng Mengzhi was appointed deputy commander-in-chief. On the day he left Beijing and flew to Hangzhou, it was announced that Chiang Ching-kuo was chairman of the Taiwan Provincial Party Department. At that time, the southeastern and southwestern half of the country under the control of the Kuomintang was completely controlled by its cronies, forming a posture of defending Taiwan.
Then the money was shipped to Taiwan. On January 10, 1949, Chiang Ching-kuo was sent to Shanghai to transport all the silver dollars and US dollar bills stored in the treasury to Taiwan, including 3.9 million ounces, 70 million US dollars, and 70 million US dollars, totaling about 500 million US dollars according to the overseas ratio. On 21 January, he ordered the withdrawal of all US dollars of 10 million yuan from the Bank of China and remitted it to Mao Bangchu, director of the Air Force Purchasing Committee in the United States at that time, and instructed Mao to withdraw all the money and the balance of the purchase materials from the Bank of China in New York and deposit it in Mao's private name in the Bank of America in case of future needs. After Li Zongren came to power, due to the emptiness of the state treasury and financial difficulties, he ordered the Ministry of Finance of the Executive Yuan to transport back a part of the funds for transporting funds to Taiwan for backup, and later sent Zhu Jiahua, vice president of the Executive Yuan, to Taiwan twice to negotiate the matter, but Chen Cheng rejected both of them.
Chiang Kai-shek went to Taiwan from Zhoushan on May 26, 1949, and finally left the mainland from Chengdu to Taiwan on December 10, 1949. At 8 a.m. on July 14, Chiang Kai-shek flew from Tainan to Guangzhou. On the morning of the 16th, he attended the regular meeting of the Central Committee of the Kuomintang, and in the afternoon he attended the first meeting of the Extraordinary Committee. At half past eight o'clock on the morning of the 21st, he sailed from Huangpu on the Hualian ship, arrived at Gulangyu Island in Xiamen at noon on the 22nd and landed on Gulangyu Island, and immediately summoned Zhu Shaoliang and Tang Enbo, chairman of Fujian Province. On the 23rd, a meeting of senior generals above the division commander level of the various armies in southern Fujian was convened to give instructions on operational matters. At 10 a.m. on the 26th, he flew back to Taipei from Xiamen. The trip lasted 12 days. At 10 a.m. on 9 August, Chiang Kai-shek traveled from Taiwan to Fuzhou, summoned Zhu Shaoliang at the Fuzhou Air Force Supply Depot, summoned army regiment commanders and officers at and above the rank of Navy Chief at 4 p.m., and flew back to Taipei at 6 p.m. to make a round trip on the same day.
On August 23, Chiang Kai-shek traveled from Taiwan to Guangzhou and stationed at Dongshan Villa. At 12:30 noon on the 24th, he flew from Guangzhou to Chongqing and stayed at the official residence of Linyuan. At 10:30 a.m. on September 12, he flew from Chongqing to Chengdu and was stationed at the Army Military Academy. At noon on the 17th, he flew back to Chongqing from Chengdu and stationed at the Huangshan residence. On the 22nd, he flew from Chongqing to Kunming, arrived at 10 a.m., and left Kunming at 4 p.m. to fly to Guangzhou. At 7:30 a.m. on October 3, he flew from Guangzhou to Taipei and arrived at 10 a.m. The trip took 40 days round trip. At 10 a.m. on 6 October, Chiang Kai-shek boarded the China Union from Keelung, sailed to Xiamen at 3 p.m., arrived at 10 a.m. on the 7th, and landed at 4 p.m. to give a lecture to the officers above the regiment commander level at the headquarters of Tang Enbo, and then met with the local gentry, and returned to the China Union at 8 p.m. At 9 a.m. on the 8th, he arrived in Magong by Hualian ship, boarded a plane at Magong Airport to fly to Taipei City at 10 a.m., and arrived at Songshan Airport at 11 a.m. At 3 p.m. on October 12, Chiang Kai-shek flew to Dinghai and flew back to Taipei on the 14th.
At 11 a.m. on November 14, Chiang Kai-shek boarded the plane in Taipei and arrived in Chongqing at 4 p.m. At about 23 o'clock in the evening of November 29th, I went to Baishiyi Airport, boarded the Zhongmei special plane to rest, took off at 5 o'clock in the morning the next day, landed at Xinjin Airport halfway, rested in the Inspirational Club, and had breakfast, continued to fly to Chengdu Phoenix Mountain Airport, and stayed at the Army Military Academy after arrival. On December 9, Liu Wenhui and Deng Xihou telegraphed the uprising, followed by the Luhan Uprising in Yunnan, and telegraphed Liu Wenhui and the Sichuan generals to detain Chiang Kai-shek. Under this critical situation, Chiang Kai-shek took a car to Fenghuangshan Airport at about 2 p.m. on the 10th, boarded the plane and returned to Taiwan, and arrived in Taipei at 6 p.m., leaving the mainland forever. Yu Jishi recalled the degree of danger at that time and said: "Jiang Gong's trip to Chengdu was in the tiger's den, and the danger was ...... worse than that of the Xi'an incidentOn February 28, 1950, the Standing Committee of the Central Committee of the Kuomintang announced that Chiang Kai-shek would be reinstated on March 1, with the "consent" of Chiang Kai-shek. On March 1, Chiang Kai-shek officially resumed his "first post". At this point, his third descent into the field was declared over.