France
In France, there are two units called the Marine Corps; One is the French Marine Spearmen under the jurisdiction of the French Navy to defend the naval ports of the French mainland; The other is a remnant of the colonial era, led by the French Army. Since 1958, the Marine Corps has belonged to the Army, except for titles; Since the unit was formed mainly for the purpose of colony-related governance, the unit was mainly dedicated to overseas dispatch.
More often than other French soldiers, French marines served longer overseas, especially in Africa. The members of the Marine Corps include infantry (including light tank and air units) and artillery. Founded in 1622, the French Marine Corps is a land force belonging to the navy and is known for its military operations in French Canada. The French Marines were transferred to the Army in 1900 and became part of the French Colonial Army. The nickname "La Coloniale" or "La Colo" refers to this unit.
At its height in the 1940s, the French Colonial Army consisted of nine divisions and several small brigades operating machine-gun strongholds on the Maginot Line.
With the loss of France's overseas colonies, on December 1, 1958, the name of the French Colonial Army was changed back to the original French Marine Corps, and it became the main component of the French Intervention Team.
The Royal Marines are the light infantry of the British Royal Navy, and are also British amphibious or land, sea and air combat units, and experts in snow or mountain warfare. As the backbone of Britain's rapid response force, the Royal Marines are an all-weather, independent assault force.
The predecessor of the British Royal Marines was a naval infantry unit, which was established on 28 October 1664, only later than Spain, Portugal and France, and operated as the Royal Marines on 26 April 1755.
The Royal Marines and the Royal Navy are formed as a British naval service.
The Royal Dutch Marines were founded on December 10, 1665 in the Second Anglo-Dutch War by the civil leaders of the Dutch Republic, John DeWitt, and Admiral Mihildewright. The commander of the unit was William Joseph Fante. The Netherlands generally put their ordinary soldiers into battle on ships during the First Anglo-Dutch War. It was the fifth European marine, preceded by the Spanish Fleet Infantry (1537), the Portuguese Marines (1610), the French Marines (1622), and the British Royal Marines (1664). Just like the British, the Netherlands disbanded the Marines several times. In 1810-1813 when the Netherlands was occupied by the Napoleonic dynasty of France. On March 20, 1801, a new Marine Corps was proposed, and on August 14, 1806, King Louis Bonaparte (brother of Napoleon) of the Republic of Batavia (i.e. the Netherlands) decided to create a Marine Corps. The Marine Corps began in 1814 and received its current name in 1817.
The Russian Navy Infantry is an amphibious combat unit of the Russian Federation Army. Its nature is equivalent to that of the "Marine Corps" in the military forces of other countries, but it is somewhat different from the Marine Corps of other countries that usually only carry out amphibious landing combat missions.
In addition, the Ukrainian Navy and the Georgian Navy, which are located on the same Black Sea coast, also have small-scale naval infantry, which are also inherited from the former Soviet Navy.
United States
The U.S. Marine Corps is directly subordinate to the Department of the Navy (the Secretary is a civilian secretary) under the U.S. Department of Defense, and the Navy is a parallel unit of the same rank. The Marine Corps is provided by the Navy with transport and ships, but has independent combat capability and its own flight unit. The Commander of the Marine Corps is also directly accountable only to the Secretary of the Navy (who is a civilian). In addition to amphibious assaults, U.S. Marines have traditional responsibilities such as protecting embassies and consulates abroad, standing guard for the White House, and providing internal security for major ships.
The predecessor of the U.S. Marine Corps was called the Continental Marine Corps, which was established on November 10, 1775, and the current U.S. Marine Corps was established in 1798; Today, the size of the U.S. Marine Corps includes three types of vehicles, such as vertical take-off and landing aircraft, amphibious assault ships, mechanized infantry, hovercraft and other vehicles suitable for different missions.
Argentina
The Argentine Navy Infantry Commando is under the jurisdiction of the Argentine Navy, and the command directly governs 1 infantry battalion and artillery, vehicles, engineers, communications, logistics, air defense and other units, and the Southern Marine Corps has 2 infantry battalions and 1 special forces (amphibious commando infantry battalion, and some infantry companies, and the 5th Infantry Battalion of the Navy and Land participated in the Falkland War.
Taiwan, China
Founded in 1914, the Taiwan Marine Corps is an amphibious armed force under the Taiwan Navy of China, which is responsible for amphibious operations, anti-landing operations, island seizure operations, garrisoning Taiwan and outer islands, and defending military facilities. In addition, there is a special service team of the Marine Corps dedicated to anti-hijacking and anti-terrorism tasks in southern Taiwan, and the members of the team are all volunteer officers and non-commissioned officers selected from within.
Germany
Germany did not have a professional Marine Corps in World War II, but under the impetus of Karl Dönitz, it formed a German frogman commando team based on special operations; After the war, the unit was reorganized in 1958 with the accession of West Germany to NATO. After the Cold War, in 1997, Germany established a naval special operations force that integrates maritime tasks such as special operations, underwater ammunition disposal, maritime rescue, and maritime merchant ship escort, with a force size of about one battalion. In 2014, Germany consolidated several amphibious units into a naval protection group.
Japan
The Japanese Navy used to have a Marine Corps as a major defense port, but it was disbanded after the defeat of the war. He participated in the Battle of Jemulpo (Battle of Incheon), Russo-Japanese War, Battle of Arthur, 128 Incident, Battle of Songhu, Battle of Manila, Battle of Iwo Jima, and Battle of Okinawa. In addition, after the war, the Japanese Self-Defense Forces did not first establish a Marine Corps, and only a few units, such as the Ground Self-Defense Force's Western General Branch Company (Saipu Company), specialized in amphibious operations and garrisoning remote islands. In 2013, after the Self-Defense Forces announced the National Defense Plan Outline for FY25, the Self-Defense Forces finalized the establishment of the "Amphibious Mobile Regiment" as an amphibious force with the characteristics of the Marine Corps.