The design and maintenance of fire sprinkler systems is essential to ensure that they operate effectively in the event of a fire. The pressure of the sprinkler system is one of the key factors in ensuring its effectiveness. This article will dive into the range of pressure standards for fire sprinkler systems, including their importance, measurement methods, standard ranges, and their impact on system performance.
Fire sprinkler. 
The importance of fire sprinkler systems
Fire sprinkler system is a passive fire protection method, which can be automatically started when the fire breaks out automatically, and the fire is controlled or even extinguished by spraying water, which is an important facility to protect the safety of personnel and reduce fire losses. Its effective operation is directly related to the timeliness and efficiency of fire response, so its design, installation and maintenance must meet strict standards.
The importance of pressure in the fire sprinkler system
The pressure of the sprinkler system is critical to ensure that the water can effectively cover the desired area. If the pressure is too low, the water cannot reach the nozzle at a distance, which will affect the fire extinguishing effect; If the pressure is too high, it can cause damage to the pipe or sprinkler head, which can also affect system performance. Therefore, maintaining the sprinkler system within the right pressure range is key to ensuring its effectiveness.
The basic type of fire sprinkler system
According to its working principle, the fire sprinkler system can be mainly divided into four types: wet, dry, pre-action and compound
Wet system: The pipes in this system are always filled with water pressure and spray water immediately when the sprinklers sense a fire.
Dry system: The pipe is filled with compressed air or nitrogen, and only after the sprinkler induces a fire, the control valve opens, and the water flows into the pipe and sprays out.
Pre-acting system: Combines the characteristics of wet and dry systems that require two actions (smoke detector sensing and sprinkler action) to occur simultaneously before water is released.
Composite systemThis is a customized system that can be customized according to the actual needs and combines the characteristics of the above systems.
Pressure measurement of fire sprinkler systems
The pressure of the sprinkler system is usually measured at the inlet of the system's water supply and at critical locations to ensure that the pressure is uniform and appropriate throughout the system. Data can be accurately acquired using specialized pressure measurement equipment, such as pressure gauges or digital sensors. Regular measurement and recording of pressure values is essential to maintain the stable operation of the system.
The pressure standard range of the fire sprinkler system
1. The normal pressure in the pipe network of the fire sprinkler system should be kept at about 4-8MPa pressure, and the pressure at the most unfavorable point in the pipe network should be kept at 005-0.The pressure is about 1MPa, and the working temperature of the fire sprinkler head is generally 68 degrees, and the maximum can reach 358 degrees. The maximum water pressure of the fire sprinkler head is more than 10MPa, which is judged according to the on-site construction technology and sprinkler quality.
2. The spray acceptance specification GB50261-2005 stipulates that when the system design working pressure is equal to or less than 1When 0MPa, the hydraulic strength test pressure should be 1 of the design working pressure5 times and should not be less than 14mpa；When the system is designed to work at a pressure greater than 1When 0MPa, the hydraulic strength test pressure should be 0 plus the working pressure4mpa。
3. The dynamic pressure of the fire hydrant mouth of high-rise buildings, workshops, warehouses and civil buildings with an indoor clearance height of more than 8m should not be less than 035MPa, and the fire waterproof gun should be calculated as 13m; The dynamic pressure of the fire hydrant mouth in other places should not be less than 025MPa, and the water column of the fire water gun should be calculated as 10m.
4. Automatic water fire extinguishing systems such as automatic sprinkler fire extinguishing systems should be determined according to the pressure of the sprinkler head fire extinguishing demand, but the minimum should not be less than 010mpa。
Factors that affect the pressure of the sprinkler system
A variety of factors can affect the pressure of a sprinkler system, including water supply pressure, pipe length and diameter, pump performance, sprinkler head type, and more. These factors must be taken into account when properly designed to ensure that the system can be maintained within the standard pressure range under different conditions.
Maintain and regulate sprinkler system pressure
In order to ensure that the pressure of the sprinkler system is kept within the standard range, regular maintenance and inspection are essential. This includes checking the performance of components such as pumps, valves, pressure gauges, and pipes, as well as cleaning and repairing them if necessary. If you find that the pressure is not within the standard range, you may need to adjust the pump settings or replace some of the hardware to restore normal pressure levels.
Installation requirements for fire sprinkler systems
1. Design standards and specifications.
Before installation, it is first necessary to ensure that the design scheme complies with national and local fire codes and standards, such as China's Code for Fire Protection Design of Buildings (GB50016-2014). The design should take into account the use, structure, fire risk level and other factors of the building, and select the appropriate system type.
2. Selection of pipes and fittings.
Pipes should be made of high-temperature and corrosion-resistant materials, such as galvanized steel pipes, stainless steel pipes, etc.
Sprinkler selection should be based on its response time and spray range to ensure that coverage and sensitivity meet the needs.
3. System layout and installation.
The piping arrangement should follow the principle of the shortest and most direct to reduce the resistance of the water flow.
The installation height of the sprinkler head should be determined according to the function and height of the building space to ensure that the water spray can effectively cover the protected area.
For special places (such as computer rooms, libraries, etc.), the installation of a pre-action system or the use of non-conductive fire extinguishing agents should be considered.
Sufficient exhaust valves should be set up in the system to remove air from the pipes and ensure a smooth flow of water.
4. Water source and water pump.
It is necessary to ensure that the water supply of the system is sufficient, usually through a combination of municipal water supply and fire water tanks.
The pump should be selected and installed to meet the pressure and flow requirements at the most unfavorable points of the system.
5. System testing and maintenance.
Once the installation is complete, a system pressure test and flow test must be performed to ensure that each sprinkler head is working properly.
The system is regularly inspected and maintained, especially the sprinklers and valves, to ensure that it can respond quickly in the event of an emergency.
The pressure of the fire sprinkler system is one of the key factors in ensuring its effective operation. By following national standards, you can be sure that the sprinkler system is properly designed and maintained, which in turn ensures that it will function as it should in the event of a fire. Maintaining system pressure within standard limits requires professional design, regular maintenance, and timely adjustments, which are fundamental to ensuring the safety of personnel and the protection of property. By understanding and applying these principles, we can effectively utilize the critical role of fire sprinkler systems in fire prevention and response.