1. China and the United States are at loggerheads.
Since the founding of the People's Republic of China, Sino-US relations have experienced ups and downs.
In 1950, the War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea broke out, and the two sides fought fiercely on the Korean battlefield. The battle was evenly matched, and both sides were exhausted and unsustainable, and finally Panmunjom ceased fighting.
After that, China suffered a long-term blockade from the Western capitalist forces, led by the United States, and had no choice but to turn to the Soviet Union. In the mid-60s of the last century, the United States invaded Vietnam, and at the request of Vietnam, China began to resist the United States and aid Vietnam. From 1965 to 1973, China invested a total of 320,000 troops in Vietnam, with more than $10 billion in supplies, exceeding its aid to North Korea. China and Vietnam fought side by side, allowing the United States to return home on the battlefield in Vietnam, and China and Vietnam formed a blood alliance. The War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Vietnam has also added new hatred to the old hatred between China and the United States. 2. The turning point in Sino-Soviet relationsSino-Soviet relations stemmed from the Sino-Soviet relations, and in 1969, China and the Soviet Union fought on Zhenbao Island. The Soviet Union planned a surgical nuclear strike on China. At this critical moment, the United States sided with China, made public the Soviet Union's nuclear strike plan on the first page, and claimed that the Soviet Union's use of nuclear missiles to attack China was the beginning of World War III. ** Acutely aware that the Soviet Union has replaced the United States as China's number one enemy. In the course of the Cold War between the United States and the Soviet Union, the United States was at a disadvantage and urgently needed to improve relations with China in order to contain the Soviet Union. Through table tennis diplomacy, the small ball leverages the big ball. The successive visits of Kissinger and Nixon to China marked the beginning of the ice-breaking in Sino-US relations. But Nixon was overshadowed by the Watergate scandal. China also came to power because of domestic political movements. The process of normalizing relations between China and the United States has been put on hold. 3. The establishment of diplomatic relations between China and the United States In 1977, he returned as vice premier and presided over foreign affairs. The baton of the establishment of diplomatic relations between China and the United States has been passed to ***. **'s diplomatic strategy is in the same vein as ***, and they all regard the Soviet Union as a big problem. At this time, China is facing a more complex international environment. As mentioned earlier, because of the aid to Vietnam to resist France and the war to resist US aggression and aid to Vietnam, an iron-blooded friendship has been condensed. However, with the improvement of Sino-US relations, China and Vietnam turned against each other, and Vietnam turned to the arms of the Soviet Union and acted as a pawn of the Soviet Union to contain China. Vietnam leased Cam Ranh Bay and Da Nang to the Soviet Union, and the Soviet Union would cruise in the Indian Ocean and the South China Sea, while stationing millions of troops on the northern border, and China was encircled by the Soviet-Vietnamese alliance and could not breathe. The Soviet Union also deployed missile bases in Vietnam, aimed at China. ** Accusing Vietnam of being the Cuba of the East. At that time, China's national strength was far inferior to that of the Soviet Union, and it was difficult to contain the expansion of the Soviet Union and Vietnam on its own, so it had to find allies. **As soon as he returned, he visited neighboring countries such as Myanmar, Nepal, and North Korea non-stop to strengthen border security. This was followed by visits to Thailand, Malaysia, and Singapore to find allies in Southeast Asia. In Singapore, Lee Kuan Yew told him that Southeast Asian countries were more afraid of China than Vietnam. This came as a surprise to ***. In order to gain the support of these countries, it was decided to gradually stop exporting revolutions to Southeast Asia. Subsequently, the focus of work was on the establishment of diplomatic relations between China and the United States. Although both sides had the need to join forces against the Soviet Union, the Taiwan issue became the biggest obstacle to the establishment of diplomatic relations between the two sides. The United States generally sympathizes with Taiwan and believes that the United States is responsible for Taiwan's future. At the same time, Taiwan has long formed a powerful lobby group in Congress in an attempt to sabotage peace talks between China and the United States. Therefore, the negotiations between the two sides have been carried out in secret, and the United States ** Carter, concealed from Congress and *** sent a representative of the White House, the United States *** adviser, and Brzezinski to lead the negotiations. Born in Warsaw, Poland, Brzezinski grew up witnessing the Soviet-German partition of Poland and was known for his extreme hatred of the Soviet Union. Such a person is the most ideal negotiation partner. After several rounds of intense talks, the two sides finally reached a compromise on the Taiwan issue. The United States abrogated the treaty, severed diplomatic relations, and withdrew its troops from Taiwan, but retained non-governmental and commercial exchanges. The United States is unwilling to make concessions on the issue of arms sales to Taiwan, and only promises to gradually reduce arms sales to Taiwan, does not provide the latest type of arms sales, and only focuses on defense. As long as the United States does not stop arms sales to Taiwan, Chiang Ching-kuo will have the illusion of resisting reunification by force. In the end, *** still gave in on the issue of arms sales. At that time, Vietnam had already occupied Burma, and at the same time, there were signs that an invasion of Cambodia was imminent. The Chinese side will inevitably respond to Vietnam's invasion of Cambodia and has decided to use force against Vietnam. Before that, it is necessary to complete negotiations on the establishment of diplomatic relations between China and the United States in order to use the power of the United States to contain the Soviet Union. Therefore, in addition to stating that Taiwan is part of China, the most important thing in the Sino-US communiqué on the establishment of diplomatic relations is to include an anti-hegemony clause, which directly refers to the Soviet Union. On the other hand, the last moment of the negotiations was in December 1978, when the CCP held a working meeting. The meeting, which lasted from November 10 to December 15, 1978, was a preparatory meeting for the Third Plenary Session of the 11th CPC Central Committee. Originally, it was just a discussion of economic work, but on the way to the meeting, the topic of the meeting suddenly turned to criticize the "leftist" ideology and the "two whatevers." Therefore, *** decided to deliver a speech at the closing ceremony, that is, the famous "Emancipate the Mind, Seek Truth from Facts, and Look Forward in Unity", which is considered to be the beginning of China's reform and opening up. In delivering this epoch-making speech, if key progress can be made in the negotiations on the establishment of diplomatic relations between China and the United States, it will make *** more confident. At 10 a.m. Beijing time on December 16, China and the United States issued a joint communiqué and decided to formally establish diplomatic relations on January 1, 1979. Before the communiqué on the establishment of diplomatic relations was issued, Carter called Chiang Ching-kuo in the middle of the night to tell him the news of the establishment of diplomatic relations between China and the United States. Shortly after the formal establishment of diplomatic relations between China and the United States, on January 28, 1979, he visited the United States, and at this moment he has become China's number one leader. The important task of this trip was that it had been decided to teach Vietnam, which was bent on invading Cambodia in spite of Chinese warnings, that it was necessary to cooperate with the United States against the Soviet Union in order to prevent a possible Soviet attack on China. It's a pity that Carter didn't realize the great strategic value of China's attack on Vietnam to contain Soviet expansion, and instead advised *** not to do so. As a result, Carter was quickly overwhelmed by the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan, and after only one term, he was disgraced**, and was rated the most incompetent for his weakness with the Soviet Union**. Carter's successor, Reagan, cooperated with *** tacitly and continued to bleed the Soviet Union in Afghanistan and Vietnam, respectively, and finally the Soviet Union was exhausted and collapsed. China and the United States came together because of the confrontation with the Soviet Union, and the United States played an important role in helping China's economic development. With the disintegration of the Soviet Union and the improvement of China's comprehensive national strength, Sino-US friendly relations have also come to an end, and China has begun to replace the Soviet Union and Russia as the number one enemy of the United States. I don't know who will covet the role of China at the beginning.