There is an abundance of information about "Yan'an", and only as provided here".The Holy Land of the Revolution".
Yan'an, together with Jinggangshan, Ruijin, Zunyi and Xibaipo, is known as the five holy places of China's revolution.
On October 19, 1935, the Red Army of the North to resist Japan arrived at Wuqi Town (now Wuqi County) in northern Shaanxi after a 25,000-mile Long March. At the beginning of November, the **Red Army joined forces with the Red Army operating in the Shaanxi and Gansu regions and ended the Long March in advance. In October 1936, the three main forces of the Red Army joined forces, and the Long March ended victoriously. On January 13, 1937, the CCP's ** organ moved from security to Yan'an. On March 18, 1947, the CCP evacuated Yan'an, moved to northern Shaanxi for one year and five days, and crossed the Yellow River on March 23, 1948.
From January 13, 1937 to March 18, 1947, Yan'an became the seat of the Communist Party of China, becoming the center of the Chinese revolution. This period is known as the "Yan'an Period".
In Yan'an, the Communist Party of China led the military and people in the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningbo Border Region to launch a large-scale production campaign of arduous struggle, self-reliance, and abundant food and clothing, consolidated and developed the revolutionary base areas in northern Shaanxi, smashed the Kuomintang's economic blockade and military encirclement and suppression, and commanded the nationwide War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression and the War of Liberation, thus laying a solid foundation for the victory of China's new democratic revolution.
Yan'an "saint" is in the spirit and style of Yan'an. This is to seek truth from facts, adhere to the truth, and correct mistakes; It is the mass line and serves the people wholeheartedly; democratic centralism, criticism and self-criticism; It is self-reliance, hard work, etc. This spirit and style of work have become the crystallization of the revolutionary tradition and fine style of the Communist Party of China and have become the heirloom of revolution, construction, and reform.
During the Yan'an period, various cadre colleges were established, including 15 cadre colleges, including the Chinese Anti-Japanese Military and Political University, Northern Shaanxi Public School, Administrative College, Nationalities College, Yan'an University, Academy of Natural Sciences, Marxist-Leninist College, China Medical University, Japanese Workers and Peasants School (a specialized school for educating Japanese prisoners and defectors), and Yan'an Foreign Language and New Writing Cadre School. These "cave universities" have cultivated and reserved all kinds of elites and talents for the Chinese revolution and the socialist revolution and socialist construction of New China. Therefore, Yan'an is praised as the "red cradle of the Chinese revolution".
From November 1938 to March 1947, the CCP was stationed in the north of Yan'an City5 km of Yangjialing. This is the ancestral hall of Yang Zhaozu, the secretary of the Ministry of Industry of the Ming Dynasty, and the ancestors of the Yang family are buried here, named Yang Family Mausoleum. After the first station of the Communist Party of China, it was renamed Yangjialing in 1939. It has successively built the first auditorium, the first office building, 14 stone caves, 19 interface stone caves, more than 100 tile houses, and more than 100 holes in the mountainside.
The institutions set up in Yangjialing include: **General Office, Organization Department, Propaganda Department, ** Department, Rural Work Department, Political Research Office, Financial and Economic Committee, Rural Work Committee, Youth Work Committee, Women's Work Committee, etc. From a high vantage point, the office looks a lot like an airplane, so people often call it the "airplane building". *etc.** leaders also reside in Yangjialing.
**Lived in Yangjialing from November 1938 to early 1943, and there was a 3-hole interface stone kiln in the courtyard as an office and dormitory. ** He wrote many works in Yangjialing, including 40 articles included in the "Selected Works", including "May Fourth Movement", "The Direction of the Youth Movement", "On New Democracy", and "Economic and Financial Problems in the Anti-Japanese Period". **Do it yourself, have enough food and clothing", it was written in Yang Jialing's room.
On the afternoon of August 16, 1946, under a tree in front of the 14-hole stone cave in Yangjialing, he met with American journalist Anna Louis Strong. Faced with the situation in which the United States supported the Kuomintang Chiang Kai-shek in the civil war, ** pointed out in the conversation that 'imperialism and all reactionaries are paper tigers. ”
Construction began in 1939 and was completed in 1942 at the foot of the mountain on the south side of Yangjialing. In November 1943, he met and entertained all the delegates attending the First Congress of Labor Heroes of the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningbo Border Region in the auditorium, and made an important speech of "Organizing" to the delegates.
In November 1944, ** met with all the cadres of the 359th Brigade of the Eighth Route Army to the south here, and educated everyone to learn two skills: one is the ability of the pine tree, the pine tree is principled, and it is tall wherever it grows: the other is the ability of the willow tree, the willow tree is flexible, and it can live when inserted.
On April 20, 1945, the Seventh Plenary Session of the Sixth Central Committee of the Communist Party of China was held in the Auditorium Ballroom to discuss and adopt the "Resolution on Several Historical Issues".
From April 23 to June 11, 1945, the Seventh National Congress of the Communist Party of China was held in the ** Great Hall. On June 19, the First Plenary Session of the Seventh Central Committee of the Communist Party of China was held, and the chairman of the Committee and the Political Bureau was elected, and Ren Bi was elected as the secretary.
From January 1937 to March 1947, the Revolutionary Military Committee of the Communist Party of China and the General Headquarters of the Eighth Route Army (later renamed the General Headquarters of the Chinese People's Liberation Army) were located, and many leaders lived here. On March 18, 1947, when the Kuomintang army invaded Yan'an, the Military Commission and its headquarters retreated and moved to northern Shaanxi.
**Lived in Wangjiaping from early 1946 to March 1947. Here, he successively wrote "Several Estimates of the Current International Situation", "Crushing Chiang Kai-shek's Offensive with a War of Self-Defense", "Gathering Superior Forces, Annihilating the Enemy Individually" and other works, and 8 articles were included in the "** Anthology".
It is located about 7 kilometers northwest of Yan'an City. It was originally the orchard of the ruined landlord Shen You'an, who later sold the garden and the caves in the garden to the warlord Gao Shuangcheng in northern Shaanxi. After the CCP entered Yan'an, it was confiscated and taken into public ownership. At the beginning of 1939, the ** Social Department lived here and renamed it "Yanyuan".
After 1942, the first agency successively built more than 20 caves, more than 80 bungalows and 1 small hall in Zaoyuan. In October 1943, the CCP moved here. In order to facilitate work, **Zhang Wentian,**Ren Bishi,** and others all live here.
** Here he completed works such as "Learning and the Current Situation" and "The Current Situation and Our Policy after the Victory of the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression", and 28 articles were included in the "** Anthology". *I often meet with the leaders in front of me here. Once, when he met with cadres returning from the front, he said: "You have just returned to Yan'an from the front, and you must get used to the caves in Yan'an. The caves in Yan'an are the most revolutionary, there is Marxism, and they can command the victory of the War of Resistance Against Japan, and the people of the whole country pin their hopes on us, that is, in the caves of Yan'an, you must look down on the caves of Yan'an! ”
In February 1950, ** inscribed the couplet "Carry forward the revolutionary tradition and strive for greater glory" to the people of Zaoyuan, Yan'an.
Pagoda Mountain, Qingliang Mountain, Phoenix Mountain, and Wanhua Mountain are the four famous mountains in Yan'an
Pagoda Mountain: also known as "Jialing Mountain", located in the southeast of Yan'an City, the pagoda was built in the Tang Dynasty, 44 meters high, a total of nine floors, climb to the top of the tower, the whole city style can be seen in full view. There is an iron bell cast in the Ming Dynasty next to the tower, and the CCP used it to tell the time and call the police when it was in Yan'an. In addition, there are 260 meters of cliff stone carving group and stele forest on the mountain, the stone carving bank is neat, the shore stone is complete, it is a rare stone carving art. The mountain has now been built into a pagoda mountain park, with lush forests and a beautiful environment. Baota Mountain is a landmark building in Yan'an City, Baota Mountain and Qingliang Mountain are far away, if you want to take a panoramic view of the pagoda, you can go to Qingliang Mountain. Pagoda HillYan'an Pagoda (also known as Lingshan Temple Tower) was built more than 1,300 years ago during the Tang Dynasty, the tower is 44 meters high, and has become a symbol of Yan'an, the holy land of revolution.
Qingliang Mountain:It is located in the center of Yan'an City, facing off with Baota Mountain and Phoenix Mountain across the Yan River. During the Yan'an period, Xinhua News Agency, Xinhua Radio, Jiefang ** Agency (News Memorial Hall), Xinhua Bookstore (in Cave 5), * Printing House (in the Ten Thousand Buddha Temple) and other news organizations were located on Qingliang Mountain, so Qingliang is also called "News Mountain".
Phoenix MountainFrom January 1937 to November 1938, the CCP was stationed at the foot of Phoenix Mountain in the northwest corner of Yan'an City. As well as the Red Army Staff lived here. **When I first arrived in Yan'an, I first lived in the Lijiayao Courtyard at the foot of Phoenix Mountain. It was here that "On Practice" and "On Contradiction" were written. Because the stone kiln of the Li family was too wet, soon, ** suffered from frozen shoulder. In the summer of 1937, ** moved to Wujiayao Courtyard, which was about 200 meters away from Lijiayao Courtyard. ** Here wrote "On Protracted War". *16 of the works written at the foot of the Phoenix Mountain are included in the "** Anthology". ** There were lengthy talks with Dr. Bethune, a member of the Communist Party of Canada, and also with British journalist Cowbetland and American writer Smedley. ** In the courtyard where he lived, he took a photo with some of the personnel of the "Ningdu Uprising".
Wanhua Mountain: It is located in the middle of the Du Fu River, 15 kilometers southwest of Yan'an City. During the Yan'an period, ** and others left ink treasures here.